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Olga Aleksandrovna Ladyzhenskaya
Olga Aleksandrovna Ladyzhenskaya (russian: Óльга Алекса́ндровна Лады́женская, link=no, p=ˈolʲɡə ɐlʲɪˈksandrəvnə ɫɐˈdɨʐɨnskəɪ̯ə, a=Ru-Olga Aleksandrovna Ladyzhenskaya.wav; 7 March 1922 – 12 January 2004) was a Russian mathematician who worked on partial differential equations, fluid dynamics, and the finite difference method for the Navier–Stokes equations. She received the Lomonosov Gold Medal in 2002. She is the author of more than two hundred scientific works, among which are six monographs. Biography Ladyzhenskaya was born and grew up in the small town of Kologriv, the daughter of a mathematics teacher who is credited with her early inspiration and love of mathematics. The artist Gennady Ladyzhensky was her grandfather's brother, also born in this town. In 1937 her father, Aleksandr Ivanovich Ladýzhenski, was arrested by the NKVD and executed as an "enemy of the people". Ladyzhenskaya completed high school in 1939, u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kologriv
Kologriv (russian: Кологри́в) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town and the administrative center of Kologrivsky District in Kostroma Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Unzha River northeast of Kostroma, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: History Kologriv is first mentioned in chronicles in the beginning of the 16th century. It was granted town status in 1778. Geography Climate Administrative and municipal status Within the subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions, framework of administrative divisions, Kologriv serves as the administrative center of the Kologrivsky District.Law #133-a As an administrative division, it includes seven types of inhabited localities in Russia, rural localities, incorporated within Kologrivsky District as the town of district significance of Kologriv. As a subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions, municipal division, the town of district significance of Kologriv is incorporated within ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ladyzhenskaya–Babuška–Brezzi Condition
In numerical partial differential equations, the Ladyzhenskaya–Babuška–Brezzi (LBB) condition is a sufficient condition for a saddle point problem to have a unique solution that depends continuously on the input data. Saddle point problems arise in the discretization of Stokes flow and in the mixed finite element discretization of Poisson's equation. For positive-definite problems, like the unmixed formulation of the Poisson equation, most discretization schemes will converge to the true solution in the limit as the mesh is refined. For saddle point problems, however, many discretizations are unstable, giving rise to artifacts such as spurious oscillations. The LBB condition gives criteria for when a discretization of a saddle point problem is stable. The condition is variously referred to as the LBB condition, the Babuška–Brezzi condition, or the "inf-sup" condition. Saddle point problems The abstract form of a saddle point problem can be expressed in terms of Hilbert s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел, Naródnyy komissariát vnútrennikh del, ), abbreviated NKVD ( ), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union. Established in 1917 as NKVD of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the agency was originally tasked with conducting regular police work and overseeing the country's prisons and labor camps. It was disbanded in 1930, with its functions being dispersed among other agencies, only to be reinstated as an all-union commissariat in 1934. The functions of the OGPU (the secret police organization) were transferred to the NKVD around the year 1930, giving it a monopoly over law enforcement activities that lasted until the end of World War II. During this period, the NKVD included both ordinary public order activities, and secret police activities. The NKVD is known for its role in political repression and for carrying out the Great ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gennady Ladyzhensky
Gennady Aleksandrovich Ladyzhensky (russian: Генна́дий Алекса́ндрович Лады́женский; 23 January 1852, Kologriv - 2 September 1916, Kologriv) was a Russian landscape painter and Academician at the Imperial Academy of Arts. Biography His father was the Parish Clerk. At first, he studied to be an architect. In 1872, he prepared drawings and watercolors of the sixteenth-century churches in Yaroslavl, Kostroma and Nizhny Novgorod. After that, he decided to take up landscape painting and studied with Mikhail Clodt.Brief biography, related to an exhibition @ the Department of Culture, . He was also influenced by the works of |
Notices Of The American Mathematical Society
''Notices of the American Mathematical Society'' is the membership journal of the American Mathematical Society (AMS), published monthly except for the combined June/July issue. The first volume appeared in 1953. Each issue of the magazine since January 1995 is available in its entirety on the journal web site. Articles are peer-reviewed by an editorial board of mathematical experts. Since 2019, the editor-in-chief is Erica Flapan. The cover regularly features mathematical visualization Mathematical phenomena can be understood and explored via visualization. Classically this consisted of two-dimensional drawings or building three-dimensional models (particularly plaster models in the 19th and early 20th century), while today it ...s. The ''Notices'' is self-described to be the world's most widely read mathematical journal. As the membership journal of the American Mathematical Society, the ''Notices'' is sent to the approximately 30,000 AMS members worldwide, one-third of whom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monograph
A monograph is a specialist work of writing (in contrast to reference works) or exhibition on a single subject or an aspect of a subject, often by a single author or artist, and usually on a scholarly subject. In library cataloging, ''monograph'' has a broader meaning—that of a nonserial publication complete in one volume (book) or a definite number of volumes. Thus it differs from a serial or periodical publication such as a magazine, academic journal, or newspaper. In this context only, books such as novels are considered monographs.__FORCETOC__ Academia The English term "monograph" is derived from modern Latin "monographia", which has its root in Greek. In the English word, "mono-" means "single" and "-graph" means "something written". Unlike a textbook, which surveys the state of knowledge in a field, the main purpose of a monograph is to present primary research and original scholarship ascertaining reliable credibility to the required recipient. This research is prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finite Difference Method
In numerical analysis, finite-difference methods (FDM) are a class of numerical techniques for solving differential equations by approximating derivatives with finite differences. Both the spatial domain and time interval (if applicable) are discretized, or broken into a finite number of steps, and the value of the solution at these discrete points is approximated by solving algebraic equations containing finite differences and values from nearby points. Finite difference methods convert ordinary differential equations (ODE) or partial differential equations (PDE), which may be nonlinear, into a system of linear equations that can be solved by matrix algebra techniques. Modern computers can perform these linear algebra computations efficiently which, along with their relative ease of implementation, has led to the widespread use of FDM in modern numerical analysis. Today, FDM are one of the most common approaches to the numerical solution of PDE, along with finite element metho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fluid Dynamics
In physics and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids— liquids and gases. It has several subdisciplines, including ''aerodynamics'' (the study of air and other gases in motion) and hydrodynamics (the study of liquids in motion). Fluid dynamics has a wide range of applications, including calculating forces and moments on aircraft, determining the mass flow rate of petroleum through pipelines, predicting weather patterns, understanding nebulae in interstellar space and modelling fission weapon detonation. Fluid dynamics offers a systematic structure—which underlies these practical disciplines—that embraces empirical and semi-empirical laws derived from flow measurement and used to solve practical problems. The solution to a fluid dynamics problem typically involves the calculation of various properties of the fluid, such as flow velocity, pressure, density, and temperature, as functions of space and time. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partial Differential Equation
In mathematics, a partial differential equation (PDE) is an equation which imposes relations between the various partial derivatives of a Multivariable calculus, multivariable function. The function is often thought of as an "unknown" to be solved for, similarly to how is thought of as an unknown number to be solved for in an algebraic equation like . However, it is usually impossible to write down explicit formulas for solutions of partial differential equations. There is, correspondingly, a vast amount of modern mathematical and scientific research on methods to Numerical methods for partial differential equations, numerically approximate solutions of certain partial differential equations using computers. Partial differential equations also occupy a large sector of pure mathematics, pure mathematical research, in which the usual questions are, broadly speaking, on the identification of general qualitative features of solutions of various partial differential equations, such a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USSR State Prize
The USSR State Prize (russian: links=no, Государственная премия СССР, Gosudarstvennaya premiya SSSR) was the Soviet Union's state honor. It was established on 9 September 1966. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the prize was followed up by the State Prize of the Russian Federation. The State Stalin Prize ( Государственная Сталинская премия, ''Gosudarstvennaya Stalinskaya premiya''), usually called the Stalin Prize, existed from 1941 to 1954, although some sources give a termination date of 1952. It essentially played the same role; therefore upon the establishment of the USSR State Prize, the diplomas and badges of the recipients of Stalin Prize were changed to that of USSR State Prize. In 1944 and 1945, the last two years of the Second World War, the award ceremonies for the Stalin Prize were not held. Instead, in 1946 the ceremony was held twice: in January for the works created in 1943–1944 and in June for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kovalevskaya Prize
Kovalevskaya Prize (russian: link=no, Премия имени С. В. Ковалевской) is a national scientific prize awarded by Russian Academy of Sciences for outstanding achievements in mathematics since 1997 in honor of Sofya Kovalevskaya. Kovalevskaya Prize winners * Olga Ladyzhenskaya, O. A. Ladyzhenskaya, 1992 * Nina Ivochkina, N. M. Ivochkina, 1997 * V. V. Kozlov, 1999 * G. A. Seregin, 2003 * S. V. Manakov and V. V. Sokolov, 2007 * A. B. Bogatyrev, 2009 * Alexey Borisov, A. V. Borisov and I. S. Mamaev, 2012 * A. I. Bufetov, 2015 * I. A. Taimanov, 2018 References Mathematics awards Awards of the Russian Academy of Sciences {{sci-award-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noether Lecture
The Noether Lecture is a distinguished lecture series that honors women "who have made fundamental and sustained contributions to the mathematical sciences". The Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) established the annual lectures in 1980 as the Emmy Noether Lectures, in honor of one of the leading mathematicians of her time. In 2013 it was renamed the AWM-AMS Noether Lecture and since 2015 is sponsored jointly with the American Mathematical Society (AMS). The recipient delivers the lecture at the yearly American Joint Mathematics Meetings held in January. The ICM Emmy Noether Lecture is an additional lecture series, sponsored by the International Mathematical Union. Beginning in 1994 this lecture was delivered at the International Congress of Mathematicians, held every four years. In 2010 the lecture series was made permanent. The 2021 Noether Lecture was supposed to have been given by Andrea Bertozzi of UCLA, but it was cancelled due to Bertozzi's connections to policing. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
