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Old Swiss Confederacy
The Old Swiss Confederacy, also known as Switzerland or the Swiss Confederacy, was a loose confederation of independent small states (, German or ), initially within the Holy Roman Empire. It is the precursor of the modern state of Switzerland. It formed during the 13th century, from a foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy, nucleus in what is now Central Switzerland, growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy, expanding to include the cities of Zürich and Bern by the middle of the century. This formed a rare union of rural and urban medieval commune, communes, all of which enjoyed imperial immediacy in the Holy Roman Empire. This confederation of eight cantons () was politically and militarily successful for more than a century, culminating in the Burgundy Wars of the 1470s which established it as a power in the complicated political landscape dominated by Early modern France, France and the Habsburg monarchy, Habsburgs. Its success resulted in the addition of more confederates, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical Dictionary Of Switzerland
The ''Historical Dictionary of Switzerland'' is an encyclopedia on the history of Switzerland that aims to take into account the results of modern historical research in a manner accessible to a broader audience. The encyclopedia is published by a foundation under the patronage of the Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences (SAGW/ASSH) and the Swiss Historical Society (SGG-SHH) and is financed by national research grants. Besides a staff of 35 at the central offices, the contributors include 100 academic advisors, 2500 historians and 100 translators. Print edition The encyclopedia is published simultaneously in three of Switzerland's national languages: German (''Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz'', HLS, in red), French (''Dictionnaire Historique de la Suisse'', DHS, in blue) and Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Marignano
The Battle of Marignano was the last major engagement of the War of the League of Cambrai and took place on 13–14 September 1515, near the town now called Melegnano, 16 km southeast of Milan. It pitted the French army, composed of the best heavy cavalry and artillery in Europe, led by Francis I, newly crowned King of France, against the Old Swiss Confederacy, whose mercenaries until that point were regarded as the best medieval infantry force in Europe. With the French were German ''landsknechts'', bitter rivals of the Swiss for fame and renown in war, and their late arriving Venetian allies. Background The campaign of Marignano followed years of Swiss successes, during which French fortunes in Northern Italy had suffered greatly. The Swiss had taken control of Milan (for France the gateway to Italy) after their victory at the Battle of Novara (1513), and returned to its ducal throne Massimiliano, son of Ludovico Sforza, to make Milan a protectorate of Switzerland. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schwyz Gulden
The Gulden was the currency of the Swiss canton of Schwyz until 1798. It was subdivided into 40 ''Schilling'', each of 3 ''Rappen'' or 6 ''Angster''. Coins were also issued denominated in ''Groschen''. The French silver écu was equivalent to 2 Gulden. The French écu was also equivalent to 4 Franken of the Helvetic Republic, and afterwards to 4 Schwyz frank The Frank was the currency of the Swiss canton of Schwyz between 1798 and 1850. It was subdivided into 10 ''Batzen'', each of 10 ''Rappen'' (also spelled ''Rapen'') or 20 ''Angster''. It was worth th the French silver ''écu'' or 6.67 g fine silve ...en. Coins In the late 18th century, copper coins were issued for 1 Angster and 1 Rappen, together with billon 1 Rappen and 1 Groschen. Silver coins were issued in denominations of 5 and 10 Schilling, and 1 Gulden. References * External links Modern obsolete currencies Currencies of Switzerland 1798 disestablishments {{Money-unit-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuchâtel Gulden
The gulden a currency denomination of Neuchâtel equal to 21 ''batz'' until 1850. Neuchâtel's basic currency unit was the livre (later franc), divided into 10 batz or 40 kreuzer. The French silver écu was worth 42 batz or 2 gulden. It was replaced by the Swiss franc The Swiss franc is the currency and legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It is also legal tender in the Italian exclave of Campione d'Italia which is surrounded by Swiss territory. The Swiss National Bank (SNB) issues banknotes and the f .... Coins In the late 18th century, billon and 1 creuzer and and 1 batz were issued, together with silver , , and 1 gulden. The and gulden were denominated as 28 and 56 creuzer, whilst the and 1 gulden were denominated as and 21 batz. After 1799, only the billon coins were issued, with the last coins struck in 1818. References * External links Modern obsolete currencies Currencies of Switzerland 1850 disestablishments Canton of Neuchâtel {{Mone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luzern Gulden
The gulden was the currency of the Swiss canton of Luzern until 1798. It was subdivided into 40 ''schilling'', each of 3 ''rappen'' or 6 ''angster''. Coins were also issued denominated in ''kreuzer'' and ''batzen''. The French silver ''écu'' was equivalent to 3 ''gulden''. The French écu was also equivalent to 4 Franken of the Helvetic Republic, and afterwards to 4 Luzern frank The Frank was the currency of the Swiss canton of Luzern between 1798 and 1850. It was subdivided into 10 ''Batzen'', each of 10 ''Rappen'' or 20 ''Angster''. It was worth th the French silver ''écu'' or 6.67 g fine silver. The Frank Frank ...en. Coins In the late 18th century, copper coins were issued for 1 angster and 1 rappen, together with billon 1 schilling, and 1 batzen. Silver coins were issued in denominations of 5 and 10 schilling, 20 and 40 kreuzer, and 20 and 40 batzen. References * {{Money-unit-stub Modern obsolete currencies Currencies of Switzerland 1798 disestablishme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneva Genevoise
The genevoise was the short-lived currency of Geneva between 1794 and 1795. It was subdivided into 10 ''decimes'' (singular: ''decimi''). The genevoise replaced and was replaced by the thaler A thaler (; also taler, from german: Taler) is one of the large silver coins minted in the states and territories of the Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy during the Early Modern period. A ''thaler'' size silver coin has a diameter of .... Coins In 1794, silver coins were issued in denominations of ½ and 1 decimal and 1 genevoise. References * Modern obsolete currencies Currencies of Switzerland 1794 establishments in the Republic of Genoa 1795 disestablishments {{Switzerland-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneva Thaler
The Geneva thaler was a coin equivalent to the French silver ''écu'', containing 26.67 g fine silver and valued at 12 ''florins'', which was issued by Geneva until 1798 (except briefly between 1794 and 1795) and between 1813 and 1839. History The currencies used in Geneva were the ''florin, petite monnaie'' (each of 12 ''sols'' or 144 ''deniers, petite monnaie'') and the ''livre courant'' worth 3 florins (each of 20 ''sols'' or 240 ''deniers, courant'')."p xxvii. ecu francais de 6 livres = 12 florins 7 sous. Geneva accounts in livres, sous & deniers currency; or in florins, sous & deniers petty money. https://books.google.fr/books?id=MV0OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR27#v=onepage&q&f=false The florin & livre were the currencies of the Republic of Geneva except in 1794-95, when the ''genevoise'' was used, and in 1798-1813, when Geneva was annexed by France and the French franc was used. The florin & livre were replaced in 1839 by the Geneva franc, and after 1848 by the Swiss franc The Swiss fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fribourg Gulden
The Fribourg ''Gulden'' was a currency denomination worth 14 ''Batzen'' of the Swiss canton of Fribourg until 1798. Fribourg's basic currency unit was the livre (later franc or frank), divided into 10 ''batzen'' or 40 ''kreuzer''. The French silver écu was equivalent to 4 francs or 40 batzen. The écu was also equivalent to 4 Franken of the Helvetic Republic, and afterwards to 4 Fribourg frank. It was subdivided into 14 ''Batzen'', each of 4 ''Kreuzer'' or 16 ''Denier''. It was replaced by the Frank of the Helvetian Republic in 1798. This was, in turn, replaced by the Fribourg Frank The Frank was the currency of the Swiss canton of Fribourg between 1798 and 1850. It was subdivided into 10 ''Batzen'', each of 4 ''Kreuzer'' or 10 ''Rappen''. It was worth th the French silver ''écu'' or 6.67 g fine silver. History The Frank .... Coins In the late 18th century, copper 1 Denier coins were issued, together with billon ''Vierer'' (2 Denier), 1 Kreuzer and Batzen, and silver 7 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berne Thaler
The ''Berne Thaler'' was a coin equivalent to the French silver ''écu'' (German: ''laubthaler'') issued by the Swiss canton of Bern. It contained 26.67 g fine silver and was valued at 4 livres. The currency of Bern was the ''livre'' (later, franc or frank), divided into 10 batzen or 40 kreuzer. The ''laubthaler'' or ''écu'' was also equivalent to 4 franken of the Helvetic Republic, and afterwards to 4 Berne franken and 4 Vaud francs. Coins In the late 18th century, billon coins were issued in denominations of and 1 Kreuzer, and 1 Batzen, together with silver 10 and 20 Kreuzer, , and 1 Thaler, and gold , 1 and 2 ''Duplone The duplone was a currency used in various Swiss cantons in the late 1700s and early 1800s. Although there is a wide range of conversions due to the differing sizes and gold contents of different canton's duplones, 1 duplone is generally equal to 16 ...''. The Kreuzer coins were inscribed as 1 ''Vierer''. Additionally, French ''écus'' were counterstamp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basel Thaler
The ''Basel Thaler'' was a currency denomination worth 3 ''livres'' or 30 ''batzen'' used by the Swiss Canton of Basel until 1798. It was used by both the Canton and the Bishopric of Basel. Basel's basic currency unit was the ''livre'' (later ''franc'' or ''frank''), divided into 10 ''batzen'' or 40 ''kreuzer''. It was worth th the French silver écu or 6.67 g fine silver. The French ''écu'' was also equivalent to 4 Franken of the Helvetic Republic, and afterwards to 4 Basel franken. Coins The first Thaler were issued between 1542 and 1552 by the city of Basel, together with Thaler between 1542 and 1548. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the canton issued , , 1 and 2 Thaler coins, with Thaler only struck between 1764 and 1766. In the late 18th century, the canton issued billon coins for , 1 and 3 Batzen, silver pieces of , , and 1 Thaler, and gold ''Duplone'' and 1 and 2 ''Gulden''. The ''Bistum'' (Bishopric In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Invasion Of Switzerland
The French invasion of Switzerland (French: ''Campagne d'Helvétie'', German: ''Franzoseneinfall'') occurred from January to May 1798 as part of the French Revolutionary Wars. The independent Old Swiss Confederacy collapsed from the invasion and simultaneous internal revolts called the "Helvetic Revolution". The Swiss Ancien Régime institutions were abolished and replaced by the centralised Helvetic Republic, one of the sister republics. Background Before 1798, the modern region of Vaud belonged to the Canton of Bern, to which it had a dependent status. Moreover, the majority of Francophone Catholic Vaudois felt oppressed by the German-speaking Protestant majority of Bern. Several Vaudois patriots such as Frédéric-César de La Harpe advocated for independence. In 1795, La Harpe called on his compatriots to rise up against the Bernese aristocrats, but his appeal fell to deaf ears, and he had to flee to Revolutionary France, where he resumed his activism. In late 1797, French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Peasant War Of 1653
The Swiss peasant war of 1653 () was a popular revolt in the Old Swiss Confederacy at the time of the Ancien Régime. A devaluation of Bernese money caused a tax revolt that spread from the Entlebuch valley in the Canton of Lucerne to the Emmental valley in the Canton of Bern and then to the cantons of Solothurn and Basel and also to the Aargau. The population of the countryside demanded fiscal relief from their ruling authorities, the city councils of these cantons' capitals. When their demands were dismissed by the cities, the peasants organized themselves and threatened to blockade the cities. After initial compromises mediated by other cantons had failed, the peasants united under the treaty of Huttwil, forming the "League of Huttwil". Their movement became more radical, going beyond the initially purely fiscal demands. The Huttwil League considered itself a political entity equal to and independent from the city authorities, and it assumed full military and political sovereig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
