Odontophrynus Monachus

	Odontophrynus Monachus ''Odontophrynus monachus'' is a species of frogs in the family Odontophrynidae. It is endemic to southeastern Brazil and only known from its type locality in the Serra da Canastra National Park (southwestern Minas Gerais state), in the headwaters of the São Francisco River, at around above sea level. The specific name ''monachus'', derived from the Latin word for "monk", alludes to the type locality in the headwaters of the São Francisco River (="St. Francis River") and Francis of Assisi, known as a patron of the animals and of the environment. Description Males measure and females (based on a single specimen) about in snout–vent length. The snout is obtuse in profile. The parotoid glands are globose and pearl-shaped in shape. The dorsum is granulose. Dorsal ground colour (in preservative) is brown or olive-brown. There is a cream coloured inter-orbital bar. The males have vocal sac and start calling at dusk. The advertisement call is composed of one to three multi-pul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Ulisses Caramaschi Ulisses Caramaschi is a Brazilian herpetologist specializing in neotropical frogs. He works at the National Museum of Brazil and is a professor at its Department of Vertebrates. Education Caramaschi possesses a bachelor's degree from the Botucatu campus of São Paulo State University and a master's from the University of Campinas in ecology, and a doctorate in biological science from São Paulo State University. Taxa described ''Bufo scitulus'' ''Chiasmocleis alagoanus'' ''Chiasmocleis atlantica'' ''Chiasmocleis capixaba'' ''Chiasmocleis carvalhoi'' ''Chiasmocleis cordeiroi'' ''Chiasmocleis crucis'' ''Chiasmocleis jimi'' ''Chiasmocleis mehelyi'' ''Crossodactylus bokermanni'' ''Crossodactylus dantei'' ''Crossodactylus lutzorum'' ''Elachistocleis piauiensis'' ''Gastrotheca pulchra'' ''Hyla araguaya'' ''Hyla atlantica'' ''Hyla buriti'' ''Hyla cachimbo'' ''Hyla cerradensis'' ''Hyla elianeae'' ''Hyla ericae'' ''Hyla ibitipoca'' ''Hyla izecksohni'' ''Hyla jimi' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Francis Of Assisi Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, better known as Saint Francis of Assisi ( it, Francesco d'Assisi; – 3 October 1226), was a mystic Italian Catholic friar, founder of the Franciscans, and one of the most venerated figures in Christianity. He was inspired to lead a life of poverty and itinerant preaching. Pope Gregory IX canonized him on 16 July 1228. He is usually depicted in a robe with a rope as belt. In 1219, he went to Egypt in an attempt to convert the sultan al-Kamil and put an end to the conflict of the Fifth Crusade. In 1223, he arranged for the first Christmas live nativity scene. According to Christian tradition, in 1224 he received the stigmata during the apparition of a Seraphic angel in a religious ecstasy. He founded the men's Order of Friars Minor, the women's Order of St. Clare, the Third Order of St. Francis and the Custody of the Holy Land. Once his community was authorized by the Pope, he withdrew increasingly from external affairs. Francis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Amphibians Of Brazil Amphibians are four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this. The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs. Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to reptiles like lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic decline ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Endemic Fauna Of Brazil Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Odontophrynus ''Odontophrynus'' is a genus of frogs in the family Odontophrynidae. They are found in southern and eastern South America. They are sometimes known as the escuerzos. Species The genus contains the following species: * '' Odontophrynus americanus'' (Duméril and Bibron, 1841) * '' Odontophrynus carvalhoi'' Savage and Cei, 1965 * '' Odontophrynus cordobae'' Martino and Sinsch, 2002 * ''Odontophrynus cultripes ''Odontophrynus cultripes'' (common nane: Rio Grande escuerzo) is a species of frog in the family Odontophrynidae. It is endemic to southeastern Brazil and known from Minas Gerais, Goiás, and São Paulo states. It is mostly found at altitudes h ...'' Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 * ''Odontophrynus'' juquinha Rocha, Sena, Pezzuti, Leite, Svartman, Rosset, Baldo, and Garcia, 2017 * '' Odontophrynus lavillai'' Cei, 1985 * '' Odontophrynus maisuma'' Rosset, 2008 * '' Odontophrynus monachus'' Caramaschi and Napoli, 2012 * '' Odontophrynus occidentalis'' (Berg, 1896) '' Odontop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Sexual Selection In Amphibians Sex is the biological distinction of an organism between male and female. Sex or SEX may also refer to: Biology and behaviour Animal sexual behaviour Copulation (zoology) Human sexual activity Non-penetrative sex, or sexual outercourse Sex drive, a person's overall sexual drive or desire for sexual activity * Sexual intercourse, also called copulation or coitus Gender, the distinction between male and female or masculinity and femininity within an individual's gender identity Sex and gender distinction Human sexuality Mating types, a distinction of gametes, whether in anisogamous or isogamous species Sexing, the act of discerning the sex of an animal Sexual reproduction, a process of combining and mixing genetic traits, associated with the generation of new individuals, by means of meiosis and fertilization * Genetic recombination, the process of mixing genetic traits solely, occurring both in organisms with sexual or asexual reproduction Art and entertainment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Vocal Sac The vocal sac is the flexible membrane of skin possessed by most male frogs and toads. The purpose of the vocal sac is usually as an amplification of their mating or advertisement call. The presence or development of the vocal sac is one way of externally determining the sex of a frog or toad in many species; taking frogs as an example; The vocal sac is open to the mouth cavity of the frog, with two slits on either side of the tongue. To call, the frog inflates its lungs and shuts its nose and mouth. Air is then expelled from the lungs, through the larynx, and into the vocal sac. The vibrations of the larynx emits a sound, which resonates on the elastic membrane of the vocal sac. The resonance causes the sound to be amplified and allows the call to carry further. Muscles within the body wall force the air back and forth between the lungs and vocal sac. Development The development of the vocal sac is different in most species, however they mostly follow the same process. The d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Dorsum (anatomy) Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position provides a definition of what is at the front ("anterior"), behind ("posterior") and so on. As part of defining and describing terms, the body is described through the use of anatomical planes and anatomical axes. The meaning of terms that are used can change depending on whether an organism is bipedal or quadrupedal. Additionally, for some animals such as invertebrates, some terms may not have any meaning at all; for example, an animal that is radially symmetrical will have no anterior surface, but can still have a description that a part is close to the middle ("proximal") or further from the middle ("distal"). International organisations have determined vocabularies that are often used as standard vocabularies for subdisciplines of anatom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Parotoid Gland The parotoid gland (alternatively, paratoid gland) is an external skin gland on the back, neck, and shoulder of toads and some frogs and salamanders. It can secrete a number of milky alkaloid substances (depending on the species) known collectively as bufotoxins, which act as neurotoxins to deter predation. These cutaneous glands are called parotoid as they are somewhat similarly positioned to mammalian parotid gland, although the latter have a different function, excreting saliva within the mouth rather than externally excreted defensive chemicals. A study of the parotoid glands of the Colorado River toad in 1976 found that the parotoid glands were "composed of numerous lobules", each of which is a separate unit with a lumen surrounded by a double cell layer. The cell layers have interlocking microvilli. The study found that the outer cell layer resembled smooth muscle cells, with some organelles hypothesised to "function in some aspects of venom synthesis, active cellular trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Specific Name (zoology) In zoological nomenclature, the specific name (also specific epithet or species epithet) is the second part (the second name) within the scientific name of a species (a binomen). The first part of the name of a species is the name of the genus or the generic name. The rules and regulations governing the giving of a new species name are explained in the article species description. For example, the scientific name for humans is ''Homo sapiens'', which is the species name, consisting of two names: ''Homo'' is the " generic name" (the name of the genus) and ''sapiens'' is the "specific name". Historically, ''specific name'' referred to the combination of what are now called the generic and specific names. Carl Linnaeus, who formalized binomial nomenclature, made explicit distinctions between specific, generic, and trivial names. The generic name was that of the genus, the first in the binomial, the trivial name was the second name in the binomial, and the specific the proper term for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Frog A frog is any member of a diverse and largely Carnivore, carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order (biology), order Anura (ανοὐρά, literally ''without tail'' in Ancient Greek). The oldest fossil "proto-frog" ''Triadobatrachus'' is known from the Early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock, molecular clock dating suggests their split from other amphibians may extend further back to the Permian, 265 Myr, million years ago. Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforest. Frogs account for around 88% of extant amphibian species. They are also one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders. Warty frog species tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal, not from Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy or evolutionary history. An adult frog has a stout body, protruding eyes, anteriorly-attached tongue, limb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Above Sea Level Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''. The combination of unit of measurement and the physical quantity (height) is called "metres above mean sea level" in the metric system, while in United States customary and imperial units it would be called "feet above mean sea level". Mean sea levels are affected by climate change and other factors and change over time. For this and other reasons, recorded measurements of elevation above sea level at a reference time in history might differ from the actual elevation of a given location over sea level at a given moment. Uses Metres above sea level is the standard measurement of the elevation or altitude of: * Geographic locations such as towns, mountains and other landmarks. * The top of buildings and other structures. * Flying objects such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]