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Odelsrett
The Odelsrett is an ancient Scandinavian allodial title which has survived in Norway as ''odelsrett'' and existed until recent times in Sweden as ''bördsrätt''. The Norwegian law stipulates the right, when a farm is to be sold, of any member of the family, by the principle of primogeniture, to buy it, consistent with ''Åsetesrett.'' If the property is sold to a stranger, family members have the right within a specified period of time (which varies over history, but ten years can be considered typical of recent usage) to redeem it at the price paid, with the additional cost of the improvements. If there is controversy, appraisers are appointed. Later law modified this, so that an owner selling his farm may determine whether he renounces for himself and heirs this right. It has been argued that this law served as a mainstay to the long-lasting agrarian culture in Norway. History Arnfinn Kjelland provides a historical perspective: ::“(For a) farm (to) become allodium by g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allodial Title
Allodial title constitutes ownership of real property (land, buildings, and fixtures) that is independent of any superior landlord. Allodial title is related to the concept of land held "in allodium", or land ownership by occupancy and defense of the land. Most property ownership in common law jurisdictions is fee simple. In the United States, the land is subject to eminent domain by federal, state and local government, and subject to the imposition of taxes by state and/or local governments, and there is thus no true allodial land. Some states within the U.S. (notably, Nevada and Texas) have provisions for considering land allodial under state law, and the term may be used in other circumstances. Land is "held of the Crown" in England and Wales and other jurisdictions in the Commonwealth realms. Some land in the Orkney and Shetland Islands, known as udal land, is held in a manner akin to allodial land in that these titles are not subject to the ultimate ownership of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Åsetesrett
Åsetesrett (archaic spelling Åsædesret) is one of the Ancient Norwegian property laws under which the eldest child has priority inheritance rights to agricultural property. Summary Åsetesretten is a priority right to take over an agricultural property inheritance. When the farmer dies, only lineal descendants have inheritance rights to agricultural property. If there are several agricultural properties involved, the eldest child may choose only one parcel. The heir is obliged to pay the other siblings their share of the estate (originally only 50% to sisters). Traditionally the value of the estate was given by the father or else is estimated, usually below its actual valuation. If the father left no son, his eldest surviving daughter inherited. Before reforms of the 1970s, daughters did inherit, but their share was limited to one-half that of the sons' shares. Currently there is an appraisal, but the value is typically low. If a farm or estate is of such a size that several ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allodium
In the law of the Middle Ages and early Modern Period and especially within the Holy Roman Empire, an allod (Old Low Franconian ''allōd'' ‘fully owned estate’, from ''all'' ‘full, entire’ and ''ōd'' ‘estate’, Medieval Latin ''allodium''), also allodial land or allodium, is an estate in land over which the allodial landowner (allodiary) had full ownership and right of alienation. Description Historically holders of allods are a type of sovereign. Allodial land is described as territory or a state where the holder asserted right to the land by the grace of god and the sun. For this reason they were historically equal to other princes regardless of what the size of their territory was or what title they used. This definition is confirmed by the acclaimed Jurist Hugo Grotius, the father of international law and the concept of sovereignty. "holders of allodial land are sovereign" because allodial land is by nature free, hereditary, inherited from their forefathers, sove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allodial Title
Allodial title constitutes ownership of real property (land, buildings, and fixtures) that is independent of any superior landlord. Allodial title is related to the concept of land held "in allodium", or land ownership by occupancy and defense of the land. Most property ownership in common law jurisdictions is fee simple. In the United States, the land is subject to eminent domain by federal, state and local government, and subject to the imposition of taxes by state and/or local governments, and there is thus no true allodial land. Some states within the U.S. (notably, Nevada and Texas) have provisions for considering land allodial under state law, and the term may be used in other circumstances. Land is "held of the Crown" in England and Wales and other jurisdictions in the Commonwealth realms. Some land in the Orkney and Shetland Islands, known as udal land, is held in a manner akin to allodial land in that these titles are not subject to the ultimate ownership of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Norwegian Property Laws
Two Norwegian property laws, which are so ancient that the time of their enactment is lost, govern Norwegian property. These are the ''Åsetesrett'' (homestead right), and the '' Odelsrett'' (also referred to as allodial right). These two rights were considered important enough that they were included in the 1814 Constitution of Norway. See also * Allodial title * Udal law * Odal (rune) Othala (), also known as odal and ēðel, is a rune that represents the ''o'' and ''œ'' phonemes in the Elder Futhark and the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc writing systems respectively. Its name is derived from the reconstructed Proto-Germanic *''ō ... References * Gjerset, Knut (1917). History of the Norwegian People'. MacMillan. * {{cite web , title=Kong Christian the Fjerdes Norske Lovbog af 1604 , trans-title=King Christian IV's Norwegian Book of Law of 1604 , publisher=FEILBERG & LANDMARK/Prosjekt for nettbaserte hovedfagsstudier (PNH) , date=1981 , url=http://www.hf.uio.no/PNH/chr4web/ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odal (rune)
Othala (), also known as odal and ēðel, is a rune that represents the ''o'' and ''œ'' phonemes in the Elder Futhark and the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc writing systems respectively. Its name is derived from the reconstructed Proto-Germanic *''ōþala-'' "heritage; inheritance, inherited estate". As it does not occur in Younger Futhark, it disappears from the Scandinavian record around the 8th century, however its usage continued in England into the 11th century. As with other symbols used historically in Europe such as the swastika and Celtic cross, othala has been appropriated by far-right groups such as the Nazi party and neo-Nazis. The rune also continues to be used in non-racist contexts, both in Heathenry and in wider popular culture such as the works of J.R.R. Tolkien. Name and etymology The Common Germanic stem ''ōþala-'' or ''ōþila-'' "inherited estate" is an ablaut variant of the stem ''aþal-''. It consists of a root ''aþ-'' and a suffix ''-ila-'' or ''-ala-'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udal Law
Udal law is a Norse-derived legal system, found in Shetland and Orkney in Scotland, and in Manx law in the Isle of Man. It is closely related to Odelsrett; both terms are from Proto-Germanic *''Ōþalan'', meaning "heritage; inheritance". History Udal law was codified by the Norwegian kings Magnus I and Magnus VI. The Treaty of Perth transferred the Outer Hebrides and Isle of Man to Scots law, while Norse law and rule still applied for Shetland and Orkney. The courts of Scotland have intermittently acknowledged the supremacy of udal law in property cases up to the present day. Major differences from Scots law include shore ownership rights, important for pipelines and buried cables. Udal law generally holds sway in Shetland and Orkney, along with Scots law. Description Not all land in Shetland and Orkney can be described as falling under udal tenure. The type of tenure depends on how the title arose: #Unwritten udal title, while rare, does exist, for udal law did not req ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of Norway. Bouvet Island, located in the Subantarctic, is a dependency of Norway; it also lays claims to the Antarctic territories of Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land. The capital and largest city in Norway is Oslo. Norway has a total area of and had a population of 5,425,270 in January 2022. The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden at a length of . It is bordered by Finland and Russia to the northeast and the Skagerrak strait to the south, on the other side of which are Denmark and the United Kingdom. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence dominates Norway's climate, with mild lowland temperatures on the se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Primogeniture
Primogeniture ( ) is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit the parent's entire or main estate in preference to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relative. In most contexts, it means the inheritance of the firstborn son (agnatic primogeniture); it can also mean by the firstborn daughter (matrilineal primogeniture). Description The common definition given is also known as male-line primogeniture, the classical form popular in European jurisdictions among others until into the 20th century. In the absence of male-line offspring, variations were expounded to entitle a daughter or a brother or, in the absence of either, to another collateral relative, in a specified order (e.g. male-preference primogeniture, Salic primogeniture, semi-Salic primogeniture). Variations have tempered the traditional, sole-beneficiary, right (such as French appanage) or, in the West since World War II, eliminate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulating
Gulating ( non, Gulaþing) was one of the first Norwegian legislative assemblies, or '' things,'' and also the name of a present-day law court of western Norway. The practice of periodic regional assemblies predates recorded history, and was firmly established at the time of the unification of Norway into a single kingdom (900–1030). These assemblies or ''lagþings'' were not democratic, but did not merely serve elites either. They functioned as judicial and legislative bodies, resolving disputes and establishing laws. Gulaþing, along with Norway's three other ancient regional assemblies, the Borgarting, Eidsivating, and Frostating, were joined into a single jurisdiction during the late 13th century, when King Magnus the Lawmender had the existing body of law put into writing (1263–1280). They provided the institutional and legal framework for subsequent legislative and judicial bodies, and remain in operation today as superior regional courts. History The Gulaþing was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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