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Ocypode Macrocera
''Ocypode'' is a genus of ghost crabs found in the sandy shores of tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. They have a box-like body, thick and elongated eyestalks, and one claw is larger than the other in both males and females. They inhabit deep burrows in the intertidal zone. They are primarily nocturnal, and are generalist scavengers and predators of small animals. The genus contains 21 species. Taxonomy The genus ''Ocypode'' was first established by the German entomologist Friedrich Weber in 1795, using the type species '' Cancer ceratophthalmus'' described by the German naturalist Peter Simon Pallas in 1772. ''Ocypode'' was previously the only genus classified under the ghost crab subfamily Ocypodinae until 2013, when Katsushi Sakai and Michael Türkay reclassified the gulf ghost crab into a separate genus, '' Hoplocypode''. It belongs to the family Ocypodidae. Ghost crabs of the genus ''Hoplocypode'' can be distinguished from those in ''Ocypode'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ocypode Ceratophthalma
''Ocypode ceratophthalmus'', the horned ghost crab or horn-eyed ghost crab, is a species of ghost crab. It lives in the Indo-Pacific region (except the Red Sea); from the coast of East Africa to the Philippines and from Japan to the Great Barrier Reef. They also occur in the Pacific Islands to as far east as Polynesia and Clipperton Island. As their common name implies, ''O. ceratophthalmus'' possess eyestalks extending beyond the eyes into long points, which are longer in adults, and shorter (or even absent) in juveniles. The crabs have a box-shaped body, across the carapace, with a darker markings towards the rear in the shape of an H. The outer edges of the eye-sheaths are also sharp and broadly triangular and distinctly pointing sideways in larger individuals. ''O. ceratophthalmus'' can run at speeds of up to . The characteristic "horned" eyes of ''O. ceratophthalmus'' are not unique to the species, and it should not be confused with other ghost crabs which also exhibit "horn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomologist
Entomology () is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such as arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans. This wider meaning may still be encountered in informal use. Like several of the other fields that are categorized within zoology, entomology is a taxon-based category; any form of scientific study in which there is a focus on insect-related inquiries is, by definition, entomology. Entomology therefore overlaps with a cross-section of topics as diverse as molecular genetics, behavior, neuroscience, biomechanics, biochemistry, systematics, physiology, developmental biology, ecology, morphology, and paleontology. Over 1.3 million insect species have been described, more than two-thirds of all known species. Some insect species date back to around 400 million years ago. They have many kinds of intera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ocypode Macrocera
''Ocypode'' is a genus of ghost crabs found in the sandy shores of tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. They have a box-like body, thick and elongated eyestalks, and one claw is larger than the other in both males and females. They inhabit deep burrows in the intertidal zone. They are primarily nocturnal, and are generalist scavengers and predators of small animals. The genus contains 21 species. Taxonomy The genus ''Ocypode'' was first established by the German entomologist Friedrich Weber in 1795, using the type species '' Cancer ceratophthalmus'' described by the German naturalist Peter Simon Pallas in 1772. ''Ocypode'' was previously the only genus classified under the ghost crab subfamily Ocypodinae until 2013, when Katsushi Sakai and Michael Türkay reclassified the gulf ghost crab into a separate genus, '' Hoplocypode''. It belongs to the family Ocypodidae. Ghost crabs of the genus ''Hoplocypode'' can be distinguished from those in ''Ocypode'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ocypode Gaudichaudii
''Ocypode gaudichaudii'', also known as the painted ghost crab or cart driver crab, is a species of crab found on Pacific beaches from El Salvador to Chile as well as on the Galápagos Islands. The species was first described by Henri Milne-Edwards and Hippolyte Lucas in 1843. They are diurnal crustaceans that display a red-orange color with sandy dots across the back of the carapace. They are described with three distinct feeding behaviors that vary based on food source and development: as deposit feeders, scavengers, and predators. In all methods of feeding, visual clues and chemosensory are used to locate potential food. Their diet includes organic matter within sand, live organisms, and dead matter from both ocean and terrestrial sources. In Peru, this crab is the host of the acanthocephalan parasite '' Neoandracantha peruensis''. Taxonomy ''Ocypode gaudichaudii'' was first described in 1843 by Henri Milne-Edwards and Hippolyte Lucas as they voyaged along the coa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ocypode Brevicornis
''Ocypode brevicornis'' is a species of ghost crab native to the Indian Ocean, from the Gulf of Oman to the Nicobar Islands. They are relatively large ghost crabs with a somewhat trapezoidal body. The carapace reaches a length of and a width of . They are a mottled brown to yellow in coloration. Like other ghost crabs, one of their claws is much larger than the other. Their eyestalks are large and elongated, tipped with prolongations at the tip known as styles. They are common inhabitants of open sandy beaches, living in burrows in the intertidal zone. Taxonomy ''Ocypode brevicornis'' was first described by the French zoologist Henri Milne-Edwards in 1837. However, his type specimens consisted only of two juvenile individuals from Pondicherry, India. In 1852, he again described the same species from adult specimens recovered from the same area as ''Ocypode platytarsis''. In 1880, the American zoologist John Sterling Kingsley synonymized ''Ocypode brevicornis'' with ''Ocyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cornea
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. In humans, the refractive power of the cornea is approximately 43 dioptres. The cornea can be reshaped by surgical procedures such as LASIK. While the cornea contributes most of the eye's focusing power, its focus is fixed. Accommodation (the refocusing of light to better view near objects) is accomplished by changing the geometry of the lens. Medical terms related to the cornea often start with the prefix "'' kerat-''" from the Greek word κέρας, ''horn''. Structure The cornea has unmyelinated nerve endings sensitive to touch, temperature and chemicals; a touch of the cornea causes an involuntary reflex to close the eyelid. Because transparency is of prime importance, the healthy cornea does not have or need blood vessels with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carapace
A carapace is a Dorsum (biology), dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups, including arthropods, such as crustaceans and arachnids, as well as vertebrates, such as turtles and tortoises. In turtles and tortoises, the underside is called the plastron. Crustaceans In crustaceans, the carapace functions as a protective cover over the cephalothorax (i.e., the fused head and thorax, as distinct from the abdomen behind). Where it projects forward beyond the eyes, this projection is called a rostrum (anatomy), rostrum. The carapace is Calcification, calcified to varying degrees in different crustaceans. Zooplankton within the phylum Crustacea also have a carapace. These include Cladocera, ostracods, and Isopoda, isopods, but isopods only have a developed "cephalic shield" carapace covering the head. Arachnids In arachnids, the carapace is formed by the fusion of prosomal tergites into a single Plate (animal anatomy), plate which carries the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ocypodidae
The Ocypodidae are a family of semiterrestrial crabs that includes the ghost crabs and fiddler crabs. They are found on tropical and temperate shorelines around the world. Some genera previously included in the family are now treated as members of separate families in the superfamily Ocypodoidea, such as the Dotillidae and Macrophthalmidae. In 2016, the genus Uca was split into 13 genera by elevating its subgenera to genus rank, among other things. Further refinements have been made to the organization of the family, which has 4 subfamilies, about 13 extant genera, and about 180 described species as of 2020. The majority of the Ocypodidae species are fiddler crabs, the exceptions being the members of the genus ''Ocypode'', ghost crabs, and the genus ''Ucides'', mangrove crabs. Genera These genera belong to the family Ocypodidae: * '' Afruca'' Crane, 1975 * ''Austruca'' Bott, 1973 * '' Cranuca'' Beinlich & von Hagen, 2006 * '' Gelasimus'' Stimpson 1862 * ''Leptuca'' Bott, 1973 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoplocypode
The gulf ghost crab, ''Hoplocypode occidentalis'', is a species of ghost crabs native to the Pacific coast of the Americas, from the Gulf of California to Colombia. It is the only species in the genus ''Hoplocypode''. Gulf ghost crabs are medium-sized, reaching a maximum overall body diameter of . They are one of only two ghost crab species found in the eastern Pacific (the other being the painted ghost crabs). However, gulf ghost crabs can easily be distinguished from painted ghost crabs by the absence of "horns" on their eyes. Taxonomy ''Hoplocypode occidentalis'' was first described by the American marine biologist William Stimpson in 1860 as ''Ocypoda occidentalis''. The type specimens were originally collected from Cabo San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico. It was transferred to its own genus ''Hoplocypode'' in 2013 by Katsushi Sakai and Michael Türkay based on the differences of their gonopods (appendages modified into copulatory organs) from that of the rest of the member ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulf Ghost Crab
The gulf ghost crab, ''Hoplocypode occidentalis'', is a species of ghost crabs native to the Pacific coast of the Americas, from the Gulf of California to Colombia. It is the only species in the genus ''Hoplocypode''. Gulf ghost crabs are medium-sized, reaching a maximum overall body diameter of . They are one of only two ghost crab species found in the eastern Pacific (the other being the painted ghost crabs). However, gulf ghost crabs can easily be distinguished from painted ghost crabs by the absence of "horns" on their eyes. Taxonomy ''Hoplocypode occidentalis'' was first described by the American marine biologist William Stimpson in 1860 as ''Ocypoda occidentalis''. The type specimens were originally collected from Cabo San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico. It was transferred to its own genus ''Hoplocypode'' in 2013 by Katsushi Sakai and Michael Türkay based on the differences of their gonopods (appendages modified into copulatory organs) from that of the rest of the members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ocypodinae
Ghost crabs are semiterrestrial crabs of the subfamily Ocypodinae. They are common shore crabs in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world, inhabiting deep burrows in the intertidal zone. They are generalist scavengers and predators of small animals. The name "ghost crab" derives from their nocturnality and their generally pale coloration. They are also sometimes called sand crabs, though the name refers to various other crabs that do not belong to the subfamily. Characteristics of the subfamily include one claw being larger than the other, thick and elongated eyestalks, and a box-like body. The differences in claw sizes, however, are not as marked as in male fiddler crabs. The subfamily includes 22 species in two genera. Taxonomy Ocypodinae is one of two subfamilies in the family Ocypodidae, the other being the fiddler crab subfamily, Ucinae. Both subfamilies have members in which one of the claw-bearing legs (the chelipeds) is much larger than the other. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
