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October 1992 Turkish Incursion Into Northern Iraq
, image= , image_size= 300px , width= 300px , caption=Commandos from the 1st Commando Company, 3rd Team, Task Force 2/A inserting near Hakurk via Sikorskys. , partof=the Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present) , place= Iraqi Kurdistan , date=12 October – 1 November 1992 , result= Decisive Turkish Victory *PKK's heavily defended and fortified Hakurk Camp is destroyed. * KRG– PKK cease-fire *2 captured Turkish soldiers rescued by Turkish forces *All routes between Turkey and Iraqi Kurdistan re-opened , territory= PKK flees from Hakurk Region. , combatant1= , combatant2= Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) , units1= 5th Commando Brigade *Brigade Headquarters *1st Commando Battalion, Order 70/4, 71/1, 71/2 *2nd Commando Battalion, Order 71/3, 71/4 *3rd Commando Battalion, Order 72/1, 72/2 *Artillery Battalion, Order 71/1, 71/3 Special Forces Command *309th Combat Search and Rescue Hakkâri 12th Land And Air Aviation Squadron *9 UH-60 *2 UH-1 Hakkâri Assault Helicopter Batt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UH-60 Blackhawk
The Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk is a four-blade, twin-engine, medium-lift utility military helicopter manufactured by Sikorsky Aircraft. Sikorsky submitted the S-70 design for the United States Army's Utility Tactical Transport Aircraft System (UTTAS) competition in 1972. The Army designated the prototype as the ''YUH-60A'' and selected the Black Hawk as the winner of the program in 1976, after a fly-off competition with the Boeing Vertol YUH-61. Named after the Native American war leader Black Hawk, the UH-60A entered service with the U.S. Army in 1979, to replace the Bell UH-1 Iroquois as the Army's tactical transport helicopter. This was followed by the fielding of electronic warfare and special operations variants of the Black Hawk. Improved UH-60L and UH-60M utility variants have also been developed. Modified versions have also been developed for the U.S. Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard. In addition to U.S. Army use, the UH-60 family has been exported to several nations. Bl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdistan Workers Party/States Listed As Terrorist
The Kurdistan Workers' Party or PKK is a Kurdish militant political organization and armed guerrilla movement, which historically operated throughout Kurdistan, but is now primarily based in the mountainous Kurdish-majority regions of southeastern Turkey and northern Iraq. Since 1984, the PKK has utilized asymmetric warfare in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict (with several ceasefires between 1993 and 2013–2015). Although the PKK once sought an independent Kurdish state, in the 1990s its aims shifted toward autonomy and increased rights for Kurds within Turkey. The PKK is designated as a terrorist organization by Turkey, the United States, the EU and some other countries; however, the labeling of the PKK as a terrorist organization is controversial, and some analysts and organizations contend that the PKK no longer engages in organized terrorist activities or systemically targets civilians. Turkey has often viewed the demand for education in Kurdish language as supporting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Army Winter Campaign Of 1994–1995
In November 1994, the Turkish military launched a winter campaign in South-Eastern Turkey to cut rebels from the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), who were active in the region, off from their winter supplies. The campaign continued until March 20, 1995, when the Turkish government launched an offensive into Iraqi Kurdistan to dislodge the PKK from its bases before the spring. See also *Operation Steel Operation Steel ( tr, Çelik Harekâtı) was a cross-border operation by the Turkish Armed Forces into northern Iraq between 20 March and 4 May 1995 against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). The purpose of offensive was to put a stop to the PKK ... References History of the Kurdistan Workers' Party 1995 in Turkey 1995 in Iraq Conflicts in 1995 Cross-border operations of Turkey into Iraq {{battle-stub tr:Çelik Harekâtı vi:Chiến dịch Thép ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August 1992 Şırnak Clashes
August 1992 Şırnak Clashes were a series of clashes that broke out in the city of Şırnak between Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and Turkish security forces from 18 to 21 August 1992, after PKK members had built barricades and attacked the District Gendarmerie Command's building with rockets and mortars. During this battle over 20,000 of Şırnak's 25,000 inhabitants fled the town due to the violence. A total of 107 people were killed, including 85 rebels and 22 civilians. The clashes started when a large force of PKK rebels attacked government buildings in Şırnak on the night of 18 August, and security forces responded by shelling and firing on rebel positions. Following the battle, a curfew was imposed in the town. Similar operations were later launched in the towns of Kulp in Diyarbakır Province on 3 October 1992, and Varto in Muş Province on 17 September 1996. British journalist Christopher de Bellaigue Christopher de Bellaigue (born 1971 in London) is a journa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August 1986 Turkish Incursion Into Northern Iraq
The August 1986 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq, by the Turkish Air Forces and Turkish Land Forces, began on 15 August 1986, when the Turkish Military bombed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) targets in northern Iraq and Turkish troops crossed the Iraqi border as a respond to PKK attack in Uludere, Hakkari on 12 August 1986 which killed 12 Turkish soldiers and injured 10 others. Operation On 15 August 1986, at 06:00, 10 war planes started bombing PKK targets and 8,000 Turkish troops crossed the border after informing the Iraqi government about the planned operation due to a security agreement signed between 2 nations in 1984. In 15 minutes, Turkish war planes destroyed several shelters owned by PKK and bombed 3 major PKK camps (codenamed Lolan, Nebadiye and Lak-1 by Turkey). At 17:30, then Prime Minister of Turkey The prime minister of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish language, Turkish: ''Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı'') was the head of government of the Republic of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuad Masum
Muhammad Fuad Masum ( ar, محمد فؤاد معصوم هورامي, translit=Muḥammad Fū’ād Ma‘ṣūm; , born 1 January 1938) is an Iraqi Kurdish politician who served as the seventh president of Iraq from 24 July 2014 to 2 October 2018. He was elected as president following the 2014 parliamentary election. Masum is the second non-Arab president of Iraq, succeeding Jalal Talabani, also Kurdish, and was a confidant of Talabani. Early life and education Fuad Masum was born in the city of Koya. He was the son Mullah Masum Khider, a former head of the Association of Muslim Scholars in Kurdistan, who belongs to an established political dynasty with Muslim clerical links. His family descends from the village of Khabanen, which is part of Hawraman. He studied at various religious schools in Iraqi Kurdistan until the age of 18. He studied law and Sharia at Baghdad University. In 1958, Masum traveled to Cairo to complete his higher education at Al-Azhar University. He worked as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Iraqi Kurdistan
The Prime Minister of Kurdistan Region is the head of the Kurdistan Regional Government, governing Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The government is elected as part of the Kurdistan Parliament. 1992–2005 After the 1992 parliamentary election resulted in the two main parties, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), each holding 50 out of 100 seats, they decided to create a unity government (which was not recognized by the Ba'athist Iraq, led by Saddam Hussein).Galbraith, Peter (2006), ''The End of Iraq: How American Incompetence Created a War without End''; Simon and Schuster. The unity government soon collapsed and in 1994 a civil war broke out, which lasted until 1998. This resulted in the establishment of two Kurdistan Regional Governments in 1996, a KDP-controlled one in Erbil and a PUK-controlled one in Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah, also spelled as Slemani ( ku, سلێمانی, Silêmanî, ar, السليمانية, as-Sulaymāniyya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osman Öcalan
Osman Öcalan (14 August 1958 - 15 November 2021) was a Turkish-Kurdish militant, politician, and ex-commander of the Kurdistan Workers' Party. Biography The younger brother of Abdullah Öcalan, Osman studied at teachers' training college before joining the PKK when it was founded in 1978 and spent two years in Libya. Career with the PKK He joined the central committee in 1986, and the executive committee in the 1990s, becoming virtually second in command of the PKK. But in 1992, after signing a truce with the two main Iraqi Kurdish parties, the KDP and the PUK, he suffered disgrace and was jailed by the PKK. "In June 1993, they removed all my powers", he told ''The Middle East'' in an interview. "I was isolated in a cell for three months and interrogated for 52 days before being tried in February 1995. The trial lasted only one day. I was warned that if I continued to defend my ideas, I would be executed. If not, I would be pardoned. A lawyer? Out of the question. The tria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Air Force
The Turkish Air Force ( tr, ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces. The Turkish Air Force can trace its origins back to June 1911 when it was founded by the Ottoman Empire, however, the air force as it is known today did not come into existence until 1923 with the creation of the Republic of Turkey. It is considered to be the third largest airforce in NATO. In 1998, the Turkish Armed Forces announced a program of modernization worth US$160 billion over a twenty-year period in various projects. $45 billion was earmarked to go to the overhaul of the Turkish Air Force, and includes commissioning new combat aircraft (consisting of multi-role and fifth generation stealth fighters) and helicopters (consisting of heavy lift, attack, medium lift and light general purpose helicopters). According to Flight International ( Flightglobal.com) and the International Institute for Strategic Studies, the Turkish Air Force has an active strength of 50,000 mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriotic Union Of Kurdistan
The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK; ku, یەکێتیی نیشتمانیی کوردستان, translit=Yekîtiya Nîştimanî ya Kurdistanê) is a political party active in Kurdistan Region and the disputed territories in Iraq. The PUK describes its goals as self-determination, human rights, democracy and peace for the Kurdish people of Kurdistan and Iraq. The PUK is currently under the leadership of Bafel Talabani. The PUK was founded in 1975 by Jalal Talabani, Nawshirwan Mustafa, Fuad Masum, Adel Murad, Ali Askari and Abdul Razaq Feyli. All presidents of Iraq under the 2005 constitution have been from this party. History Discontent within the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) The PUK traces its political heritage to Sulaymaniyah native Ibrahim Ahmad. After the collapse of the Soviet-backed Kurdish Mahabad Republic in Iran in early 1947, Ibrahim Ahmad, previously the Sulaymaniyah representative of the Iranian KDP (KDP-I), joined the newly formed Iraqi KDP. Ahmad was a highly in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdistan Democratic Party
The Kurdistan Democratic Party ( ku, Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistanê; پارتی دیموکراتی کوردستان), usually abbreviated as KDP or PDK, is the largest party in Iraqi Kurdistan and the senior partner in the Kurdistan Regional Government. It was founded in 1946 in Mahabad in Iranian Kurdistan. The party states that it combines "democratic values and social justice to form a system whereby everyone in Kurdistan can live on an equal basis with great emphasis given to rights of individuals and freedom of expression." The KDP is dominated by the Barzani tribe and described as a Kurdish nationalist big tent party. History Foundation In 1946, the leader of the Soviet-backed Republic of Mahabad, Qazi Muhammad, announced the formation of a "Kurdish Democratic Party" based in Iran, or Eastern Kurdistan. The Soviet Union, then supporting the Kurdish national struggle against the monarchies of Iran and Iraq, instructed Mustafa Barzani to place himself under the authori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peshmerga
The Peshmerga ( ku, پێشمەرگه, Pêşmerge, lit=those who face death) is the Kurdish military forces of the autonomous Kurdistan Region of Iraq. According to the Constitution of Iraq, the Peshmerga, along with their security subsidiaries, are responsible for the security of Kurdistan Region, due to the fact that the Iraqi Armed Forces are forbidden by Iraqi law to enter Iraqi Kurdistan. These subsidiaries include Asayish (intelligence agency), '' Parastin u Zanyarî'' (assisting intelligence agency) and the Zeravani (Gendarmerie). The history of Peshmerga dates back to 18th century, starting out as a strictly tribal pseudo-military border guard under the Ottomans and Safavids and later changing to a well-trained, disciplined guerrilla force in the 19th century. Formally, the Peshmerga are under the command of the Kurdistan Regional Government's Ministry of Peshmerga Affairs. In reality, the Peshmerga force itself is largely divided and controlled separately by the two re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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