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Observant Jew
In Judaism, a person who is shomer Shabbat or shomer Shabbos (plural ''shomré Shabbat'' or ''shomrei Shabbos''; he, שומר שבת, "Sabbath observer", sometimes more specifically, "Saturday Sabbath observer") is a person who observes the mitzvot (commandments) associated with Judaism's Shabbat, or Sabbath, which begins at dusk on Friday and ends after sunset on Saturday. Under Jewish law (halakhah), the person who is shomer Shabbat is expected to conform to the prohibitions against certain forms of ''melacha''—creative acts. The observant Jew does not cook, spend money, write, operate electrical devices, or carry out other activities prohibited on Shabbat. In addition, a variety of positive Sabbath commandments are expected to be fulfilled, such as Sabbath meals, rituals, prayers, kindness, benignity, rest and—for married couples—sexual intercourse on Friday night. In contemporary Orthodox Judaism, the shomer Shabbat person would typically strive to follow all the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judaism
Judaism ( he, ''Yahăḏūṯ'') is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. It has its roots as an organized religion in the Middle East during the Bronze Age. Modern Judaism evolved from Yahwism, the religion of ancient Israel and Judah, by the late 6th century BCE, and is thus considered to be one of the oldest monotheistic religions. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenant that God established with the Israelites, their ancestors. It encompasses a wide body of texts, practices, theological positions, and forms of organization. The Torah, as it is commonly understood by Jews, is part of the larger text known as the ''Tanakh''. The ''Tanakh'' is also known to secular scholars of religion as the Hebrew Bible, and to Christians as the " Old Testament". The Torah's supplemental oral tradition is represented by later texts s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabbinic Literature
Rabbinic literature, in its broadest sense, is the entire spectrum of rabbinic writings throughout Jewish history. However, the term often refers specifically to literature from the Talmudic era, as opposed to medieval and modern rabbinic writing, and thus corresponds with the Hebrew term ''Sifrut Chazal'' ( he, ספרות חז״ל "Literature f oursages," where ''Hazal'' normally refers only to the sages of the Talmudic era). This more specific sense of "Rabbinic literature"—referring to the Talmudim, Midrash ( he, מדרש), and related writings, but hardly ever to later texts—is how the term is generally intended when used in contemporary academic writing. The terms ''meforshim'' and ''parshanim'' (commentaries/commentators) almost always refer to later, post-Talmudic writers of rabbinic glosses on Biblical and Talmudic texts. Mishnaic literature The Midr'she halakha, Mishnah, and Tosefta (compiled from materials pre-dating the year 200 CE) are the earliest e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flatbush, Brooklyn
Flatbush is a neighborhood in the New York City Borough (New York City), borough of Brooklyn. The neighborhood consists of several subsections in central Brooklyn and is generally bounded by Prospect Park (Brooklyn), Prospect Park to the north, East Flatbush, Brooklyn, East Flatbush to the east, Midwood, Brooklyn, Midwood to the south, and Kensington, Brooklyn, Kensington and Parkville (which were characterized throughout much of the 20th century as subsections of Flatbush) to the west. The neighborhood had a population of 105,804 as of the 2010 United States Census. The modern neighborhood includes or borders several institutions of note, including Brooklyn College. Flatbush was originally chartered as the Dutch Nieuw Nederland colony town of Midwout (or Midwoud or Medwoud). The town's former border runs through what is now Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Before it was incorporated into the Brooklyn#History, City of Brooklyn in 1894, ''Flatbush'' described both the Political subdivisio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Liebman
Charles S. Liebman (Hebrew: ישעיהו ליבמן) (New York City October 20, 1934 – September 3, 2003) was a political scientist and prolific author on Jewish life and Israel. A professor at Bar-Ilan University, he previously served on university faculties in the United States. Biography In 1965, Liebman published a pioneering essay, Orthodoxy in American Jewish Life” in the ''American Jewish Year Book''. His 14 books include ''Ambivalent American Jew: Politics, Religion, and Family in American Jewish Life''. According to Cohen (2003), Liebman "argued that American Jews struggle to integrate into the larger society while trying to maintain a distinctive group identity." According to Orthodox Rabbi Reuven Bulka, "Liebman's exhaustive study was an eye-opener for many who had dismissed Orthodoxy as a negligible force on the American Jewish scene and also was a partial harbinger of much more literature on Orthodoxy which has proliferated ever since." In a provocative paper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emanuel Feldman
Emanuel Feldman (born August 26, 1927) is an Orthodox Jewish rabbi and rabbi emeritus of Congregation Beth Jacob of Atlanta, Georgia. During his nearly 40 years as a congregational rabbi, he oversaw the growth of the Orthodox community in Atlanta from a community small enough to support two small Orthodox synagogues (and one nominally Orthodox one, Shearith Israel, which eventually became Conservative), to a community large enough to support Jewish day schools, yeshivas, girls schools and a kollel. He is a past vice-president of the Rabbinical Council of America and former editor of '' Tradition: The Journal of Orthodox Jewish thought'' published by the RCA. He is the older brother of Rabbi Aharon Feldman, rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Ner Yisroel, Baltimore, Maryland. Early life and education Emanuel is the eldest of three sons born to Rabbi Joseph H. Feldman, a native of Warsaw and scion of a rabbinical family. Joseph Feldman served as a rabbi in Manchester, New Hampshire in the 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heresy In Orthodox Judaism
Jewish heresy refers to those beliefs which contradict the traditional doctrines of Rabbinic Judaism, including theological beliefs and opinions about the practice of ''halakha'' (Jewish religious law). Jewish tradition contains a range of statements about heretics, including laws for how to deal with them in a communal context, and statements about the divine punishment they are expected to receive. Rabbinic definition of heresy Talmudic era The Greek term for heresy, αἵρεσις, originally denoted "division," "sect," "religious" or "philosophical party," is applied by Josephus to the three Jewish sects—Sadducees, Pharisees, and Essenes. In the sense of a schism to be deprecated, the word occurs in , , and particularly in ; hence αἱρετικὸς ("heretic") in the sense of "factious" (). The specific rabbinical term for heresies, or religious divisions due to an unlawful spirit, is ''minim'' (lit. "kinds f belief; the singular ''min'', for "heretic" or "Gnostic," ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lida
Lida ( be, Лі́да ; russian: Ли́да ; lt, Lyda; lv, Ļida; pl, Lida ; yi, לידע, Lyde) is a city 168 km (104 mi) west of Minsk in western Belarus in Grodno Region. Etymology The name ''Lida'' arises from its Lithuanian name ''Lyda'', which derives from ''lydimas'', meaning "slash-and-burn" agricultural method or a plot of land prepared in this way. Names in other languages are spelled as pl, Lida and yi, לידע. History Early history, Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth There are passing mentions of Lida in chronicles from 1180. Until the early 14th century, the settlement at Lida was a wooden fortress in Lithuania proper. In 1323, the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas built a brick fortress there. The generally considered founding year of Lida is 1380. The fortress withstood Crusader attacks from Prussia in 1392 and 1394 but was burned to the ground in 1710. Following the death of Gediminas, when Lithuania was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Ben Aryeh Leib
Rabbi David ben Aryeh Leib of Lida ( 1650 – 1696) wrote works of rabbinic literature, including ''Sefer Shomer Shabbat'' and books on the 613 Mitzvot, bris milah, the Shulchan Aruch, the Book of Ruth, and Jewish ethics (''Divrei David'', 1671). He was accused of Sabbateanism, not to mention plagiarism, but was absolved of wrongdoing by the Council of the Four Lands. He died in Lviv (Lemberg). Biography His uncle (mother's brother) was the R. Moses Rivkes, author of "Be'er ha-Golah." Besides serving initially as the rabbi of Lida (for which he is named), he also functioned as the of Zwolin and Mainz. In 1682, he was appointed the Ashkenazi rabbi of Amsterdam. According to the Jewish Encyclopedia: "The inscription on his tombstone bears the date 5450 = 1690, but Polak (see "Ḳol Bat Gallim," p. 3) proves this to be a mistake, as several works are extant which were endorsed by him after the year given in the inscription. Stern (see "Bikkurim," i., Preface, p. xxxvi.) giv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yehoshua Neuwirth
Yehoshua Yeshaya Neuwirth ( he, יהושע ישעיה נויברט) (15 February 1927 – 11 June 2013) was an eminent Orthodox Jewish rabbi and ''posek'' (halakhic authority) in Jerusalem. He was one of the primary students of Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and the author of a two-volume Hebrew language treatise, ''Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchatah'' — translated into English as ''Shemirath Shabbath: A practical guide to the observance of Shabbath'' — a compendium of the laws of Shabbat which is viewed by many as an authoritative work regarding these laws. Biography Rabbi Neuwirth was born in Berlin, Germany. His father Aharon served as rabbi in a number of German communities. After ''Kristallnacht'', he travelled to Belgium on the ''Kindertransport'' (children's convoy) but was rejoined by his parents in 1939. They settled in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. During the Second World War, the family lived in hiding, supported by the Resistance. During this time, Neuwirth had littl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boro Park
Borough Park (also spelled Boro Park) is a neighborhood in the southwestern part of the borough of Brooklyn, in New York City. The neighborhood is bordered by Bensonhurst to the south, Dyker Heights to the southwest, Sunset Park to the west, Kensington and Green-Wood Cemetery to the northeast, Flatbush to the east, and Midwood to the southeast. It is economically diverse, and home to one of the largest Orthodox Jewish communities outside Israel, with one of the largest concentrations of Jews in the United States, and Orthodox traditions rivaling many insular communities. As the average number of children in Orthodox and Haredi families is 6.72, Boro Park is experiencing a sharp growth in population. The neighborhood is part of Brooklyn Community District 12, and its primary ZIP Code is 11219. It is patrolled by the 66th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Politically, it is represented by the New York City Council's 38th, 39th, and 44th Districts. History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eliezer Adler
Eliezer Adler (1866-1949) was one of the founders of the Jewish community in Gateshead, England. Biography Adler was born on 30 August 1866 in what is now Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, then known as Stanisławówin in Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia, then part of the Austrian Empire. Adler's parents were Yehuda Yona Hass and Chayale (nee Adler) Hass and he was probably registered as Adler because his parents were not civilly married. Adler arrived in Liverpool, England in 1882 at the age of 15 looking for a better way to financially support himself and his widowed mother. Adler moved to Newcastle upon Tyne and when his mother died, he needed a minyan to say Kaddish. Being that the Newcastle synagogues were not up to his religious standard, Adler crossed Redheugh Bridge, the bridge to Gateshead for the services. This led to the establishment of the "Shomer Shabbat, Shomrei Shabbos" synagogue in 1887. From that beginning the Gateshead Jewish community went on to establish a cheder in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machzike Hadath
The Machzike Hadath community synagogue is a Lithuanian synagogue founded in 1891. The synagogue, also known as the Spitalfields Great Synagogue, was founded in 1891 in the East End of London, England. In 1893, it merged with the Machzike Shomrei Shabbat Synagogue of Booth Street. In 1898 they acquired premises in Spitalfields, at the corner of Fournier Street and Brick Lane, where they remained for 70 years. The building, first established in 1743 as a Protestant chapel ("La Neuve Eglise") by London's French Huguenot community and later a Methodist Chapel, is now the Brick Lane Mosque. The synagogue moved to Golders Green in 1970 where its new building was consecrated in 1983. The first rabbi of the community was Rabbi Avraham Aba Werner (1891–1912). Later rabbis include Rabbi Avraham Yitzchak HaKohen Kook, and Rabbi Yechezkel Abramsky. The current rabbi is Rabbi Ilan Halberstadt who was appointed in May 2018. In the late 1920s the Machzike Hadath sponsored the publica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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