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Nitryl Fluoride
Nitryl fluoride, NO2F, is a colourless gas and strong oxidizing agent, which is used as a fluorinating agent and has been proposed as an oxidiser in rocket propellants (though never flown). It is a molecular species, not ionic, consistent with its low boiling point. The structure features planar nitrogen with a short N-F bond length of 135 pm. Preparation Henri Moissan and Paul Lebeau recorded the preparation of nitryl fluoride in 1905 by the fluorination of nitrogen dioxide. This reaction is highly exothermic, which leads to contaminated products. The simplest method avoids fluorine gas but uses cobalt(III) fluoride: :NO2 + CoF3 → NO2F + CoF2 The CoF2 can be regenerated to CoF3. Other methods have been described. Thermodynamic properties The thermodynamic properties of this gas were determined by IR and Raman spectroscopy The standard heat of formation of FNO2 is -19 ± 2 kcal/mol.3 *The equilibrium of the unimolecular decomposition of FNO2 lies on the side of the reacta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitryl Chloride
Nitryl chloride is a volatile inorganic compound with formula ClNO2. At standard conditions it is a gas. Formation Nitryl chloride can be formed in the reaction of dinitrogen pentoxide with chlorides or hydrogen chloride: :N2O5 + 2HCl → 2ClNO2 + H2O :N2O5 + NaCl → ClNO2 + NaNO3 This kind of reaction can occur in the Earth's atmosphere. References {{Reflist Nitro compounds Nitrogen oxohalides Nitrogen(V) compounds Oxychlorides Inorganic chlorine compounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrogen Dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula . It is one of several nitrogen oxides. is an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of nitric acid, millions of tons of which are produced each year for use primarily in the production of fertilizers. At higher temperatures it is a reddish-brown gas. It can be fatal if inhaled in large quantities. Nitrogen dioxide is a paramagnetic, bent molecule with C2v point group symmetry. It is included in the NOx family of atmospheric pollutants. Properties Nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas with a pungent, acrid odor above , becomes a yellowish-brown liquid below , and converts to the colorless dinitrogen tetroxide () below . The bond length between the nitrogen atom and the oxygen atom is 119.7 pm. This bond length is consistent with a bond order between one and two. Unlike ozone, O3, the ground electronic state of nitrogen dioxide is a doublet state, since nitrogen has one unpaired electron, which decreases ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrogen(V) Compounds
Nitrogen is the chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bond to form N2, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas. N2 forms about 78% of Earth's atmosphere, making it the most abundant uncombined element. Nitrogen occurs in all organisms, primarily in amino acids (and thus proteins), in the nucleic acids ( DNA and RNA) and in the energy transfer molecule adenosine triphosphate. The human body contains about 3% nitrogen by mass, the fourth most abundant element in the body after oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. The nitrogen cycle describes the movement of the element from the air, into the biosphere and organic compounds, then back into the atmosphere. Many industrially important ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitryl
Nitryl is the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) moiety when it occurs in a larger compound as a univalent fragment. Examples include nitryl fluoride (NO2F) and nitryl chloride (NO2Cl). Like nitrogen dioxide, the nitryl moiety contains a nitrogen atom with two bonds to the two oxygen atoms, and a third bond shared equally between the nitrogen and the two oxygen atoms. The nitrogen-centred radical is then free to form a bond with another univalent fragment (X) to produce an N−X bond, where X can be F, Cl, OH, etc. In organic nomenclature, the nitryl moiety is known as the nitro group. For instance, nitryl benzene is normally called nitrobenzene (PhNO2). See also * Dinitrogen tetroxide * Nitro compound * Nitrosyl (R−N=O) * Isocyanide (R−N≡C) * Nitryl fluoride * Nitrate Nitrate is a polyatomic ion A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a covalent bonded set of two or more atoms, or of a metal complex, that can be considered to behave as a single unit and that ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrate Ester
In organic chemistry, a nitrate ester is an organic functional group with the formula , where R stands for any organic residue. They are the esters of nitric acid and alcohols. A well-known example is nitroglycerin, which is not a ''nitro'' compound, despite its name. : Synthesis and reactions Nitrate esters are typically prepared by condensation of nitric acid and the alcohol: For example, the simplest nitrate ester, methyl nitrate, is formed by reaction of methanol and nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid: :CH3OH + HNO3 -> CH3ONO2 + H2O This condensation is sometimes called "nitroxylation". Explosive properties The thermal decomposition of nitrate esters mainly yields the gases molecular nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide. The considerable chemical energy of the detonation is due to the high strength of the bond in molecular nitrogen. This stoichiometry is illustrated by the equation for the detonation of nitroglycerin. : Illustrative of the highly sensitive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitro Compound
In organic chemistry, nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups (). The nitro group is one of the most common explosophores (functional group that makes a compound explosive) used globally. The nitro group is also strongly electron-withdrawing. Because of this property, bonds alpha (adjacent) to the nitro group can be acidic. For similar reasons, the presence of nitro groups in aromatic compounds retards electrophilic aromatic substitution but facilitates nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Nitro groups are rarely found in nature. They are almost invariably produced by nitration reactions starting with nitric acid. Synthesis Preparation of aromatic nitro compounds Aromatic nitro compounds are typically synthesized by nitration. Nitration is achieved using a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, which produce the nitronium ion (), which is the electrophile: + The nitration product produced on the la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cobalt(III) Fluoride
Cobalt(III) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula . Hydrates are also known. The anhydrous compound is a hygroscopic brown solid. It is used to synthesize organofluorine compounds. The related cobalt(III) chloride is also known but is extremely unstable.Arthur W. Chester, El-Ahmadi Heiba, Ralph M. Dessau, and William J. Koehl Jr. (1969): "The interaction of cobalt(III) with chloride ion in acetic acid". ''Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters'', volume 5, issue 4, pages 277-283. Cobalt(III) bromide and cobalt(III) iodide have not been synthesized. Structure Anhydrous Anhydrous cobalt trifluoride crystallizes in the rhombohedral group, specifically according to the aluminium trifluoride motif, with ''a'' = 527.9 pm, ''α'' = 56.97°. Each cobalt atom is bound to six fluorine atoms in octahedral geometry, with Co–F distances of 189 pm. Each fluoride is a doubly bridging ligand. Hydrates A hydrate is known. It is conjectured to be better described as . There ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fluorination
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction that entails the introduction of one or more halogens into a compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. This kind of conversion is in fact so common that a comprehensive overview is challenging. This article mainly deals with halogenation using elemental halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2). Halides are also commonly introduced using salts of the halides and halogen acids. Many specialized reagents exist for and introducing halogens into diverse substrates, e.g. thionyl chloride. Organic chemistry Several pathways exist for the halogenation of organic compounds, including free radical halogenation, ketone halogenation, electrophilic halogenation, and halogen addition reaction. The nature of the substrate determines the pathway. The facility of halogenation is influenced by the halogen. Fluorine and chlorine are more electrophilic and are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitryl Bromide
Nitryl is the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) moiety when it occurs in a larger compound as a univalent fragment. Examples include nitryl fluoride (NO2F) and nitryl chloride (NO2Cl). Like nitrogen dioxide, the nitryl moiety contains a nitrogen atom with two bonds to the two oxygen atoms, and a third bond shared equally between the nitrogen and the two oxygen atoms. The nitrogen-centred radical is then free to form a bond with another univalent fragment (X) to produce an N−X bond, where X can be F, Cl, OH, etc. In organic nomenclature, the nitryl moiety is known as the nitro group. For instance, nitryl benzene is normally called nitrobenzene (PhNO2). See also * Dinitrogen tetroxide * Nitro compound * Nitrosyl (R−N=O) * Isocyanide (R−N≡C) * Nitryl fluoride Nitryl fluoride, NO2F, is a colourless gas and strong oxidizing agent, which is used as a fluorinating agent and has been proposed as an oxidiser in rocket propellants (though never flown). It is a molecular species, not ioni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Lebeau
Paul Marie Alfred Lebeau (19 December 1868 – 18 November 1959) was a French chemist. He studied at the elite École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris (ESPCI). Together with his doctoral advisor Henri Moissan he was working on fluorine chemistry discovering several new compounds, like bromine trifluoride, oxygen difluoride, selenium tetrafluoride and sulfur hexafluoride. In 1899 he was able to obtain pure beryllium by electrolysis sodium fluoroberyllate (Na2 eF2. In World War I he improved the gas mask design used by the French army The French Army, officially known as the Land Army (french: Armée de Terre, ), is the land-based and largest component of the French Armed Forces. It is responsible to the Government of France, along with the other components of the Armed For .... References * 1868 births 1959 deaths 20th-century French chemists ESPCI Paris alumni Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur Members of the French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
