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Nikolai Girenko
Nikolai Mikhailovich Girenko (russian: Николай Михайлович Гиренко; October 31, 1940 – June 19, 2004) was an ethnologist and human rights activist. Biography Nikolai Girenko was born in 1940 in Leningrad. He graduated in African Studies from Leningrad University's Oriental Institute in 1967. From 1967 to 1970 he worked as a translator for Soviet specialists working in Tanzania. In 1970 he began working for the Institute of Ethnography in Leningrad. Girenko received recognition in the USSR for his ethnology and African studies. Girenko taught in the university and worked for Kunstkamera. Saint Petersburg's citizens elected Girenko to the first democratic Lensovet in 1990–1993. Girenko participated in the ethnic minorities' rights group of this legislative body and chaired a similar committee of the Saint Petersburg Union of Scientists. Girenko managed scientific and education programs meant to foster tolerance and counter-act chauvinism. He and othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Girenko
Nikolai Mikhailovich Girenko (russian: Николай Михайлович Гиренко; October 31, 1940 – June 19, 2004) was an ethnologist and human rights activist. Biography Nikolai Girenko was born in 1940 in Leningrad. He graduated in African Studies from Leningrad University's Oriental Institute in 1967. From 1967 to 1970 he worked as a translator for Soviet specialists working in Tanzania. In 1970 he began working for the Institute of Ethnography in Leningrad. Girenko received recognition in the USSR for his ethnology and African studies. Girenko taught in the university and worked for Kunstkamera. Saint Petersburg's citizens elected Girenko to the first democratic Lensovet in 1990–1993. Girenko participated in the ethnic minorities' rights group of this legislative body and chaired a similar committee of the Saint Petersburg Union of Scientists. Girenko managed scientific and education programs meant to foster tolerance and counter-act chauvinism. He and othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Rights Defender
A human rights defender or human rights activist is a person who, individually or with others, acts to promote or protect human rights. They can be journalists, environmentalists, whistleblowers, trade unionists, lawyers, teachers, housing campaigners, participants in direct action, or just individuals acting alone. They can defend rights as part of their jobs or in a voluntary capacity. As a result of their activities, human rights defenders (HRDs) are often subjected to reprisals including smears, surveillance, harassment, false charges, arbitrary detention, restrictions on the right to freedom of association, physical attack, and even murder. In 2020, at least 331 HRDs were murdered in 25 countries. The international community and some national governments have attempted to respond to this violence through various protections, but violence against HRDs continues to rise. Women human rights defenders and environmental human rights defenders (who are very often indigenous) face g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racism In Russia
Racism in Russia appears mainly in the form of negative attitudes and actions by some Russians toward non-ethnic Russian citizens, immigrants or tourists. Traditionally Russian racism includes Antisemitism in the Soviet Union, anti-Semitism, anti-Ukrainian sentiment, and Tatarophobia, as well as hostility towards the various peoples of the Caucasus, Central Asia, East Asia and Africa. According to the United Nations, Russia's Immigration to Russia, immigrant population is the world's third-largest, numbering over 11.6 million. Due to the country's declining population, and the low birth rates and high death rates of ethnic Russians, the Government of Russia, Russian government has tried to increase immigration to the country in the last decade; which has led to millions of migrants flow into Russia from mainly post-Soviet states, many of whom are illegal and remain undocumented. Under serious police pressure, the number of racist acts started to decline in Russia from 2009. In 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xenophobia
Xenophobia () is the fear or dislike of anything which is perceived as being foreign or strange. It is an expression of perceived conflict between an in-group and out-group and may manifest in suspicion by the one of the other's activities, a desire to eliminate their presence, and fear of losing national, ethnic, or racial identity.Guido Bolaffi. ''Dictionary of race, ethnicity and culture''. SAGE Publications Ltd., 2003. Pp. 332. Alternate definitions A 1997 review article on xenophobia holds that it is "an element of a political struggle about who has the right to be cared for by the state and society: a fight for the collective good of the modern state." According to Italian sociologist Guido Bolaffi, xenophobia can also be exhibited as an "''uncritical exaltation of another culture''" which is ascribed "''an unreal, stereotyped and exotic quality''". History Ancient Europe An early example of xenophobic sentiment in Western culture is the Ancient Greek denigratio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnic Discrimination
Discrimination is the act of making unjustified distinctions between people based on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they belong or are perceived to belong. People may be discriminated on the basis of race, gender, age, religion, disability, or sexual orientation, as well as other categories. Discrimination especially occurs when individuals or groups are unfairly treated in a way which is worse than other people are treated, on the basis of their actual or perceived membership in certain groups or social categories. It involves restricting members of one group from opportunities or privileges that are available to members of another group. Discriminatory traditions, policies, ideas, practices and laws exist in many countries and institutions in all parts of the world, including territories where discrimination is generally looked down upon. In some places, attempts such as quotas have been used to benefit those who are believed to be current or past victims ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racism
Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another. It may also mean prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against other people because they are of a different race or ethnicity. Modern variants of racism are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These views can take the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems in which different races are ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualities. There have been attempts to legitimize racist beliefs through scientific means, such as scientific racism, which have been overwhelmingly shown to be unfounded. In terms of political systems (e.g. apartheid) that support the expression of prejudice or aversion in discriminatory practices or laws, racist ideology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combat Terrorist Organization
The Combat Terrorist Organization (russian: Боевая террористическая организация) was a short-lived Russian neo-Nazi gang active from 9 August 2003 to 2006. It was formed in Saint Petersburg by two members of the skinhead group, namely, Dmitry Borovikov and Alexey Voyevodin. The gang used exceptional secrecy to hide their activities. In contrast to other neo-fascist groups, there were no skinheads among its members. The group also used exclusively confidential mobile phones to communicate. Authorities also discovered that they met very rarely in the open and avoided talking about ideology or tactics near power sockets, preferring to write their words on paper. On June 14, 2011, the trial of eight members of the group began, with member Pavel Rumyantsev tried separately. Ideology The gang's main symbol was the swastika. By means of murder and terrorism, Dmitry Borovikov waged a campaign "to clear" St. Petersburg ("Nevograd") of non-white ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tainy Sovetnik
Marcos Efraín Masís Fernández (born August 9, 1989), known professionally as Tainy, is a Puerto Rican record producer and songwriter. Born and raised in San Juan, Puerto Rico, he entered the world of reggaeton with his work on '' Mas Flow 2''. Leading a new wave of Latin music for over a decade, Tainy, has been the producer of some of the biggest reggaeton hits. A repeated Grammy and BMI Award winner, Tainy has been producing for countless artists, including reggaeton pioneers like Daddy Yankee, Wisin & Yandel, Don Omar and others. Recently, he has contributed to global hits like " I Like It" by Cardi B featuring Bad Bunny and J Balvin and "No Es Justo" by Balvin featuring Zion & Lennox. Tainy produced ''Oasis'' with Bad Bunny and Balvin, which dominated global charts and help Tainy position himself as the number one Latin producer on the ''Billboard'' charts for 27 consecutive weeks. Tainy also collaborated with Bad Bunny on the song "Callaíta" which had massive s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Republic (radical Group)
The Russian Republic,. referred to as the Russian Democratic Federal Republic. in the 1918 Constitution, was a short-lived state which controlled, '' de jure'', the territory of the former Russian Empire after its proclamation by the Russian Provisional Government on 1 September (14 September, ) 1917 in a decree signed by Alexander Kerensky as Minister-Chairman and Alexander Zarudny as Minister of Justice.The Russian Republic Proclaimed at prlib.ru, accessed 12 June 2017 The government of the Russian Republic was dissolved after the Bolsheviks [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Izvestia
''Izvestia'' ( rus, Известия, p=ɪzˈvʲesʲtʲɪjə, "The News") is a daily broadsheet newspaper in Russia. Founded in 1917, it was a newspaper of record in the Soviet Union until the Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991, and describes itself now as a "national newspaper" of Russia. The word ''izvestiya'' in Russian means "bring news" or "tidings", "herald" (an official messenger bringing news), derived from the verb ''izveshchat'' ("to inform", "to notify"). Origin The newspaper began as the ''News of the Petrograd Soviet of Workers Deputies'' on in Petrograd. Initially, the paper expressed Menshevik and Socialist-Revolutionary Party views. In August 1917, it took the title ''News of the Central Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies''. By October 1917 it became ''News of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Working and Military Deputies'', and was eventually re-titled ''News of the Soviets of People's Deputies'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian National Unity
Russian National Unity (RNU; transcribed Russkoe natsionalnoe edinstvo RNE) or All-Russian civic patriotic movement "Russian National Unity" (russian: Всероссийское общественное патриотическое движение "Русское национальное единство") was an unregistered neo-Nazi, irredentist group based in Russia and formerly operating in states with Russian-speaking populations. It was founded by the ultra-nationalist Alexander Barkashov. The movement advocated the expulsion of non-Russians and an increased role for traditional Russian institutions such as the Russian Orthodox Church. The organization was unregistered federally in Russia, but nonetheless collaborated on a limited basis with the Federal Security Service. The group was banned in Moscow in 1999 after which the group gradually split up in smaller groups and their webpage became defunct in 2006. Ideology, tactics and activities Promoting the notion of " Rus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neo-Nazi
Neo-Nazism comprises the post–World War II militant, social, and political movements that seek to revive and reinstate Nazism, Nazi ideology. Neo-Nazis employ their ideology to promote hatred and Supremacism#Racial, racial supremacy (often white supremacy), attack racial and ethnic minorities (often antisemitism and Islamophobia), and in some cases to create a fascist state. Neo-Nazism is a global phenomenon, with organized representation in many countries and international networks. It borrows elements from Nazi doctrine, including antisemitism, ultranationalism, racism, xenophobia, ableism, homophobia, anti-communism, and creating a "Fourth Reich". Holocaust denial is common in neo-Nazi circles. Neo-Nazis regularly display Nazi symbolism, Nazi symbols and express admiration for Adolf Hitler and other Nazi leaders. In some European and Latin American countries, laws prohibit the expression of pro-Nazi, racist, antisemitic, or homophobic views. Many Nazi-related symbols a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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