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New Jersey's 31st Legislative District
New Jersey's 31st Legislative District is one of 40 districts that make up the map for the New Jersey Legislature. It covers the Hudson County municipalities of Bayonne and most of Jersey City. Demographic information As of the 2020 United States census, the district had a population of 260,634, of whom 206,103 (79.1%) were of voting age. The racial makeup of the district was 81,195 (31.2%) White, 58,329 (22.4%) African American, 1,564 (0.6%) Native American, 56,549 (21.7%) Asian, 155 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 36,894 (14.2%) from some other race, and 25,948 (10.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 65,872 (25.3%) of the population. The district had 156,818 registered voters , of whom 54,099 (34.5%) were registered as unaffiliated, 85,197 (54.3%) were registered as Democrats, 14,795 (9.4%) were registered as Republicans, and 2,727 (1.7%) were registered to other parties. Political representation For the 2022–2023 session, the district is represe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandra Bolden Cunningham
Sandra Bolden Cunningham (born September 4, 1950) is an American Democratic Party politician, who has been serving in the New Jersey State Senate since 2007, where she represents the 31st Legislative District. She was sworn into office on November 8, 2007. She is the widow of former Jersey City Mayor Glenn Cunningham, who died in 2004. Early life and education Sandra Bolden was born on September 4, 1950, and was raised in Newark. She graduated from West Side High School and received a B.A. from Bloomfield College with a major in liberal arts. Early career Bolden was an actress and was a part of the Negro Ensemble Company. She became the executive of the Hudson County Bar Association in 1988 after working various county jobs in Essex County. Political career Following her husband's death, there were reports of interest by Cunningham to seek her late husband's Senate seat to which he was elected in 2003 and was reported to be considering a run for Mayor of Jersey Ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau (USCB), officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The Census Bureau is part of the U.S. Department of Commerce and its director is appointed by the President of the United States. The Census Bureau's primary mission is conducting the U.S. census every ten years, which allocates the seats of the U.S. House of Representatives to the states based on their population. The bureau's various censuses and surveys help allocate over $675 billion in federal funds every year and it assists states, local communities, and businesses make informed decisions. The information provided by the census informs decisions on where to build and maintain schools, hospitals, transportation infrastructure, and police and fire departments. In addition to the decennial census, the Census Bureau continually conducts over 130 surveys and pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Machine
In the politics of representative democracies, a political machine is a party organization that recruits its members by the use of tangible incentives (such as money or political jobs) and that is characterized by a high degree of leadership control over member activity. The machine's power is based on the ability of the boss or group to get out the vote for their candidates on election day. While these elements are common to most political parties and organizations, they are essential to political machines, which rely on hierarchy and rewards for political power, often enforced by a strong party whip structure. Machines sometimes have a political boss, typically rely on patronage, the spoils system, "behind-the-scenes" control, and longstanding political ties within the structure of a representative democracy. Machines typically are organized on a permanent basis instead of a single election or event. The term "machine" usually is used by its reform-minded enemies in a pejor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ward (electoral Subdivision)
A ward is a local authority area, typically used for electoral purposes. In some countries, wards are usually named after neighbourhoods, thoroughfares, parishes, landmarks, geographical features and in some cases historical figures connected to the area (e.g. William Morris Ward in the London Borough of Waltham Forest, England). It is common in the United States for wards to simply be numbered. Origins The word “ward”, for an electoral subdivision, appears to have originated in the Wards of the City of London, where gatherings for each ward known as “wardmotes” have taken place since the 12th century. The word was much later applied to divisions of other cities and towns in England and Wales and Ireland. In parts of northern England, a ''ward'' was an administrative subdivision of a county, very similar to a hundred in other parts of England. Present day In Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States, wards are an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Jersey's 10th Congressional District
New Jersey's 10th congressional district is an urban congressional district in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The district consists of portions of Essex, Hudson and Union counties, and includes the cities of Newark and Orange. The district is majority African American and has been represented in Congress by Democrat Donald Payne Jr. since November 2012. The district was previously represented by Donald Payne Jr.'s father, Donald M. Payne Sr., from 1989 to 2012, and became vacant as a result of the elder Payne's death on March 6, 2012. On November 15, 2012, Donald Payne Jr. was sworn into office and on January 3, 2013, he began serving his first full term. The 10th congressional district (together with the 9th) was created starting with the 58th United States Congress in 1903, based on redistricting predicated on the results of the 1900 census. Counties and municipalities in the district For the 118th and successive Congresses (based on redistricting following the 2020 Ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Jersey's 8th Congressional District
New Jersey's 8th congressional district is currently represented by Democrat Rob Menendez, who has served in Congress since January 2023. The district is majority Hispanic and includes some of the most urban areas of New Jersey, including parts of Newark and Jersey City, as well as Elizabeth. Counties and municipalities in the district For the 118th and successive Congresses (based on redistricting following the 2020 Census), the district contains all or portions of three counties and 13 municipalities. New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2021. Accessed November 5, 2022. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Jersey General Assembly
The New Jersey General Assembly is the lower house of the New Jersey Legislature. Since the election of 1967 (1968 Session), the Assembly has consisted of 80 members. Two members are elected from each of New Jersey's 40 legislative districts for a term of two years, each representing districts with average populations of 232,225 (2020 figures), with deviation in each district not exceeding 3.21% above and below that average. To be eligible to run, a potential candidate must be at least 21 years of age, and must have lived in their district for at least one year prior to the election, and have lived in the state of New Jersey for two years. They also must be residents of their districts. Membership in the Assembly is considered a part-time job, and many members have employment in addition to their legislative work. Assembly members serve two-year terms, elected every odd-numbered year in November. Four current members of the Assembly hold other elective office, as they are grand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Jersey Senate
The New Jersey Senate was established as the upper house of the New Jersey Legislature by the Constitution of 1844, replacing the Legislative Council. There are 40 legislative districts, representing districts with an average population of 232,225 (2020 figure). Each district has one senator and two members of the New Jersey General Assembly, the lower house of the legislature. Prior to the election in which they are chosen, senators must be a minimum of 30 years old and a resident of the state for four years to be eligible to serve in office. From 1844 until 1965 (when the '' Reynolds v. Sims'' US Supreme Court decision mandated all state legislators be elected from districts of roughly equal population), each county was an electoral district electing one senator. Under the 1844 Constitution, the term of office was three years, which was changed to four years with the 1947 Constitution. Since 1968 the Senate has consisted of 40 senators, who are elected in a "2-4-4" cycle. Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
220th New Jersey Legislature
The 220th New Jersey Legislature began on January 11, 2022, following the 2021 elections for Assembly and Senate. It will end on January 9, 2024. Assembly Assembly composition Assembly leadership Assembly members The Assembly consists of 80 members, two for each district. Notes † First appointed to the seat ‡ Dunn was appointed to the seat in November 2019. The appointment expired at the conclusion of the 2018–19 term in January 2020. She was reappointed again in February 2020 after the start of the next term, and then won the seat in a special election in November 2020. ± Kean previously served in the Assembly from 2002 to 2008 * Caputo had served as a Republican during a previous stint in the Assembly from 1968 to 1972 Senate Senate composition Senate leadership Senate members The Senate consists of 40 members, one for each district. Notes † First appointed to the seat ‡ Elected in a special election See also * 2021 New Jersey General Assembly el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Jersey Department Of State
The secretary of state of New Jersey oversees the Department of State, which is one of the original state offices. The Secretary is responsible for overseeing artistic, cultural, and historical programs within the U.S. state of New Jersey, as well as volunteerism and community service projects within the state and is also the keeper of the Great Seal of the State. The Secretary is appointed by the Governor. The department's agencies include the State Archives, the New Jersey State Museum, the Division of Elections, the Division of Programs, the Business Action Center, the Council on the Arts, the Historical Commission, the Cultural Based Initiatives, the Center for Hispanic Research and Development, the Office for Planning Advocacy and the State Planning Commission. The Secretary of Higher Education, the Higher Education Student Assistance Authority, the State Library and the Sports and Exposition Authority are in but not of the department. The New Jersey Division of Archi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP ("Grand Old Party"), is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States. The GOP was founded in 1854 by anti-slavery activists who opposed the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which allowed for the potential expansion of chattel slavery into the western territories. Since Ronald Reagan's presidency in the 1980s, conservatism has been the dominant ideology of the GOP. It has been the main political rival of the Democratic Party since the mid-1850s. The Republican Party's intellectual predecessor is considered to be Northern members of the Whig Party, with Republican presidents Abraham Lincoln, Rutherford B. Hayes, Chester A. Arthur, and Benjamin Harrison all being Whigs before switching to the party, from which they were elected. The collapse of the Whigs, which had previously been one of the two major parties in the country, strengthened the party's electoral success. Upon its founding, it supporte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Party (United States)
The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States. Founded in 1828, it was predominantly built by Martin Van Buren, who assembled a wide cadre of politicians in every state behind war hero Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest active political party.M. Philip Lucas, "Martin Van Buren as Party Leader and at Andrew Jackson's Right Hand." in ''A Companion to the Antebellum Presidents 1837–1861'' (2014): 107–129."The Democratic Party, founded in 1828, is the world's oldest political party" states Its main political rival has been the Republican Party since the 1850s. The party is a big tent, and though it is often described as liberal, it is less ideologically uniform than the Republican Party (with major individuals within it frequently holding widely different political views) due to the broader list of unique voting blocs that compose it. The historical predecessor of the Democratic Party is considered to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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