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Nervous System Network Models
Network of human nervous system comprises nodes (for example, neurons) that are connected by links (for example, synapses). The connectivity may be viewed anatomically, functionally, or electrophysiologically. These are presented in several Wikipedia articles that include Connectionism (a.k.a. Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP)), Biological neural network, Artificial neural network (a.k.a. Neural network), Computational neuroscience, as well as in several books by Ascoli, G. A. (2002),Ascoli, G.A. (Ed). (2002). Computational Neuroanatomy: Principles and Methods. Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press. Sterratt, D., Graham, B., Gillies, A., & Willshaw, D. (2011),Sterratt, D., Graham, B., Gillies, A., & Willshaw, D. Ch 9 (2011). Principles of Computational Modelling in Neuroscience, Chapter 9. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Gerstner, W., & Kistler, W. (2002),Gerstner, W. and Kistler, W. (2002). Spiking Neuron Models, Chapter 9. Cambridge, U. K.: Cambridge University Press. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Connectionism
Connectionism refers to both an approach in the field of cognitive science that hopes to explain mental phenomena using artificial neural networks (ANN) and to a wide range of techniques and algorithms using ANNs in the context of artificial intelligence to build more intelligent machines. Connectionism presents a cognitive theory based on simultaneously occurring, distributed signal activity via connections that can be represented numerically, where learning occurs by modifying connection strengths based on experience. Some advantages of the connectionist approach include its applicability to a broad array of functions, structural approximation to biological neurons, low requirements for innate structure, and capacity for graceful degradation. Some disadvantages include the difficulty in deciphering how ANNs process information, or account for the compositionality of mental representations, and a resultant difficulty explaining phenomena at a higher level. The success of deep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cybernetics
Cybernetics is a wide-ranging field concerned with circular causality, such as feedback, in regulatory and purposive systems. Cybernetics is named after an example of circular causal feedback, that of steering a ship, where the helmsperson maintains a steady course in a changing environment by adjusting their steering in continual response to the effect it is observed as having. Cybernetics is concerned with circular causal processes such as steering however they are embodied,Ashby, W. R. (1956). An introduction to cybernetics. London: Chapman & Hall, p. 1. including in ecological, technological, biological, cognitive, and social systems, and in the context of practical activities such as designing, learning, managing, conversation, and the practice of cybernetics itself. Cybernetics' transdisciplinary and "antidisciplinary" character has meant that it intersects with a number of other fields, leading to it having both wide influence and diverse interpretations. Cybernetics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triune Brain
The triune brain is a model of the evolution of the vertebrate forebrain and behavior, proposed by the American physician and neuroscientist Paul D. MacLean in the 1960s. The triune brain consists of the reptilian complex (basal ganglia), the paleomammalian complex (limbic system), and the neomammalian complex (neocortex), viewed each as independently conscious, and as structures sequentially added to the forebrain in the course of evolution. The basal ganglia is in charge of our primal instincts, the limbic system is in charge of our emotions and the neocortex is responsible for objective or rational thoughts. Since the 1970s, in some circles of evolutionary and developmental neuroscience, the concept of the triune brain has been subject to criticism and is regarded as a myth. Due to its longevity, the triune brain idea has also been called "one of the most successful and widespread errors in all of science." as the hypothesis is no longer espoused by the majority of comparativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-spiking Neuron
Non-spiking neurons are neurons that are located in the central and peripheral nervous systems and function as intermediary relays for sensory-motor neurons. They do not exhibit the characteristic spiking behavior of action potential generating neurons. Non-spiking neural networks are integrated with spiking neural networks to have a synergistic effect in being able to stimulate some sensory or motor response while also being able to modulate the response. Discovery Animal models There are an abundance of neurons that propagate signals via action potentials and the mechanics of this particular kind of transmission is well understood. Spiking neurons exhibit action potentials as a result of a neuron characteristic known as membrane potential. Through studying these complex spiking networks in animals, a neuron that did not exhibit characteristic spiking behavior was discovered. These neurons use a graded potential to transmit data as they lack the membrane potential tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Small-world Network
A small-world network is a type of mathematical graph in which most nodes are not neighbors of one another, but the neighbors of any given node are likely to be neighbors of each other and most nodes can be reached from every other node by a small number of hops or steps. Specifically, a small-world network is defined to be a network where the typical distance ''L'' between two randomly chosen nodes (the number of steps required) grows proportionally to the logarithm of the number of nodes ''N'' in the network, that is: :L \propto \log N while the global clustering coefficient is not small. In the context of a social network, this results in the small world phenomenon of strangers being linked by a short chain of acquaintances. Many empirical graphs show the small-world effect, including social networks, wikis such as Wikipedia, gene networks, and even the underlying architecture of the Internet. It is the inspiration for many network-on-chip architectures in contempo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Figure 6 Neuron Model
Figure may refer to: General *A shape, drawing, depiction, or geometric configuration *Figure (wood), wood appearance *Figure (music), distinguished from musical motif *Noise figure, in telecommunication *Dance figure, an elementary dance pattern *A person's figure, human physical appearance Arts *Figurine, a miniature statuette representation of a creature *Action figure, a posable jointed solid plastic character figurine *Figure painting, realistic representation, especially of the human form *Figure drawing *Model figure, a scale model of a creature Writing *figure, in writing, a type of floating block (text, table, or graphic separate from the main text) * Figure of speech, also called a rhetorical figure *Christ figure, a type of character * in typesetting, text figures and lining figures Accounting *Figure, a synonym for number *Significant figures in a decimal number Science * Figure of the Earth, the size and shape of the Earth in geodesy Sports *Figure (horse), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Figure 5 Membrane Model
Figure may refer to: General *A shape, drawing, depiction, or geometric configuration *Figure (wood), wood appearance *Figure (music), distinguished from musical motif *Noise figure, in telecommunication *Dance figure, an elementary dance pattern *A person's figure, human physical appearance Arts *Figurine, a miniature statuette representation of a creature *Action figure, a posable jointed solid plastic character figurine *Figure painting, realistic representation, especially of the human form *Figure drawing *Model figure, a scale model of a creature Writing *figure, in writing, a type of floating block (text, table, or graphic separate from the main text) *Figure of speech, also called a rhetorical figure *Christ figure, a type of character * in typesetting, text figures and lining figures Accounting *Figure, a synonym for number *Significant figures in a decimal number Science *Figure of the Earth, the size and shape of the Earth in geodesy Sports *Figure (horse), a sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Figure 4 (b) Basic MLP Technology Model , a Canadian metalcore band
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The term figure-four may refer to: *Figure-four (grappling hold), a type of grappling hold *Figure-four (climbing technique), a technique employed in technical climbing, particularly ice climbing *A descriptor of a professional wrestling hold; most notably the Figure four leglock * Figure-four pin, a professional wrestling pin * Figure Four (''Battle Angel Alita''), a fictional character in the ''Battle Angel Alita'' manga series *Figure Four The Figure Four is a Canadian hardcore punk band, started in December 1997, and recorded 3 albums since. The band usually performs songs of the hardcore punk and metalcore genres. The band is currently on hiatus. Biography Figure Four started ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Figure 4(a) , a Canadian metalcore band
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The term figure-four may refer to: *Figure-four (grappling hold), a type of grappling hold *Figure-four (climbing technique), a technique employed in technical climbing, particularly ice climbing *A descriptor of a professional wrestling hold; most notably the Figure four leglock * Figure-four pin, a professional wrestling pin * Figure Four (''Battle Angel Alita''), a fictional character in the ''Battle Angel Alita'' manga series *Figure Four The Figure Four is a Canadian hardcore punk band, started in December 1997, and recorded 3 albums since. The band usually performs songs of the hardcore punk and metalcore genres. The band is currently on hiatus. Biography Figure Four started ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Figure 2-Types Of Brain Connectivity
Figure may refer to: General *A shape, drawing, depiction, or geometric configuration *Figure (wood), wood appearance *Figure (music), distinguished from musical motif *Noise figure, in telecommunication *Dance figure, an elementary dance pattern *A person's figure, human physical appearance Arts *Figurine, a miniature statuette representation of a creature *Action figure, a posable jointed solid plastic character figurine *Figure painting, realistic representation, especially of the human form *Figure drawing *Model figure, a scale model of a creature Writing *figure, in writing, a type of floating block (text, table, or graphic separate from the main text) *Figure of speech, also called a rhetorical figure *Christ figure, a type of character * in typesetting, text figures and lining figures Accounting *Figure, a synonym for number *Significant figures in a decimal number Science *Figure of the Earth, the size and shape of the Earth in geodesy Sports *Figure (horse), a sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triune Brain
The triune brain is a model of the evolution of the vertebrate forebrain and behavior, proposed by the American physician and neuroscientist Paul D. MacLean in the 1960s. The triune brain consists of the reptilian complex (basal ganglia), the paleomammalian complex (limbic system), and the neomammalian complex (neocortex), viewed each as independently conscious, and as structures sequentially added to the forebrain in the course of evolution. The basal ganglia is in charge of our primal instincts, the limbic system is in charge of our emotions and the neocortex is responsible for objective or rational thoughts. Since the 1970s, in some circles of evolutionary and developmental neuroscience, the concept of the triune brain has been subject to criticism and is regarded as a myth. Due to its longevity, the triune brain idea has also been called "one of the most successful and widespread errors in all of science." as the hypothesis is no longer espoused by the majority of comparativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norbert Wiener
Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964) was an American mathematician and philosopher. He was a professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). A child prodigy, Wiener later became an early researcher in stochastic and mathematical noise processes, contributing work relevant to electronic engineering, electronic communication, and control systems. Wiener is considered the originator of cybernetics, the science of communication as it relates to living things and machines, with implications for engineering, systems control, computer science, biology, neuroscience, philosophy, and the organization of society. Norbert Wiener is credited as being one of the first to theorize that all intelligent behavior was the result of feedback mechanisms, that could possibly be simulated by machines and was an important early step towards the development of modern artificial intelligence. Biography Youth Wiener was born in Columbia, Missouri, the first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
