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Neogregarinorida
The Neogregarinorida are an order of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this order infect insects and are usually found in the fat body, hemolymph, hypodermis, intestine or Malpighian tubules. The most common site of infection is the fat body: many species are pathogenic for their hosts. The species in this order are predominantly intracellular parasites. Taxonomy Six families are in this order, with 13 genera. The type genus is '' Ophryocystis''. Two families ( Ophryocystidae and Schizocystidae) belong to the suborder Schizogregarinina. They appear to have evolved from the Eugregarinorida. Merogony as part of the life cycle separates them from the Eugregarinorida and appears to have been derived as a secondary characteristic. A phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit RNA suggests ''Ophryocystis'' may actually be a eugregarine rather than a neogregarine. General characteristics * Merogony, gamogony and sporogony are present in all species * The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ophryocystidae
The Ophryocystidae are a family of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.Leger L (1907) Les schizogregarines des tracheates. L Le genre Ophryocystis. Arch. Prot. 8: 159-202 Species in this family infect insects ( Coleoptera and Lepidoptera). History This family was created by Léger and Duboscq in 1908. Taxonomy One genus is placed in this family - '' Ophryocystis'' - with at least 10 species. This is the type family of the order ''Neogregarinorida''. Lifecycle Most species in this family infect the Malpighian tubes of beetles. The trophozoite is conical in shape. Two types of schizogony occur in this family. In the first type the schizonts divide into merozoites with small nuclei. These are known as mycetoids merozoites. These develop into trophozoites. In the second form and more common form, the schizonts divide into merozoites with large nuclei: these are known as gregarinoid merozoites and give rise to gametocytes. The merozoites are uninucleated, pyriform cells. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schizogregarinina
Schizogregarinina is a superfamily in the phylum Apicomplexia. History This superfamily was created by Léger in 1907.Léger L (1907) Les schizogregarines des tracheates. Le genre ''Ophryocystis''. Arch Prot 8: 159-202 Taxonomy There are two families ( Ophryocystidae and Schizocystidae) in this suborder. General characteristics Species in this superfamily infect the intestines of arthropods, annelids and tunicates. The trophozoite A trophozoite (G. ''trope'', nourishment + ''zoon'', animal) is the activated, feeding stage in the life cycle of certain protozoa such as malaria-causing ''Plasmodium falciparum'' and those of the ''Giardia'' group. (The complement of the trophozoi ...s may develop intracellularly or extracellularly. In species where the trophozoites develop extracellularly, they are attached by an epimerite. When the schizonts develop they appear like a bunch of grapes attached to the cell. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q21012948 Conoidasida SAR supergro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apicomplexa
The Apicomplexa (also called Apicomplexia) are a large phylum of parasitic alveolates. Most of them possess a unique form of organelle that comprises a type of non-photosynthetic plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure. The organelle is an adaptation that the apicomplexan applies in penetration of a host cell. The Apicomplexa are unicellular and spore-forming. All species are obligate endoparasites of animals, except ''Nephromyces'', a symbiont in marine animals, originally classified as a chytrid fungus. Motile structures such as flagella or pseudopods are present only in certain gamete stages. The Apicomplexa are a diverse group that includes organisms such as the coccidia, gregarines, piroplasms, haemogregarines, and plasmodia. Diseases caused by Apicomplexa include: * Babesiosis (''Babesia'') * Malaria ('' Plasmodium'') * Cryptosporidiosis (''Cryptosporidium parvum'') * Cyclosporiasis (''Cyclospora cayetanensis'') * Cystoisosporiasis (''Cystoiso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregarinasina
The gregarines are a group of Apicomplexan alveolates, classified as the Gregarinasina or Gregarinia. The large (roughly half a millimeter) parasites inhabit the intestines of many invertebrates. They are not found in any vertebrates. However, gregarines are closely related to both ''Toxoplasma'' and ''Plasmodium'', which cause toxoplasmosis and malaria, respectively. Both protists use protein complexes similar to those that are formed by the gregarines for gliding motility and invading target cells. This makes them excellent models for studying gliding motility with the goal of developing treatment options for toxoplasmosis and malaria. Thousands of different species of gregarines are expected to be found in insects, and 99% of these gregarines still need to be described. Each insect can be the host of multiple species. One of the most studied gregarines is '' Gregarina garnhami''. In general, gregarines are regarded as very successful parasites, as their hosts are spread over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caulleryellidae
The Caulleryellidae are a family of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this family mostly infect dipteran larvae. History This family was created by the parasitologist David Keilin in 1914.Keilin D (1914) CR Soc Biol Paris 76 (1) 768 Taxonomy Two genera are placed in this family - '' Caulleryella'' with five species and '' Tipulocystis'' with one. The type species is '' Caulleryellida aphiochaetae''. Lifecycle Species in the family are generally spread by the oral-faecal route. Replication occurs in the gut. Development is extracellular. The parasites develop attached to the host cell by an epimerite. Merogony occurs when nuclei are peripheral within the cell. The merozoites form a bouquet structure around the parent cell. The gamonts are elongated with an anterior neck. The gamete A gamete (; , ultimately ) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually. Gametes are an organism's re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gigaductidae
The Gigaductidae are a family of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this family infect Coleoptera (beetles) and Orthoptera Orthoptera () is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets, including closely related insects, such as the bush crickets or katydids and wētā. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – grassh ... (grasshoppers). History This family was created in 1948 by Filipponi.Filipponi A (1948) ''Gigaductus macrospora'' n. sp. revisione del genere ''Gigaductus''. Insitutzione della nuova famiglia ''Gigaductidae'' (Gregarinida). Archivio Zoologico Italiano 33:293–331 Taxonomy There is one genus in this family - '' Gigaductus''. The type species in this family (and genus) is '' Gigaductus anchi''. Several other species in this family have described and these include '' Gigaductus aficanus'', '' Gigaductus agoni'', '' Gigaductus americanus'' and '' Gigaductus anchi''. Lifecycle The species in thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lipotrophidae
The Lipotrophidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this family infect insects (Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera). History This family was created by Grasse in 1953. Taxonomy Six genera are currently recognised in this family. Lifecycle Merogony generally occurs by budding from surface of meront to form uniformly sized merozoites. The gametes are similar ( isogametes) and fuse to form navicular oocyst Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism is ...s which have pronounced polar thickenings. The oocysts contain eight (rarely four) sporozoites. References Apicomplexa families Parasites of insects {{Apicomplexa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schizocystidae
The Schizocystidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this family infect insects (Diptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera). History This family was created by Léger and Duboscq in 1908. Taxonomy Three genera are currently recognised in this family. The type genus is ''Schizocystis''. Lifecycle The parasites develop in extracellular locations. The trophozoites are large, band like and wide. They have longitudinal striae and are aseptate. A mucron of small pseudopods or sucker is present. The nuclei are large. Merogony occurs once in the lifecycle. Nuclear division proceeds with binary fission during growth. Cytokinesis occurs to form uninucleate merozoites arranged in clusters in the shape of the trophozoite. The merozoites become free by dropping off the parent trophozoite. Gamonts, gametocysts and oocysts are of the actinocephalid type with syzygy occurring just before gametocyst formation. The young gamonts are vermiform (wormlike). Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syncystidae
The Syncystidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this family infect insects (Aeshnidae). History This family was described by Schneider in 1886. Taxonomy One genus and two species ('' Syncystis aeshnae'', '' Syncystis mirabilis'') are currently recognised in this family.Tuzet O, Manier JF (1953) ''Syncystis aeschnae'' n.sp. Néogrégarine (Schizogrégarine, Léger, 1900) parasite des larves d'Aeschna. Ann Nat Sci Zool IIe ser 15:241-246 The type species is '' Syncystis mirabilis'' Schneider 1886. Lifecycle The development of these parasites is mostly intracellular. Merogony results in the formation of about 150 elongate, slender merozoites which become spheroidal as they differentiate into amoeboid or spheroidal gamonts. The gamonts associate in syzygy and subdivide into gametes. Fusion of the gametes leads to numerous zygotes within the gametocyst which is either spherical or bilobed. Numerous (30 to 150) oocysts are formed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protozoal Merogony
Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism is typified by a ''cellular variety'' with a distinct morphology and biochemistry. Not all apicomplexa develop all the following cellular varieties and division methods. This presentation is intended as an outline of a hypothetical generalised apicomplexan organism. Methods of asexual replication Apicomplexans (sporozoans) replicate via ways of multiple fission (also known as schizogony). These ways include , and , although the latter is sometimes referred to as schizogony, despite its general meaning. Merogony is an asexually reproductive process of apicomplexa. After infecting a host cell, a trophozoite ( see glossary below) increases in size while repeatedly replicating its nucleus and other organelles. During this process, the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gamogony
Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism is typified by a ''cellular variety'' with a distinct morphology and biochemistry. Not all apicomplexa develop all the following cellular varieties and division methods. This presentation is intended as an outline of a hypothetical generalised apicomplexan organism. Methods of asexual replication Apicomplexans (sporozoans) replicate via ways of multiple fission (also known as schizogony). These ways include , and , although the latter is sometimes referred to as schizogony, despite its general meaning. Merogony is an asexually reproductive process of apicomplexa. After infecting a host cell, a trophozoite ( see glossary below) increases in size while repeatedly replicating its nucleus and other organelles. During this process, the or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
