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Neodusmetia Sangwani
''Neodusmetia sangwani'' is an encyrtid parasitoid from India that was used in classical biological control of the Rhodesgrass Scale, ''Antonina graminis'' (Maskell) (Pseudococcidae) which is a major pest of grasses outside of its native range in Asia. The parasitoid was successfully controlled the scale infestation in Texas in the 1950s and 60s. It is considered among the most successful examples of classical biological control. The species was first described by the Indian entomologist B. R. Subba Rao in 1957. The type was obtained from ''Antonina graminis'' in Hessarghatta, Bangalore by H.S. Sangwan after whom the species is named. The species completes one generation in about 20 days at 30 °C and about 50 to 60 days at 20 °C. The females are wingless, and short-lived while males have wings. In the two days lifespan, females lay about 6 eggs inside about 5 host scales. The control of rhodesgrass scale in Texas in the 1960s is considered one of the success stories ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encyrtidae
Encyrtidae is a large family of parasitic wasps, with some 3710 described species in about 455 genera. The larvae of the majority are primary parasitoids on Hemiptera, though other hosts are attacked, and details of the life history can be variable (e.g., some attack eggs, some attack larvae, others are hyperparasites, and some Encyrtidae develop as parasitoids of ticks). They are found throughout the world in virtually all habitats, and are extremely important as biological control agents. They may also present as an ecological threat to the population of some species. For example, the endangered ''Papilio homerus'' butterfly is parasitized at a rate of 77%, making them the main contributor to egg mortality in this (and other) butterfly species. Some species exhibit a remarkable developmental phenomenon called "polyembryony", in which a single egg multiplies clonally in the host and produces large numbers of identical adult wasps. Even more remarkably, some of the larvae are larg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitoid
In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable strategy, evolutionary strategies within parasitism, distinguished by the fatal prognosis for the host, which makes the strategy close to predation. Among parasitoids, strategies range from living inside the host (''endoparasitism''), allowing it to continue growing before emerging as an adult, to Paralysis, paralysing the host and living outside it (''ectoparasitism''). Hosts can include other parasitoids, resulting in hyperparasitism; in the case of oak galls, up to five levels of parasitism are possible. Some parasitoids Behavior-altering parasite, influence their host's behaviour in ways that favour the propagation of the parasitoid. Parasitoids are found in a variety of Taxon, taxa across the insect superorder Endopterygota, whose compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonina Graminis
''Antonina graminis'' or Rhodes grass scale is a species of mealybug in the family Pseudococcidae. In the 1940s the species, originating in Asia, infested nearly 69 species fodder and turf grasses in Texas causing major economic loss. Classical biological control was made use of in the 1950s and 60s with nearly complete control achieved after the aerial introduction of a wingless encyrtid parasite from India, ''Neodusmetia sangwani ''Neodusmetia sangwani'' is an encyrtid parasitoid from India that was used in classical biological control of the Rhodesgrass Scale, '' Antonina graminis'' (Maskell) ( Pseudococcidae) which is a major pest of grasses outside of its native range ...''. By 1976 the control was a complete success and nearly 17 million USD was estimated as savings due to the parasite. References Further reading * * * * Insects described in 1897 Pseudococcidae {{Coccoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mealybug
Mealybugs are insects in the family (biology), family Pseudococcidae, unarmored scale insects found in moist, warm habitats. Many species are considered pest (animal), pests as they feed on plant juices of greenhouse plants, house plants and subtropical trees and also act as a vector (epidemiology), vector for several plant diseases. Some ants live in symbiotic Ant#Relationships with other organisms, relationships with them, protecting them from predators and feeding off the Honeydew (secretion), honeydew which they excrete. Description Mealybugs are Sexual dimorphism, sexually dimorphic: females appear as nymphs, exhibiting reduced morphology, and lack wings, although unlike many female scale insects, they often retain legs and can move. Males are smaller, gnat-like and have wings. Since mealybugs (as well as all other Hemiptera) are hemimetabolous insects, they do not undergo complete metamorphosis in the true sense of the word. However, male mealybugs do exhibit a radical cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hesaraghatta Lake
Hesaraghatta Lake is a manmade reservoir located 18 km to the north-west of Bengaluru in Karnataka state, India. It is a fresh water lake created in the year 1894 across the Arkavathy River to meet the drinking water needs of the city. Sir K. Seshadri Iyer, the then Dewan of erstwhile Mysore state and the then Chief Engineer of Mysuru, M. C. Hutchins, planned to build the scheme called the "Chamarajendra Water Works" to store a three-years' water supply to the city. Access The lake is approachable by road from Bengaluru at a distance of 26.5 km to the north-west of the City.http://www.geopassage.com/India/attraction/Bangalore/Hesarghatta.htm Hesarghatta Topography The total catchment area draining into the Lake at the dam built on the River Arkavati is 73.84 km2 (2189 mi2), out of which the direct draining catchment is 2.68 km2 (6.86 sq mi2). There are 184 tanks built in the Arkavati river basin upstream of the Hesaraghatta lake. The River Arkavati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Pest Control
Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, such as insects, mites, weeds, and plant diseases, using other organisms. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human management role. It can be an important component of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. There are three basic strategies for biological pest control: classical (importation), where a natural enemy of a pest is introduced in the hope of achieving control; inductive (augmentation), in which a large population of natural enemies are administered for quick pest control; and inoculative (conservation), in which measures are taken to maintain natural enemies through regular reestablishment. Natural enemies of insect pests, also known as biological control agents, include predators, parasitoids, pathogens, and competitors. Biological control agents of plant diseases are most often referred to as antagonists. Biologic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anagyrus Antoninae
''Anagyrus'' is a large genus of parasitic wasps from the family Encyrtidae. ''Anagyrus'' is distributed throughout the world. A subgenus of ''Anagyrus'' is known as ''Nesoanagyrus'' (Beardsley 1969) Species There are at least 247 species in this genus which consists of: * '' Anagyrus abatos'' (Noyes & Menezes, 2000) * '' Anagyrus abdulrassouli'' (Myartseva, Sugonjaev & Trjapitzin, 1982) *'' Anagyrus abyssinicus'' Compere, 1939 *'' Anagyrus aceris'' Noyes & Hayat, 1994 *'' Anagyrus aciculatus'' (Blanchard, 1940) *'' Anagyrus adamsoni'' Timberlake, 1941 *'' Anagyrus aega'' Noyes, 2000 *'' Anagyrus aegyptiacus'' Moursi, 1948 *'' Anagyrus agraensis'' Saraswat 1975 *'' Anagyrus alami'' Hayat 1970 *'' Anagyrus albatus'' Myartseva, 1982 *'' Anagyrus aligarhensis'' Agarwal & Alam 1959 *'' Anagyrus almoriensis'' Shafee, Alam & Agarwal, 1975 *''Anagyrus amnicus'' Prinsloo, 1985 *'' Anagyrus amoenus'' Compere, 1939 *'' Anagyrus amudaryensis'' (Myartseva, 1982) *'' Anagyrus ananatis'' Gah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weslaco, Texas
Weslaco is a city in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was 41,103, and in 2020 the estimated population was 41,103. It is located at the southern tip of Texas in the Rio Grande Valley near the Mexican border, across the Rio Grande from the city of Nuevo Progreso, Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas. Weslaco derives its name from the W.E. Stewart Land Company. It was the hometown of Harlon Block, one of the Marines photographed raising the flag at Iwo Jima, and of film and television actor David Spielberg. Streets north of the railroad tracks have Spanish names, and streets south of the railroad tracks bear names in English, as a consequence of a 1921 municipal ordinance which declared that land north of the tracks be reserved for Hispanic residences and businesses, and land south of the tracks be reserved for "Anglo" residences and businesses. During World War II, sandbag production reached a peak in Weslaco, and the town declared itself the "s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
