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Natronomonas
''Natronomonas'' (common abbreviation ''Nmn.''). is a genus of the Halobacteriaceae.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Natronomonas Data extracted from the Description and significance ''Natronomonas pharaonis'' is an aerobic, extremely haloalkaliphilic archaeon that grows optimally in 3.5M sodium chloride and at pH 8.5, but is sensitive to high magnesium concentrations. Genome structure The genome of ''Natronomonas pharaonis'' consists of three circular replicons, the chromosome which is 2,595,221 bp in length, a typical haloarchaeal 131-kb plasmid, and a unique multicopy 23-kb plasmid. Its chromosome has a high G + C content (63.4%). Also, a high proportion of acidic amino acids (average 19.3%) is found in the proteins of ''N. pharaonis'' which results in low isoelectric points (average pI 4.6). This is considered to be one of the adaptive features of haloarchaea, which are known to apply the salt-in strategy (high internal salt concentrations) in order to survive in their hype ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natronomonas Gomsonensis
''Natronomonas'' (common abbreviation ''Nmn.''). is a genus (biology), genus of the Halobacteriaceae.See the National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI]webpage on Natronomonas Data extracted from the Description and significance ''Natronomonas pharaonis'' is an aerobic organism, aerobic, extremely haloalkaliphilic archaea, archaeon that grows optimally in 3.5M sodium chloride and at pH 8.5, but is sensitive to high magnesium concentrations. Genome structure The genome of ''Natronomonas pharaonis'' consists of three circular replicons, the chromosome which is 2,595,221 bp in length, a typical haloarchaeal 131-kb plasmid, and a unique multicopy 23-kb plasmid. Its chromosome has a high G + C content (63.4%). Also, a high proportion of acidic amino acids (average 19.3%) is found in the proteins of ''N. pharaonis'' which results in low isoelectric points (average pI 4.6). This is considered to be one of the adaptive features of haloarchaea, which are known to apply the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natronomonas Halophila
''Natronomonas'' (common abbreviation ''Nmn.''). is a genus of the Halobacteriaceae.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Natronomonas Data extracted from the Description and significance ''Natronomonas pharaonis'' is an aerobic, extremely haloalkaliphilic archaeon that grows optimally in 3.5M sodium chloride and at pH 8.5, but is sensitive to high magnesium concentrations. Genome structure The genome of ''Natronomonas pharaonis'' consists of three circular replicons, the chromosome which is 2,595,221 bp in length, a typical haloarchaeal 131-kb plasmid, and a unique multicopy 23-kb plasmid. Its chromosome has a high G + C content (63.4%). Also, a high proportion of acidic amino acids (average 19.3%) is found in the proteins of ''N. pharaonis'' which results in low isoelectric points (average pI 4.6). This is considered to be one of the adaptive features of haloarchaea, which are known to apply the salt-in strategy (high internal salt concentrations) in order to survive in their hype ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natronomonas Moolapensis
''Natronomonas'' (common abbreviation ''Nmn.''). is a genus of the Halobacteriaceae.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Natronomonas Data extracted from the Description and significance ''Natronomonas pharaonis'' is an aerobic, extremely haloalkaliphilic archaeon that grows optimally in 3.5M sodium chloride and at pH 8.5, but is sensitive to high magnesium concentrations. Genome structure The genome of ''Natronomonas pharaonis'' consists of three circular replicons, the chromosome which is 2,595,221 bp in length, a typical haloarchaeal 131-kb plasmid, and a unique multicopy 23-kb plasmid. Its chromosome has a high G + C content (63.4%). Also, a high proportion of acidic amino acids (average 19.3%) is found in the proteins of ''N. pharaonis'' which results in low isoelectric points (average pI 4.6). This is considered to be one of the adaptive features of haloarchaea, which are known to apply the salt-in strategy (high internal salt concentrations) in order to survive in their hype ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natronomonas Pharaonis
''Natronomonas'' (common abbreviation ''Nmn.''). is a genus of the Halobacteriaceae.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Natronomonas Data extracted from the Description and significance ''Natronomonas pharaonis'' is an aerobic, extremely haloalkaliphilic archaeon that grows optimally in 3.5M sodium chloride and at pH 8.5, but is sensitive to high magnesium concentrations. Genome structure The genome of ''Natronomonas pharaonis'' consists of three circular replicons, the chromosome which is 2,595,221 bp in length, a typical haloarchaeal 131-kb plasmid, and a unique multicopy 23-kb plasmid. Its chromosome has a high G + C content (63.4%). Also, a high proportion of acidic amino acids (average 19.3%) is found in the proteins of ''N. pharaonis'' which results in low isoelectric points (average pI 4.6). This is considered to be one of the adaptive features of haloarchaea, which are known to apply the salt-in strategy (high internal salt concentrations) in order to survive in their hyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natronomonas Salina
''Natronomonas'' (common abbreviation ''Nmn.''). is a genus of the Halobacteriaceae.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Natronomonas Data extracted from the Description and significance ''Natronomonas pharaonis'' is an aerobic, extremely haloalkaliphilic archaeon that grows optimally in 3.5M sodium chloride and at pH 8.5, but is sensitive to high magnesium concentrations. Genome structure The genome of ''Natronomonas pharaonis'' consists of three circular replicons, the chromosome which is 2,595,221 bp in length, a typical haloarchaeal 131-kb plasmid, and a unique multicopy 23-kb plasmid. Its chromosome has a high G + C content (63.4%). Also, a high proportion of acidic amino acids (average 19.3%) is found in the proteins of ''N. pharaonis'' which results in low isoelectric points (average pI 4.6). This is considered to be one of the adaptive features of haloarchaea, which are known to apply the salt-in strategy (high internal salt concentrations) in order to survive in their hype ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natronomonas Salsuginis
''Natronomonas'' (common abbreviation ''Nmn.''). is a genus of the Halobacteriaceae.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Natronomonas Data extracted from the Description and significance ''Natronomonas pharaonis'' is an aerobic, extremely haloalkaliphilic archaeon that grows optimally in 3.5M sodium chloride and at pH 8.5, but is sensitive to high magnesium concentrations. Genome structure The genome of ''Natronomonas pharaonis'' consists of three circular replicons, the chromosome which is 2,595,221 bp in length, a typical haloarchaeal 131-kb plasmid, and a unique multicopy 23-kb plasmid. Its chromosome has a high G + C content (63.4%). Also, a high proportion of acidic amino acids (average 19.3%) is found in the proteins of ''N. pharaonis'' which results in low isoelectric points (average pI 4.6). This is considered to be one of the adaptive features of haloarchaea, which are known to apply the salt-in strategy (high internal salt concentrations) in order to survive in their hype ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halobacteriaceae
In taxonomy, the Halobacteriaceae are a family of the Halobacteriales in the domain Archaea.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Halobacteriaceae Data extracted from the ''Halobacteriaceae'' represent a large part of halophilic Archaea, along with members in two other methanogenic families, ''Methanosarcinaceae'' and ''Methanocalculaceae''. The family consists of many diverse genera that can survive extreme environmental niches. Most commonly, Halobacteriaceae are found in hypersaline lakes and can even tolerate sites polluted by heavy metals. They include neutrophiles, acidophiles (ex. ''Halarchaeum acidiphilum''), alkaliphiles (ex. ''Natronobacterium''), and there have even been psychrotolerant species discovered (ex. ''Hrr. lacusprofundi''). Some members have been known to live aerobically, as well as anaerobically, and they come in many different morphologies. These diverse morphologies include rods in genus Halobacterium, cocci in Halococcus, flattened discs or cups in Haloferax, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaea
Archaea ( ; singular archaeon ) is a domain of single-celled organisms. These microorganisms lack cell nuclei and are therefore prokaryotes. Archaea were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (in the Archaebacteria kingdom), but this term has fallen out of use. Archaeal cells have unique properties separating them from the other two domains, Bacteria and Eukaryota. Archaea are further divided into multiple recognized phyla. Classification is difficult because most have not been isolated in a laboratory and have been detected only by their gene sequences in environmental samples. Archaea and bacteria are generally similar in size and shape, although a few archaea have very different shapes, such as the flat, square cells of ''Haloquadratum walsbyi''. Despite this morphological similarity to bacteria, archaea possess genes and several metabolic pathways that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes, notably for the enzymes involved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Chloride
Sodium chloride , commonly known as salt (although sea salt also contains other chemical salts), is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. With molar masses of 22.99 and 35.45 g/mol respectively, 100 g of NaCl contains 39.34 g Na and 60.66 g Cl. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of seawater and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms. In its edible form, salt (also known as ''table salt'') is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. Another major application of sodium chloride is de-icing of roadways in sub-freezing weather. Uses In addition to the familiar domestic uses of salt, more dominant applications of the approximately 250 million tonnes per year production (2008 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soda Lake
A soda lake or alkaline lake is a lake on the strongly alkaline side of neutrality, typically with a pH value between 9 and 12. They are characterized by high concentrations of carbonate salts, typically sodium carbonate (and related salt complexes), giving rise to their alkalinity. In addition, many soda lakes also contain high concentrations of sodium chloride and other dissolved salts, making them saline or hypersaline lakes as well. High pH and salinity often coincide, because of how soda lakes develop. The resulting hypersaline and highly alkalic soda lakes are considered some of the most extreme aquatic environments on Earth.Grant, W. D. (2006). ''Alkaline environments and biodiversity.'' in ''Extremophiles'', 2006, UNESCO / Eolss Publishers, Oxford, UK In spite of their apparent inhospitability, soda lakes are often highly productive ecosystems, compared to their (pH-neutral) freshwater counterparts. Gross primary production (photosynthesis) rates above (grams of carbon p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haloferax
In taxonomy, ''Haloferax'' (common abbreviation: ''Hfx.'') is a genus of the Haloferacaceae. Genetic exchange Cells of ''H. mediterranei'' and cells of the related species '' H. volcanii'' can undergo a process of genetic exchange between two cells which involves cell fusion resulting in a heterodiploid cell (containing two different chromosomes in one cell). Although this genetic exchange ordinarily occurs between two cells of the same species, it can also occur at a lower frequency between an ''H. mediterranei'' and an ''H. volcani'' cell. These two species have an average nucleotide sequence identity of 86.6%. During this exchange process, a diploid cell is formed that contains the full genetic repertoire of both parental cells, and genetic recombination is facilitated. Subsequently, the cells separate, giving rise to recombinant cells. Taxonomy As of 2022, 13 species are validly published under the genus ''Haloferax''. ;Proposed species Several species and novel binomial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ammonia Transporter
Ammonia transportersTC# 1.A.11 are structurally related membrane transport proteins called Amt proteins (ammonia transporters) in bacteria and plants, methylammonium/ammonium permeases (MEPs) in yeast, or Rhesus (Rh) proteins in chordates. In humans, the RhAG, RhBG, and RhCG Rhesus proteins constitute solute carrier family 42 whilst RhD and RhCE form the Rh blood group system. The three-dimensional structure of the ammonia transport protein AmtB from ''Escherichia coli'' has been determined by x-ray crystallography; ; revealing a hydrophobic ammonia channel. The human RhCG ammonia transporter was found to have a similar ammonia-conducting channel structure. It was proposed that the erythrocyte Rh complex is a heterotrimer of RhAG, RhD, and RhCE subunits in which RhD and RhCE might play roles in anchoring the ammonia-conducting RhAG subunit to the cytoskeleton. Based on reconstitution experiments, purified RhCG subunits alone can function to transport ammonia. RhCG is required ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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