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National Museum Of Military History, Bulgaria
The National Military History Museum ( bg, Национален военноисторически музей, bg, Natsionalen voennoistoricheski muzey) is a museum dedicated to military history in Sofia, Bulgaria. A structure of the Ministry of Defence, it has existed under various names and subordinate to various institutions since 1 August 1914 (in practice since 4 July 1916). It consists of 5,000 m2 of indoor and 40,000 m2 outdoor (of which 500 m2 covered) exhibition area, changing exhibits, a library and a computer centre. Establishment The NMMH was established in 1916, two years after a military-historical commission, consisting of an archive, exhibition and library, was founded. By that time it was one of only three Bulgarian museums in existence. Its first complete exhibition was only unveiled in 1937. Its current structure and name date from 1968. Outdoor exhibition An incomplete list of equipment on display. Artillery Missiles * 9K52 Luna-M * R-17 Elbrus * OT ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sofia
Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. It has a humid continental climate. Being in the centre of the Balkans, it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea, and closest to the Aegean Sea. Known as Serdica in Antiquity and Sredets in the Middle Ages, Sofia has been an area of human habitation since at least 7000 BC. The recorded history of the city begins with the attestation of the conquest of Serdica by the Roman Republic in 29 BC from the Celtic tribe Serdi. During the decline of the Roman Empire, the city was raided by Huns, Visigoths, Avars and Slavs. In 809, Serdica was incorporated into the Bulgarian Empire by Khan Krum and became known as Sredets. In 1018, the Byzantines ended Bulgarian rule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
122 Mm Howitzer M1938 (M-30)
The 122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30) (GRAU index: 52-G-463) was a Soviet 121.92 mm (4.8 inch) howitzer. The weapon was developed by the design bureau of Motovilikha Plants, headed by F. F. Petrov, in the late 1930s, and was in production from 1939 to 1955. The M-30 saw action in World War II, mainly as a divisional artillery piece of the Red Army (RKKA). Captured guns were also employed later in the conflict by the German Wehrmacht and the Finnish Army. Post World War II the M-30 saw combat in numerous conflicts of the mid- to late twentieth century in service of other countries' armies, notably in the Middle East. Development In 1930 Red Army (RKKA) authorities started to look for a new divisional-level howitzer to replace the pre-World War I 122 mm howitzer M1909 and 122 mm howitzer M1910. Although both pieces were eventually modernized, resulting in the 122-mm howitzer M1909/37 and the 122-mm howitzer M1910/30 respectively, these upgrades did not address some short ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2K11 Krug
The 2K11 ''Krug'' (russian: 2К11 «Круг»; en, circle) is a Soviet and now Russian medium-range, medium-to-high altitude surface-to-air missile (SAM) system. The system was designed by NPO Novator and produced by Kalinin Machine Building Plant. Its GRAU designation is "2K11." Its NATO reporting name is SA-4 '' Ganef'', after the Yiddish word meaning "thief"; the name was used because the system was a copy of the Bristol Bloodhound. Development and service Development of the Krug ZRK-SD (2K11) air defense system started in 1957 by the Lyulev OKB design bureau. It was first displayed during a parade in Moscow in May 1965. The system started to be fielded in 1967 and became fully operational in 1969. It was used by the Soviet Army as a long-range SAM. The early version of the Krug entered service in 1965. The first operational deployment version, the Krug-A, entered service in 1967, with extensively modified versions, the Krug-M in 1971 and the Krug-M1 in 1974, which were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S-75 Dvina
The S-75 (Russian: С-75; NATO reporting name SA-2 Guideline) is a Soviet-designed, high-altitude air defence system, built around a surface-to-air missile with command guidance. Following its first deployment in 1957 it became one of the most widely deployed air defence systems in history. It scored the first destruction of an enemy aircraft by a surface-to-air missile, with the shooting down of a Taiwanese Martin RB-57D Canberra over China on 7 October 1959 that was hit by a salvo of three V-750 (1D) missiles at an altitude of 20 km (65,600 ft). This success was credited to Chinese fighter aircraft at the time to keep the S-75 program secret. This system first gained international fame when an S-75 battery, using the newer, longer-range, higher-altitude V-750VN (13D) missile was deployed in the 1960 U-2 incident, when it shot down the Lockheed U-2, U-2 of Francis Gary Powers overflying the Soviet Union on May 1, 1960. The system was also deployed in Cuba during the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OTR-23 Oka
The OTR-23 Oka (russian: OTP-23 «Ока»; named after Oka River) was a mobile theatre ballistic missile (russian: оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс) deployed by the Soviet Union near the end of the Cold War to replace the obsolete SS-1C 'Scud B'. It carried the GRAU index 9K714 and was assigned the NATO reporting name SS-23 Spider. The introduction of the Oka significantly strengthened Soviet theatre nuclear capabilities as its range and accuracy allowed it not only to strike hardened NATO targets such as airfields, nuclear delivery systems, and command centers, but moving targets as well. It also had a fast reaction time, being able to fire in approximately five minutes, and was nearly impossible to intercept, thereby allowing it to penetrate defenses. The main components of the 9K714 system were: * the transport and launch vehicle PU 9P71 (russian: cамоходная пусковая установка), based on the amphibious BA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
R-17 Elbrus
The R-17 Elbrus, GRAU index 9K72 is a tactical ballistic missile, initially developed by the Soviet Union. It is also known by its NATO reporting name SS-1C Scud-B. It is one of several Soviet missiles to carry the reporting name Scud; the most prolifically launched of the series, with a production run estimated at 7,000 (1960–1987). Also designated R-300 during the 1970s, the R-17 was derived from the R-11 Zemlya. It has been operated by 32 countries and manufactured in four countries outside the Soviet Union. It is still in service with some. It's been called the Hwasong-5 in North Korea. History The first mock-up was designed and built by Makeyev in 1958–1959, before the programme was transferred to the Votkinsk Machine Building Plant in 1959 for mass production. The first launch was conducted in 1961, and it entered service in 1964. Design The R-17 featured important improvements over the R-11. The Isayev RD-21 engine used a combination of inhibited red fuming nitric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
9K52 Luna-M
The 9K52 ''Luna-M'' (russian: Луна; en, moon, NATO reporting name FROG-7) is a Soviet short-range artillery rocket system which fires unguided and spin-stabilized 9M21 rockets. It was originally developed in the 1960s to provide divisional artillery support using tactical nuclear weapons but gradually modified for conventional use. The 9K52 was eventually succeeded by the OTR-21 Tochka. Description Originally called the 3R-11 and 9R11, the 9M21 is a solid fuel rocket with four off-angle vernier chambers immediately behind the warhead section. When the main engine section ignites, the verniers activate to start spinning the rocket to improve stability and accuracy. At range, the 9M21 has a nominal CEP ( circular error probable) of 400 meters.Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices: 1945-1995. (1995). United States: Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. V-57Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices: 1945-1995. V-58 Western intelligence estimated th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FN 4RM
FN may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * Faking News, Indian news satire website * ''Financial News'', UK financial newspaper and news website * ''Finding Nemo'', a 2003 computer-animated adventure comedy film by Disney and Pixar * ''Fortnite'', a game released in 2017 by Epic Games * ''Future Nostalgia'', a 2020 album by Dua Lipa * "F.N" (song), a 2019 song by Lil Tjay Businesses and brands * FN Herstal or Fabrique Nationale de Herstal, a Belgian arms factory ** FN (automobile), cars produced by FN Herstal ** FN (motorcycle), motorcycles produced by FN Herstal * Royal Air Maroc Express (IATA airline designator FN) Organizations * Front National (France), a French political party * Front National (French Resistance), a World War II French Resistance group * Front National (Belgium), a Belgian political party * ''Fuerza Nueva'', the name of a former succession of political parties in Spain * ''Forza Nuova'', an Italian political party Other uses * First Nations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2S3 Akatsiya
The SO-152 (Russian: СО-152) is a Soviet 152.4 mm self-propelled gun developed in 1968, as a response to the American 155 mm M109 howitzer. Development began in 1967, according to the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union from July 4, 1967. In 1968, the SO-152 was completed and in 1971 entered service. Its GRAU designation is 2S3 (2С3). The fighting vehicle also received the added designation ''Akatsiya'' (Акация), which is Russian for Acacia. Description The ''Akatsiya'' is armed with a 152.4 mm howitzer based on the Soviet 152.4 mm D-20 howitzer and is sometimes confused with the M109 self-propelled artillery. The artillery system was developed at the design bureau No. 9 of Sverdlovsk. The factory designation of the howitzer is D-22 and the GRAU designation, 2A33. The chassis was developed by Uraltransmash. The driver's and engine-transmission compartments are located in the front part of a hull, the fighting compartment with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BM-24
The BM-24 is a multiple rocket launcher designed in the Soviet Union. It is capable of launching 240mm rockets from 12 launch tubes. Versions of the BM-24 have been mounted on the ZIS-151 6×6 Truck chassis and the AT-S tracked artillery tractor, forming the BM-24T from the latter. Production began out of Automotive Factory no. 2 in 1947 Moscow. Israel operated one battalion, consisting of vehicles captured from Egypt in the Six-Day War. The battalion took part in the Yom Kippur War and the 1982 Lebanon War. Variants * BM-24 (8U31) - Basic model, mounted on a ZIS-151 chassis. * BM-24M (2B3) - Modified model, mounted on a ZIL-157 chassis. * BM-24T - Tracked model, mounted on an AT-S chassis. * Israeli upgraded variant. Operators Current operators * : 30 BM-24 * * KN-16 and BM-24 * Former operators * * * * *: 48 in store * * * *: 36 in store * * * * * * * * * See also *Katyusha rocket launcher Photo gallery File:BM 24 TBiU 7.jpg, Reload drill File:BM-24-batey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BM-21
The BM-21 "Grad" (russian: БМ-21 "Град", lit= hail) is a self-propelled 122 mm multiple rocket launcher designed in the Soviet Union. The system and the M-21OF rocket were first developed in the early 1960s, and saw their first combat use in March 1969 during the Sino-Soviet border conflict. ''BM'' stands for ''boyevaya mashina'' ( ru , боевая машина – combat vehicle), and the nickname means "hail". The complete system with the BM-21 launch vehicle and the M-21OF rocket is designated as the M-21 field-rocket system. The complete system is more commonly known as a Grad multiple rocket launcher system. In NATO countries the system, either the complete system or the launch vehicle only, was initially known as the M1964. Several other countries have copied the Grad or have developed similar systems. In Russian service its intended replacement is the 9A52-4 Tornado. Many similar 122 mm MLRS systems are made by different countries based on the BM-21 Grad. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RM-51
The RM-51 (''Raketomet vzor 1951'') multiple rocket launcher was a Czechoslovak Army alternative of the BM-13 multiple rocket launcher developed in the 1950s. Variants * vz. 51 - Original model, based on Praga V3S 6×6 truck. * M-51 - Export version used by Austria, based on Steyr 680 M3 6×6 truck. * RM-51 - Export variant, based on ZIS-151 and ZIL-157 6×6 trucks. Operators * - 18 delivered in 1974, designated M-51. * - 24 delivered in 1963. * - 6 in service as of 2021. * - In 2012, Indonesian Army retrofitted their RM-51, including replacing the original Praga V3S truck with Reo M35A2 truck. * * - 20 delivered between 1965-1966. * - 50 delivered between 1957-1958. * - 36 delivered between 1976-1977. * - 58 delivered between 1956-1965. Designated R-2, the launchers were later mounted on ZIL-157 trucks. See also * RM-70 multiple rocket launcher The RM-70 (''Raketomet vzor 1970'') multiple rocket launcher is a Czechoslovak Army version and heavier variant of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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