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National Democratic Front (French India)
The National Democratic Front (french: Front national démocratique) was a political coalition in French India. The movement dominated the political scene in the colony for a brief period until the emergence of a split between the socialists and communists in the coalition. The National Democratic Front was founded in January 1946. The front consisted of communists, socialists, the Mahajan Sabha and the '' Combat'' group (led by Julien Adiceam, who had arrived in French India from Algeria). The National Democratic Front contested the 1946 municipal, Representative Assembly and French National Assembly elections. The 1946 election manifesto of the National Democratic Front called for French India to become a fully autonomous unit within the French Union. The National Democratic Front won 30 out of the 44 seats in the 1946 French India Representative Assembly election. Communist leader V. Subbiah was amongst the National Democratic Front candidates elected.''New Age''. Paying H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French India
French India, formally the ( en, French Settlements in India), was a French colony comprising five geographically separated enclaves on the Indian Subcontinent that had initially been factories of the French East India Company. They were ''de facto'' incorporated into the Republic of India in 1950 and 1954. The enclaves were , Karikal, Yanaon (Andhra Pradesh) on the Coromandel Coast, Mahé on the Malabar Coast and Chandernagor in Bengal. The French also possessed several ('lodges', tiny subsidiary trading stations) inside other towns, but after 1816, the British denied all French claims to these, which were not reoccupied. By 1950, the total area measured , of which belonged to the territory of . In 1936, the population of the colony totalled 298,851 inhabitants, of which 63% (187,870) lived in the territory of Pondichéry. Context France was the last of the major European maritime powers of the 17th century to enter the East India trade. Six decades after the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madras Mahajana Sabha
Madras Mahajana Sabha was an Indian nationalist organisation based in the Madras Presidency. Along with the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, Bombay Presidency Association and the Indian Association, it is considered to be a predecessor of the Indian National Congress. Madras mahajana sabha was formed in 1884. Origin The first organisation in the Madras Presidency to agitate for the rights of Indians was the Madras Native Association which was established by publicist in 1852. This organisation did not survive for long and was eventually disbanded. In May 1884, M. Veeraraghavachariar, G. Subramania Iyer and P. Anandacharlu established the Madras Mahajana Sabha. The office of the Sabha functioned in the beginning at the office of The Hindu, Ellis Road Junction, Mount Road. P. Rangaiah Naidu was elected President of the Sabha in 1885. In September 1885, the Sabha in collaboration with the Bombay Presidency Association and the Indian Association, sent a delegation to England. The Mahajan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combat (French Resistance)
Combat was a large movement in the French Resistance created in the non-occupied zone of France during the Second World War (1939–1945). Combat was one of the eight great resistance movements which constituted the Conseil national de la Résistance. Combat's development Combat, also known under its former name (MLN), was active both in the unoccupied zone in southern France and in the occupied north. Birth and growth Combat was created in August 1940 in Lyon by Henri Frenay, supported by Berty Albrecht. Through a system of regional heads, he spread the movement through six regions within the free zone: * Lyon (10 départements)................... (R1) led jointly by Marcel Peck and André Plaisantin * Marseille (7 départements)............... (R2) * Montpellier (6 départements)............ (R3) * Toulouse (9 départements)............... (R4) * Limoges (9 départements)................ (R5), led until 1943 by Edmond Michelet * Clermont-Ferrand (5 départements)... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algeria
) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , religion = , official_languages = , languages_type = Other languages , languages = Algerian Arabic (Darja) French , ethnic_groups = , demonym = Algerian , government_type = Unitary semi-presidential republic , leader_title1 = President , leader_name1 = Abdelmadjid Tebboune , leader_title2 = Prime Minister , leader_name2 = Aymen Benabderrahmane , leader_title3 = Council President , leader_name3 = Salah Goudjil , leader_title4 = Assembly President , leader_name4 = Ibrahim Boughali , legislature = Parliament , upper_house = Council of the Nation , lower_house ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Union
The French Union () was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial empire system, colloquially known as the " French Empire" (). It was the formal end of the "indigenous" () status of French subjects in colonial areas. Composition The French Union had five components: # Metropolitan France, which included French Algeria. # 'Old' colonies, notably those of the French West Indies in the Caribbean that became overseas departments in 1946: Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Réunion. # 'New' colonies, renamed overseas territories: Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Guinea, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, French Sudan, Upper Volta, Congo, Gabon, Ubangi-Shari, Chad, Comoros, French India, Madagascar, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, French Somaliland. # Associated states: Protectorates of French Indochina. It had been expected that other protectorates would become part of the French Union, but the rulers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1946 French India Representative Assembly Election
The first election to the Representative Assembly of French India was held on 15 December 1946 to constitute the First Representative Assembly of French India. The election included Pondichéry (with 22 seats), Karaikal (12 seats), Chandernagor (5 seats), Mahé (3 seats) and Yanaon (2 seats). The election was won by the National Democratic Front of Deiva Zivarattinam, that won 30 out of 44 seats.Moutoussamy, Ernest. Les députés de l'Inde française à l'Assemblée Nationale sous la VIe République'. Paris .a. Harmattan, 2003. p. 28 Results in Yanaon See also * 1951 French India Representative Assembly election *1955 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election *1959 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election After the de facto merger on 1 November 1954 and before the legal integration with the Indian Union on 16 August 1962, second general elections were held in August 1959 to constitute Second Pondicherry Representative Assembly. Background the Con ... References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chandernagore
Chandannagar french: Chandernagor ), also known by its former name Chandernagore and French name Chandernagor, is a city in the Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is headquarter of the Chandannagore subdivision and is part of the area covered by the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Located on the western bank of Hooghly River, the city was one of the five settlements of French India. Indo-French architecture is seen in the colonial bungalows, most of which are in a dilapidated state. Etymology The name Chandernagor is possibly derived from the shape of the bank of the river Hooghly which is bent like a half-moon (in Bengali, ''Chand'' means moon and ''Nagar'' implies city), so originally it was chander nagar. From the river bank, it looked like a moon-shaped necklace (crescent moon). Local tradition holds that the city was once the major hub of the trade of sandalwood (Bengali-''chandan)''. One more possibility for the name is a temple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
November 1946 French Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in France on 10 November 1946 to elect the first French National Assembly, National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic, Fourth Republic. The electoral system used was proportional representation. After the rejection of a first constitutional draft (May 1946 French constitutional referendum, 5 May 1946 referendum), a new provisional National Assembly was elected to elaborate a second text. The Christian democracy, Christian democrat leader Georges Bidault (Popular Republican Movement, MRP) led a government which included Socialism, socialists (French Section of the Workers' International, SFIO) and Communism, Communists (French Communist Party, PCF). This Three-parties alliance proposed the establishment of a parliamentary system. Advocating a presidential government, General officer, General Charles de Gaulle campaigned for a "No" vote. He warned against the "regime of the parties" which was, according to him, responsible for the 1940 collaps ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French National Assembly
The National Assembly (french: link=no, italics=set, Assemblée nationale; ) is the lower house of the bicameral French Parliament under the Fifth Republic, the upper house being the Senate (). The National Assembly's legislators are known as (), meaning "delegate" or "envoy" in English; etymologically, it is a cognate of the English word ''deputy'', which is the standard term for legislators in many parliamentary systems). There are 577 , each elected by a single-member constituency (at least one per department) through a two-round system; thus, 289 seats are required for a majority. The president of the National Assembly, Yaël Braun-Pivet, presides over the body. The officeholder is usually a member of the largest party represented, assisted by vice presidents from across the represented political spectrum. The National Assembly's term is five years; however, the President of France may dissolve the Assembly, thereby calling for new elections, unless it has been dissolv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French India Socialist Party
The French India Socialist Party (french: Parti socialiste de l'Inde française) was a political party in French India. The party was led by Édouard Goubert, Minister for General Administration for French India.Mukherjee, Amiya Ranjan. Current Affairs: India, Pakistan and the World'. N. pl.: Mukherjee, 1954, 311. The party played a dominant role in the political life in the colony, being backed by the French administration. The party favoured retaining links with France, but would eventually turn against French rule. Founding The party was founded in July 1947, after a split in the National Democratic Front (French India), National Democratic Front. The Socialist Party was founded by Édouard Goubert, P. Counouma and Lambert Saravane, who left it shortly later.David, Georgette. Pondichéry: des comptoirs français à l'Inde d'aujourd'hui'. Paris: Éd. Kailash, 2004, 66.Markovits, Claude. A history of modern India, 1480-1950'. London: Anthem, 2004, 518. The party was able to gain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of French India
The Communist Party of French India (french: Parti communiste de l'Inde française) was a political party in French India. V. Subbiah was the secretary of the party. History World War II and the National Democratic Front The Communist Party of French India rose in prominence during the Second World War. At the time of the outbreak of the war the party was banned and its assets seized. However, the ban was lifted in September 1940 as the French Communist Party had called for support to the Allied war effort. The communists came to dominate the National Democratic Front. On 6 March 1947 the Communist Party launched a students' wing, the Students' Federation. Struggle for independence Around August 1947, as independence of British India drew nearer, the Communist Party of French India changed its policy regarding independence and began advocating immediate merger with the rest of India. Until this point the party had advocated union with France in the short term, and integrat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
