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Nardostachys Chinensis
''Nardostachys jatamansi'' is a flowering plant of the valerian family that grows in the Himalayas. It is a source of a type of intensely aromatic amber-colored essential oil, spikenard. The oil has, since ancient times, been used as a perfume, as a traditional medicine, and in religious ceremonies. It is also called spikenard, nard, nardin, or muskroot. It is considered endangered due to overharvesting for folk medicine, overgrazing, loss of habitats, and forest degradation. Description ''Nardostachys jatamansi'' is a flowering plant of the honeysuckle family that grows in the eastern Himalayas, primarily in a belt through Kumaon, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan. The plant grows in height and has pink, bell-shaped flowers. It is found at an altitude of . Rhizomes (underground stems) can be crushed and distilled into an intensely aromatic amber-colored essential oil, which is very thick in consistency. Nard oil is used as a perfume, an incense, a sedative, and an herbal medicine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Don
David Don (21 December 1799 – 15 December 1841) was a Scottish people, Scottish botanist. Biography David Don was born on 21 December 1799 at Doo Hillock, Forfar, Angus, Scotland to Caroline Clementina Stuart, and her husband George Don of Forfar. His older brother was George Don, also a botanist. His father was a curator at the Royal Botanic Garden, Leith Walk, Edinburgh. Don was Professor of Botany at King's College London from 1836 to 1841, and librarian at the Linnean Society of London from 1822 to 1841. He described several of the major Pinophyta, conifers discovered in the period, including first descriptions of Sequoia sempervirens, coast redwood (''Taxodium sempervirens'' D. Don; now ''Sequoia sempervirens'' (D. Don) Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher, Endl.), Bristlecone Fir (''Pinus bracteata'' D. Don, now ''Abies bracteata'' (D. Don) A. Poit.), Grand Fir (''Pinus grandis'' Douglas ex D. Don; now ''Abies grandis'' (Douglas ex D. Don) John Lindley, Lindl.) and Coulter Pine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perfume
Perfume (, ; french: parfum) is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), fixatives and solvents, usually in liquid form, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent. The 1939 Nobel Laureate for Chemistry, Leopold Ružička stated in 1945 that "right from the earliest days of scientific chemistry up to the present time, perfumes have substantially contributed to the development of organic chemistry as regards methods, systematic classification, and theory." Ancient texts and archaeological excavations show the use of perfumes in some of the earliest human civilizations. Modern perfumery began in the late 19th century with the commercial synthesis of aroma compounds such as vanillin or coumarin, which allowed for the composition of perfumes with smells previously unattainable solely from natural aromatics. History The word ''perfume'' derives from the Latin ''perfumare'', meaning "to smoke through". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perfume Ingredients
Perfume (, ; french: parfum) is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), fixatives and solvents, usually in liquid form, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent. The 1939 Nobel Laureate for Chemistry, Leopold Ružička stated in 1945 that "right from the earliest days of scientific chemistry up to the present time, perfumes have substantially contributed to the development of organic chemistry as regards methods, systematic classification, and theory." Ancient texts and archaeological excavations show the use of perfumes in some of the earliest human civilizations. Modern perfumery began in the late 19th century with the commercial synthesis of aroma compounds such as vanillin or coumarin, which allowed for the composition of perfumes with smells previously unattainable solely from natural aromatics. History The word ''perfume'' derives from the Latin ''perfumare'', meaning "to smoke through" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flora Of Tibet
Flora is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring (indigenous) native plants. Sometimes bacteria and fungi are also referred to as flora, as in the terms ''gut flora'' or ''skin flora''. Etymology The word "flora" comes from the Latin name of Flora, the goddess of plants, flowers, and fertility in Roman mythology. The technical term "flora" is then derived from a metonymy of this goddess at the end of the sixteenth century. It was first used in poetry to denote the natural vegetation of an area, but soon also assumed the meaning of a work cataloguing such vegetation. Moreover, "Flora" was used to refer to the flowers of an artificial garden in the seventeenth century. The distinction between vegetation (the general appearance of a community) and flora (the taxonomic composition of a community) was first made by Jules Thurmann (1849). Prior to this, the two terms were used indiscriminately.Thurmann, J. (1849). ''Essai de Phyt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valerianoideae
Valerianoideae is a subfamily of plants. Genera * ''Centranthus'' - 12 species * ''Fedia'' * ''Nardostachys'' - 3 species * ''Patrinia'' - 17 species * ''Plectritis'' (Seablushes) - 5 species * ''Valeriana ''Valeriana'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caprifoliaceae, members of which may by commonly known as valerians. It contains many species, including the garden valerian, ''Valeriana officinalis''. Species are native to all continen ...'' (Valerians) - 125 species * '' Valerianella'' (Cornsalads) - 20 species References * Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Patrinia saniculifolia hemsl.(Disacales: Caprifoliaceae), an endemic plant in Korea. EH Jung, CE Lim, BY Lee, SP Hong - Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 2018 External links * * Asterid subfamilies {{Dipsacales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biodiversity Heritage Library
The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) is the world’s largest open access digital library for biodiversity literature and archives. BHL operates as worldwide consortiumof natural history, botanical, research, and national libraries working together to address this challenge by digitizing the natural history literature held in their collections and making it freely available for open access as part of a global “biodiversity community.” The BHL consortium works with the international taxonomic community, publishers, bioinformaticians, and information technology professionals to develotools and servicesto facilitate greater access, interoperability, and reuse of content and data. BHL provides a range of services, data exports, and APIs to allow users to download content, harvest source data files, and reuse materials for research purposes. Through taxonomic intelligence tools developed bGlobal Names Architecture BHL indexes the taxonomic names throughout the collection, allowing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lavender
''Lavandula'' (common name lavender) is a genus of 47 known species of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is native to the Old World and is found in Cape Verde and the Canary Islands, and from Europe across to northern and eastern Africa, the Mediterranean, southwest Asia to India. Many members of the genus are cultivated extensively in temperate climates as ornamental plants for garden and landscape use, for use as culinary herbs, and also commercially for the extraction of essential oils. The most widely cultivated species, ''Lavandula angustifolia'', is often referred to as lavender, and there is a color named for the shade of the flowers of this species. Lavender has been used over centuries in traditional medicine and cosmetics. Description Plant and leaves The genus includes annual or short-lived herbaceous perennial plants, and shrub-like perennials, subshrubs or small shrubs. Leaf shape is diverse across the genus. They are simple in some commonly cult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beta-sitosterol
β-sitosterol (beta-sitosterol) is one of several phytosterols (plant sterols) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. It is a white, waxy powder with a characteristic odor, and is one of the components of the food additive E499. Phytosterols are hydrophobic and soluble in alcohols. Natural occurrences and food β-sitosterol is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. It is found in vegetable oil, nuts, avocados, and derived prepared foods such as salad dressings. Human research β-sitosterol is being studied for its potential to reduce benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and blood cholesterol levels. Genetic disorder While plant sterols are usually beneficial, there is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder phytosterolemia which causes over-absorption of phytosterols. Precursor of anabolic steroid boldenone Being a steroid, β-sitosterol is a precursor of anabolic steroid boldenone. Boldenone undecylenate is commonly used in veterinary medicine to indu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oleanolic Acid
Oleanolic acid or oleanic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid related to betulinic acid. It is widely distributed in food and plants where it exists as a free acid or as an aglycone of triterpenoid saponins. Natural occurrence Oleanolic acid can be found in olive oil, ''Phytolacca americana'' (American pokeweed), and ''Syzygium'' spp, garlic, etc. It was first studied and isolated from several plants, including ''Olea europaea'' (leaves, fruit), ''Rosa woodsii'' (leaves), ''Prosopis glandulosa'' (leaves and twigs), '' Phoradendron juniperinum'' (whole plant), '' Syzygium claviflorum'' (leaves), '' Hyptis capitata'' (whole plant), ''Mirabilis jalapa'') and ''Ternstroemia gymnanthera'' (aerial part). Other ''Syzygium'' species including java apple (''Syzygium samarangense'') and rose apples contain it, as does ''Ocimum tenuiflorum'' (holy basil). Biosynthesis of oleanolic acids Oleanolic acid biosynthesis starts with mevalonate to create squalene. Squalen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nardosinone
Nardosinone is a sesquiterpene and chemical constituent of ''Nardostachys jatamansi''. In ''in vitro'' studies, the compound has demonstrated concentration-dependent enhancement of bucladesine and staurosporine-induced neurite outgrowth. Nardosinone has similarly been demonstrated to enhance NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis from PC12D cells. Additionally, nardosinone has demonstrated cytotoxic activity against cultured P-388 lymphocytic leukemia Lymphoid leukemias are a group of leukemias affecting circulating lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. The lymphocytic leukemias are closely related to lymphomas of the lymphocytes, to the point that some of them are unitary disease entities t ... cells. References {{reflist Phytochemicals Sesquiterpenes Organic peroxides Enones Oxygen heterocycles Heterocyclic compounds with 3 rings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Octacosanol
1-Octacosanol (also known as ''n''-octacosanol, octacosyl alcohol, cluytyl alcohol, montanyl alcohol) is a straight-chain aliphatic 28-carbon primary fatty alcohol that is common in the epicuticular waxes of plants, including the leaves of many species of ''Eucalyptus'', of most forage and cereal grasses, of ''Acacia'', ''Trifolium'', ''Pisum'' and many other legume genera among many others, sometimes as the major wax constituent.EA Baker (1982) Chemistry and morphology of plant epicuticular waxes. pp. 139–165. ''In'' "The Plant Cuticle". edited by DF Cutler, KL Alvin and CE Price. Academic Press, London. Octacosanol also occurs in wheat germ. Chemistry Octacosanol is insoluble in water but freely soluble in low molecular-weight alkanes and in chloroform. Biological effects Octacosanol is the main component in the mixture policosanol. Octacosanol has been subject to preliminary study for its potential benefit for patients with Parkinson's disease. Studies have also found that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ursolic Acid
Ursolic acid (sometimes referred to as urson, prunol, malol, or 3β-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid), is a pentacyclic triterpenoid identified in the epicuticular waxes of apples as early as 1920 and widely found in the peels of fruits, as well as in herbs and spices like rosemary and thyme. Natural occurrence Ursolic acid is present in many plants, such as ''Mirabilis jalapa'', as well as in many fruits and herbs used in daily life (e.g. apples, basil and holy basil, bilberries, cranberries, elder flower, peppermint, rosemary, lavender, oregano, thyme, hawthorn, and prunes). Apple peels contain large quantities of ursolic acid and related compounds. Potential biochemical effects A number of potential biochemical effects of ursolic acid have been investigated, but there has been no clinical study demonstrating benefits to human health. ''In vitro'', ursolic acid inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cell types by inhibiting the STAT3 activation pathway, and may also d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
