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Nahverteidigungswaffe
The ''Nahverteidigungswaffe'' was a roof mounted, breech-loaded, single shot, multi-purpose, 360 ° rotating grenade launcher that could fire a variety of ammunition. It was typically found on German tanks such as the Panzer IV, Panther I, Tiger I, and Tiger II from 1944 until the end of the war and was intended to replace three previous devices: the '' Nebelwurfgerät'', the '' Minenabwurfvorrichtung'', and pistol ports. Operation The ''Nahverteidigungswaffe'' was a simple breech-loaded launcher tube oriented at a 50° angle and fitted in a traversable mounting on the turret roof. Unlike the previous externally mounted launchers, it was not exposed to enemy fire, being reloaded from within the vehicle through a hinged breech. The ''Nahverteidigungswaffe'' was designed to mate with the standard '' Kampfpistole'' flare gun and could be sealed by an armored plug when not in use. Aiming was by periscopes located on the turret and cupola. Ammunition The device could fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nahverteidigungswaffe
The ''Nahverteidigungswaffe'' was a roof mounted, breech-loaded, single shot, multi-purpose, 360 ° rotating grenade launcher that could fire a variety of ammunition. It was typically found on German tanks such as the Panzer IV, Panther I, Tiger I, and Tiger II from 1944 until the end of the war and was intended to replace three previous devices: the '' Nebelwurfgerät'', the '' Minenabwurfvorrichtung'', and pistol ports. Operation The ''Nahverteidigungswaffe'' was a simple breech-loaded launcher tube oriented at a 50° angle and fitted in a traversable mounting on the turret roof. Unlike the previous externally mounted launchers, it was not exposed to enemy fire, being reloaded from within the vehicle through a hinged breech. The ''Nahverteidigungswaffe'' was designed to mate with the standard '' Kampfpistole'' flare gun and could be sealed by an armored plug when not in use. Aiming was by periscopes located on the turret and cupola. Ammunition The device could fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Firing Port
A firing port, sometimes called a pistol port, is a small opening in armored vehicles, fortified structures like bunkers, or other armored equipment that allows small arms to be safely fired out of the vehicle at enemy infantry, often to cover vehicle or building blindspots. Examples of this can be seen in the Crusader tank, Sherman tank, Tiger I, T-34-85, and even modern armored vehicles today such as the Mechanized Infantry Combat Vehicle (MICV) program, its successor the Bradley Fighting Vehicle (BFV) featuring the M231 Firing Port Weapon, and Russian armored personnel carriers. Some firing ports are improvised for such use. For example a late production Tiger I manual shows the Nahverteidigungswaffe being used as a firing port. Some pistol ports, such as on the Sherman, included vision slits such as "protectoscopes" increasing visibility around the tank. Ballistic weakspot Being a ballistic weak spot, firing ports are often reinforced with additional armor, and in sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minenabwurfvorrichtung
The ''Minenabwurfvorrichtung'' was an anti-personnel mine launcher used to disperse S-Mines. It was typically found on German tanks such as the Panzer III and Tiger I from 1942 through 1943. Operation The ''Minenabwurfvorrichtung'' was a simple device consisting of a small steel tube oriented at a 50 ° angle mounted to the hull roof or track guards of the tank. The tube contained a modified version of the infantry S-mine equipped with the ''Glühzünder'' 28 fuze which allowed it to be electrically fired from the inside of the vehicle using a small control panel labeled ''Minenabwurfschalter'' that was mounted on the engine firewall. The mine itself consisted of a round projectile deep by wide and contained about 360 steel balls. The projectile was fired about into the air, where it would explode, scattering the steel balls in all directions. Starting in June 1942, up to six launchers were mounted on the track guards of an unknown number of Panzerkampfwagen III ''Ausführun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nebelwurfgerät
The ''Nebelwurfgerät'' was a gun turret, turret mounted grenade launcher, launcher used to disperse the ''Schnellnebelkerze'' 39 smoke grenade. It was typically found on Nazi Germany, German Tanks in the German Army, tanks from 1942 through 1943. Operation The ''Nebelwurfgerät'' was mounted in two sets of three, one on each forward side wall of the turret with each launcher being in Caliber, calibre by in length. The uppermost launcher tubes were oriented forward and angle, angled slightly outwards while the middle and lower tubes were set on a progressively lower elevation but increasing angle. Six smoke grenades were carried, one in each launcher tube. They were ejected out of each tube by Zündschraube C 23 primer (firearms), primer which was electricity, electrically fired from six push-buttons labeled ''Nebelkerzen'', these buttons being grouped in two sets of three, located in the turret to the Left (direction), left and Right (direction), right of the Tank#Crew, comman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panzer IV
The ''Panzerkampfwagen'' IV (Pz.Kpfw. IV), commonly known as the ''Panzer'' IV, was a German medium tank developed in the late 1930s and used extensively during the Second World War. Its ordnance inventory designation was Sd.Kfz. 161. The Panzer IV was the most numerous German tank and the second-most numerous German fully tracked armoured fighting vehicle of the Second World War; 8,553 Panzer IVs of all versions were built during World War II, only exceeded by the StuG III assault gun with 10,086 vehicles. Its chassis was also used as the base for many other fighting vehicles, including the Sturmgeschütz IV assault gun, the Jagdpanzer IV self-propelled anti-tank gun, the ''Wirbelwind'' self-propelled anti-aircraft gun, and the '' Brummbär'' self-propelled gun. The Panzer IV saw service in all combat theatres involving Germany and was the only German tank to remain in continuous production throughout the war. It was originally designed for infantry support, while the sim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panther Tank
The Panther tank, officially ''Panzerkampfwagen V Panther'' (abbreviated PzKpfw V) with ordnance inventory designation: ''Sd.Kfz.'' 171, is a German medium tank of World War II. It was used on the Eastern and Western Fronts from mid-1943 to the end of the war in May 1945. On 27 February 1944 it was redesignated to just ''PzKpfw Panther'', as Hitler ordered that the Roman numeral "V" be deleted. In contemporary English-language reports it is sometimes referred to as the "Mark V". The Panther was intended to counter the Soviet T-34 medium tank and to replace the Panzer III and Panzer IV. Nevertheless, it served alongside the Panzer IV and the heavier Tiger I until the end of the war. It had excellent firepower, protection and mobility, although its reliability was less impressive. The Panther was a compromise. While having essentially the same Maybach V12 petrol (690 hp) engine as the Tiger I, it had better gun penetration, was lighter and faster, and could traverse roug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sturmtiger
() was a World War II German assault gun built on the Tiger I chassis and armed with a 380mm rocket-propelled mortar. The official German designation was ''Sturmmörserwagen 606/4 mit 38 cm RW 61''. Its primary task was to provide heavy fire support for infantry units fighting in urban areas. The few vehicles produced fought in the Warsaw Uprising, the Battle of the Bulge and the Battle of the Reichswald. The fighting vehicle was known by various informal names, among which the ''Sturmtiger'' became the most popular. Development The idea for a heavy infantry support vehicle capable of demolishing heavily defended buildings or fortified areas with a single shot came out of the experiences of the heavy urban fighting in the Battle of Stalingrad in 1942. At the time, the Wehrmacht had only the '' Sturm-Infanteriegeschütz 33B'' available for destroying buildings, a ''Sturmgeschütz III'' variant armed with a 15 cm sIG 33 heavy infantry gun. Twelve of them were lost in the fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panzer VIII Maus
''Panzerkampfwagen'' VIII ''Maus'' (English: 'mouse') was a German World War II super-heavy tank completed in late 1944. It is the heaviest fully enclosed armored fighting vehicle ever built. Five were ordered, but only two hulls and one turret were completed, the turret being attached before the testing grounds were captured by advancing Soviet military forces. These two prototypes underwent trials in late 1944. The complete vehicle was long, wide and high. Weighing 188 metric tons, the Maus's main armament was the Krupp-designed 128 mm KwK 44 L/55 gun, based on the 12.8 cm Pak 44 towed anti-tank gun also used in the casemate-type ''Jagdtiger'' tank destroyer, with a coaxial 75 mm KwK 44 L/36.5 gun. The 128 mm gun was powerful enough to destroy all Allied armored fighting vehicles in service at the time, with some at ranges exceeding . The principal problem in the design of the ''Maus'' was developing an engine and drivetrain which was powerful enough to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nebelkerzenabwurfvorrichtung
The ''Nebelkerzenabwurfvorrichtung'' (abbreviated N.K.A.V.) was a rear mounted grenade dispenser used to disperse the Schnellnebelkerze 39 smoke grenade. It was typically found on German tanks from 1939 through 1942. Operation The device carried five smoke grenades, each grenade being held in position by spring loaded catches. The vehicle commander released the grenades one at a time by wire control which operated a ratchet coupled to a camshaft. Each pull of the control wire rotated the camshaft one fifth of a turn, releasing a smoke grenade, the pin of which was drawn out by a fixed chain, and the ratchet was returned to its original position by a second spring. Five pulls on the control wire would release all five smoke grenades in succession, enabling the vehicle to reverse out of sight into its own smoke screen with the grenades discharging smoke for about 100 to 200 seconds. Later examples of the ''Nebelkerzenabwurfvorrichtung'' were fully enclosed in an armored box (''N. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circumference
In geometry, the circumference (from Latin ''circumferens'', meaning "carrying around") is the perimeter of a circle or ellipse. That is, the circumference would be the arc length of the circle, as if it were opened up and straightened out to a line segment. More generally, the perimeter is the curve length around any closed figure. Circumference may also refer to the circle itself, that is, the locus corresponding to the edge of a disk. The is the circumference, or length, of any one of its great circles. Circle The circumference of a circle is the distance around it, but if, as in many elementary treatments, distance is defined in terms of straight lines, this cannot be used as a definition. Under these circumstances, the circumference of a circle may be defined as the limit of the perimeters of inscribed regular polygons as the number of sides increases without bound. The term circumference is used when measuring physical objects, as well as when considering abstract g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Range Of A Projectile
In physics, a projectile launched with specific initial conditions will have a range. It may be more predictable assuming a flat Earth with a uniform gravity field, and no air resistance. The following applies for ranges which are small compared to the size of the Earth. For longer ranges see sub-orbital spaceflight. The maximum horizontal distance traveled by the projectile, neglecting air resistance, can be calculated as follows: Note that the source's y-y0 is replaced with the article's y0 : where * d is the total horizontal distance travelled by the projectile. * v is the velocity at which the projectile is launched * g is the |
Second
The second (symbol: s) is the unit of time in the International System of Units (SI), historically defined as of a day – this factor derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes and finally to 60 seconds each (24 × 60 × 60 = 86400). The current and formal definition in the International System of Units ( SI) is more precise:The second ..is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency, Δ''ν''Cs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1. This current definition was adopted in 1967 when it became feasible to define the second based on fundamental properties of nature with caesium clocks. Because the speed of Earth's rotation varies and is slowing ever so slightly, a leap second is added at irregular intervals to civil time to keep clocks in sync with Earth's rotation. Uses Analog clocks and watches often ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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