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The ''Nebelkerzenabwurfvorrichtung'' (abbreviated N.K.A.V.) was a rear mounted
Panther 1944 Der Mittlere Panzerkampfwagen - SD.KFZ. 171
Retrieved: 20 February 2019. It was succeeded by the
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-012-0035-11A, Polen, Panzer I und Infanterie.jpg, Panzer I tank equipped with the N.K.A.V.
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-127-0396-13A, Im Westen, deutsche Panzer.jpg, Panzer II tank equipped with the N.K.A.V.
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-213-0267-13, Russland-Nord, Panzer 38(t) und Infanterie.jpg, Panzer 38(t) tank with an armored N.K.A.V. mounted below the muffler and painted with a
The ''Nebelkerzenabwurfvorrichtung'' (abbreviated N.K.A.V.) was a rear mounted grenade
A grenade is an explosive weapon typically thrown by hand (also called hand grenade), but can also refer to a shell (explosive projectile) shot from the muzzle of a rifle (as a rifle grenade) or a grenade launcher. A modern hand grenade genera ...
dispenser used to disperse the Schnellnebelkerze 39 smoke grenade
Smoke grenades used at demonstrations in Paris, 2008
upBritish L83A1 Smoke Grenade manufactured in May 2008. This grenade has already been used.
A smoke grenade is a canister-type grenade used as a signaling device, target or landing zone mark ...
. It was typically found on German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
tanks
A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful engine ...
from 1939 through 1942.
Operation
The device carried five smoke grenades, each grenade being held in position byspring
Spring(s) may refer to:
Common uses
* Spring (season), a season of the year
* Spring (device), a mechanical device that stores energy
* Spring (hydrology), a natural source of water
* Spring (mathematics), a geometric surface in the shape of a ...
loaded catches
Catch may refer to:
In sports
* Catch (game), children's game
* Catch (baseball), a maneuver in baseball
* Catch (cricket), a mode of dismissal in cricket
* Catch or reception (gridiron football)
* Catch, part of a rowing stroke
In music
* Cat ...
. The vehicle commander
Commander (commonly abbreviated as Cmdr.) is a common naval officer rank. Commander is also used as a rank or title in other formal organizations, including several police forces. In several countries this naval rank is termed frigate captain.
...
released the grenades one at a time by wire control which operated a ratchet
Ratchet may refer to:
Devices
* Ratchet (device), a mechanical device that allows movement in only one direction
* Ratchet, metonomic name for a socket wrench incorporating a ratcheting device
* Ratchet (instrument), a music instrument and a ...
coupled to a camshaft
A camshaft is a shaft that contains a row of pointed cams, in order to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion. Camshafts are used in piston engines (to operate the intake and exhaust valves), mechanically controlled ignition systems ...
.
Each pull of the control wire rotated the camshaft one fifth of a turn, releasing a smoke grenade, the pin of which was drawn out by a fixed chain
A chain is a serial assembly of connected pieces, called links, typically made of metal, with an overall character similar to that of a rope in that it is flexible and curved in compression but linear, rigid, and load-bearing in tension. A c ...
, and the ratchet was returned to its original position by a second spring. Five pulls on the control wire would release all five smoke grenades in succession, enabling the vehicle to reverse out of sight into its own smoke screen
A smoke screen is smoke released to mask the movement or location of military units such as infantry, tanks, aircraft, or ships.
Smoke screens are commonly deployed either by a canister (such as a grenade) or generated by a vehicle (such as ...
with the grenades discharging smoke for about 100 to 200 second
The second (symbol: s) is the unit of time in the International System of Units (SI), historically defined as of a day – this factor derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes and finally to 60 seconds ...
s. Later examples of the ''Nebelkerzenabwurfvorrichtung'' were fully enclosed in an armored
Armour (British English) or armor (American English; see spelling differences) is a covering used to protect an object, individual, or vehicle from physical injury or damage, especially direct contact weapons or projectiles during combat
Co ...
box (''N.K.A.V. mit Schutzmantel''). The ''Nebelkerzenabwurfvorrichtung'' was discontinued beginning in April 1942 because it had not proven to be effective, the main disadvantage being that the resulting smoke screen built up behind the vehicle.Retrieved: 20 February 2019. It was succeeded by the
turret
Turret may refer to:
* Turret (architecture), a small tower that projects above the wall of a building
* Gun turret, a mechanism of a projectile-firing weapon
* Objective turret, an indexable holder of multiple lenses in an optical microscope
* Mi ...
mounted ''Nebelwurfgerät
The ''Nebelwurfgerät'' was a gun turret, turret mounted grenade launcher, launcher used to disperse the ''Schnellnebelkerze'' 39 smoke grenade. It was typically found on Nazi Germany, German Tanks in the German Army, tanks from 1942 through 1943 ...
'' launcher.
Gallery
Balkenkreuz
The ''Balkenkreuz'' ()
is a straight-armed cross that was first introduced in 1916–1918 and later became the emblem of the ''Wehrmacht'' (German Armed Forces) and its branches from 1935 until the end of World War II. It was used by the '' Wehr ...
.
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1975-078-25A, Schwerer deutscher Panzerkampfwagen.jpg, Panzer III tank equipped with the N.K.A.V.
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-187-230-06A, Russland, Panzer III.jpg, Panzer III tank equipped with the N.K.A.V.
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1981-084-34, Maastricht, Panzer III in Marschpause.jpg, Panzer III tank with an N.K.A.V. mounted above the right muffler.
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-161-0250-11, Balkan, Panzer III auf dem Marsch.jpg, Panzer III with an armored N.K.A.V.
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1981-070-16, Frankreich, Panzer IV.jpg, Panzer IV tank with an N.K.A.V. mounted above the muffler.
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-268-0185-03A, Russland, Panzerkolonne.jpg, Panzer IV tank with an N.K.A.V. mounted above the muffler.
Image:The British Army in North Africa 1942 E19017.jpg, A destroyed Panzer IV with an armored N.K.A.V. painted with a Balkenkreuz
The ''Balkenkreuz'' ()
is a straight-armed cross that was first introduced in 1916–1918 and later became the emblem of the ''Wehrmacht'' (German Armed Forces) and its branches from 1935 until the end of World War II. It was used by the '' Wehr ...
.
See also
* ''Nebelwurfgerät
The ''Nebelwurfgerät'' was a gun turret, turret mounted grenade launcher, launcher used to disperse the ''Schnellnebelkerze'' 39 smoke grenade. It was typically found on Nazi Germany, German Tanks in the German Army, tanks from 1942 through 1943 ...
''
* ''Minenabwurfvorrichtung
The ''Minenabwurfvorrichtung'' was an anti-personnel mine launcher used to disperse S-Mines. It was typically found on German tanks such as the Panzer III and Tiger I from 1942 through 1943.
Operation
The ''Minenabwurfvorrichtung'' was a simple ...
''
* ''Nahverteidigungswaffe
The ''Nahverteidigungswaffe'' was a roof mounted, breech-loaded, single shot, multi-purpose, 360 ° rotating grenade launcher that could fire a variety of ammunition. It was typically found on German tanks such as the Panzer IV, Panther I, Ti ...
''
Notes
References
* * * *External links
*http://www.panther1944.de/index.php/en/sdkfz-171-pzkpfwg-panther/technik/nebelkerzen-wurfgeraet {{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814040008/http://www.panther1944.de/index.php/en/sdkfz-171-pzkpfwg-panther/technik/nebelkerzen-wurfgeraet , date=2019-08-14 *http://michaelhiske.de/Allierte/USA/GCWM/Part01/Section_K/01K03.htm *https://www.lexpev.nl/grenades/europe/germany/nebelkerze3939b.html Grenade launchers of Germany Tanks of Germany Smoke grenades Military equipment introduced in the 1930s