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Nucleophaga Hypertrophica
Nucleophaga is a genus of eukaryotic microorganisms that are internal parasites of amoeba, flagellates, and ciliates. Morphology and life cycle ''Nucleophaga'' grows within the nucleus of its host cell. Its spores are ingested by the host and migrate to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, the spores germinate giving rise to naked plasmodia in contact with the host's karyoplasm. It develops pseudopodia-like projections that may be involved in osmotrophy or phagocytosis. The ''Nucleophaga'' cells continue to enlarge until a cell wall replaces the projections and the ''Nucleophaga'' cytoplasm is divided into spores. Taxonomy Described by Dangeard in 1895, ''Nucleophaga'' was placed in Olpidiaceae, Chytridiales. Molecular phylogenetic studies have placed some members in the Cryptomycota/Rozellomycota. Species As according to a taxonomic summary. * '' Nucleophaga amoebae'' Dangeard 1895 * '' Nucleophaga hypertrophica'' Epstein 1922 * ''Nucleophaga intestinalis'' Brug 1926 * ''N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukaryota
Eukaryotes () are organisms whose Cell (biology), cells have a cell nucleus, nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the Three-domain system, three domains of life. Bacteria and Archaea (both prokaryotes) make up the other two domains. The eukaryotes are usually now regarded as having emerged in the Archaea or as a sister of the Asgard (archaea), Asgard archaea. This implies that there are only Two-domain system, two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among archaea. Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass (ecology), biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes. Eukaryotes emerged approximately 2.3–1.8 billion years ago, during the Proterozoic eon, likely as Flagellated cell, flagellated phagotrophs. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis () is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome. It is one type of endocytosis. A cell that performs phagocytosis is called a phagocyte. In a multicellular organism's immune system, phagocytosis is a major mechanism used to remove pathogens and cell debris. The ingested material is then digested in the phagosome. Bacteria, dead tissue cells, and small mineral particles are all examples of objects that may be phagocytized. Some protozoa use phagocytosis as means to obtain nutrients. History Phagocytosis was first noted by Canadian physician William Osler (1876), and later studied and named by Élie Metchnikoff (1880, 1883). In immune system Phagocytosis is one main mechanisms of the innate immune defense. It is one of the first processes responding to infection, and is also one of the initiating branches of an adaptive immune response. Although mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleophaga Terricolae
Nucleophaga is a genus of eukaryotic microorganisms that are internal parasitism, parasites of amoeba, flagellates, and ciliates. Morphology and life cycle ''Nucleophaga'' grows within the Cell nucleus, nucleus of its host cell. Its spores are ingested by the host and migrate to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, the spores germinate giving rise to naked plasmodia in contact with the host's karyoplasm. It develops pseudopodia-like projections that may be involved in osmotrophy or phagocytosis. The ''Nucleophaga'' cells continue to enlarge until a cell wall replaces the projections and the ''Nucleophaga'' cytoplasm is divided into spores. Taxonomy Described by Dangeard in 1895, ''Nucleophaga'' was placed in Olpidiaceae, Chytridiales. Molecular phylogenetic studies have placed some members in the Cryptomycota/Rozellomycota. Species As according to a taxonomic summary. * ''Nucleophaga amoebae'' Dangeard 1895 * ''Nucleophaga hypertrophica'' Epstein 1922 * ''Nucleophaga intestinali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleophaga Ranarum
Nucleophaga is a genus of eukaryotic microorganisms that are internal parasites of amoeba, flagellates, and ciliates. Morphology and life cycle ''Nucleophaga'' grows within the nucleus of its host cell. Its spores are ingested by the host and migrate to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, the spores germinate giving rise to naked plasmodia in contact with the host's karyoplasm. It develops pseudopodia-like projections that may be involved in osmotrophy or phagocytosis. The ''Nucleophaga'' cells continue to enlarge until a cell wall replaces the projections and the ''Nucleophaga'' cytoplasm is divided into spores. Taxonomy Described by Dangeard in 1895, ''Nucleophaga'' was placed in Olpidiaceae, Chytridiales. Molecular phylogenetic studies have placed some members in the Cryptomycota/Rozellomycota. Species As according to a taxonomic summary. * '' Nucleophaga amoebae'' Dangeard 1895 * '' Nucleophaga hypertrophica'' Epstein 1922 * '' Nucleophaga intestinalis'' Brug 1926 * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleophaga Peranemae
Nucleophaga is a genus of eukaryotic microorganisms that are internal parasites of amoeba, flagellates, and ciliates. Morphology and life cycle ''Nucleophaga'' grows within the nucleus of its host cell. Its spores are ingested by the host and migrate to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, the spores germinate giving rise to naked plasmodia in contact with the host's karyoplasm. It develops pseudopodia-like projections that may be involved in osmotrophy or phagocytosis. The ''Nucleophaga'' cells continue to enlarge until a cell wall replaces the projections and the ''Nucleophaga'' cytoplasm is divided into spores. Taxonomy Described by Dangeard in 1895, ''Nucleophaga'' was placed in Olpidiaceae, Chytridiales. Molecular phylogenetic studies have placed some members in the Cryptomycota/Rozellomycota. Species As according to a taxonomic summary. * '' Nucleophaga amoebae'' Dangeard 1895 * '' Nucleophaga hypertrophica'' Epstein 1922 * '' Nucleophaga intestinalis'' Brug 1926 * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleophaga Intestinalis
Nucleophaga is a genus of eukaryotic microorganisms that are internal parasites of amoeba, flagellates, and ciliates. Morphology and life cycle ''Nucleophaga'' grows within the nucleus of its host cell. Its spores are ingested by the host and migrate to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, the spores germinate giving rise to naked plasmodia in contact with the host's karyoplasm. It develops pseudopodia-like projections that may be involved in osmotrophy or phagocytosis. The ''Nucleophaga'' cells continue to enlarge until a cell wall replaces the projections and the ''Nucleophaga'' cytoplasm is divided into spores. Taxonomy Described by Dangeard in 1895, ''Nucleophaga'' was placed in Olpidiaceae, Chytridiales. Molecular phylogenetic studies have placed some members in the Cryptomycota/Rozellomycota. Species As according to a taxonomic summary. * '' Nucleophaga amoebae'' Dangeard 1895 * '' Nucleophaga hypertrophica'' Epstein 1922 * '' Nucleophaga intestinalis'' Brug 1926 * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleophaga Hypertrophica
Nucleophaga is a genus of eukaryotic microorganisms that are internal parasites of amoeba, flagellates, and ciliates. Morphology and life cycle ''Nucleophaga'' grows within the nucleus of its host cell. Its spores are ingested by the host and migrate to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, the spores germinate giving rise to naked plasmodia in contact with the host's karyoplasm. It develops pseudopodia-like projections that may be involved in osmotrophy or phagocytosis. The ''Nucleophaga'' cells continue to enlarge until a cell wall replaces the projections and the ''Nucleophaga'' cytoplasm is divided into spores. Taxonomy Described by Dangeard in 1895, ''Nucleophaga'' was placed in Olpidiaceae, Chytridiales. Molecular phylogenetic studies have placed some members in the Cryptomycota/Rozellomycota. Species As according to a taxonomic summary. * '' Nucleophaga amoebae'' Dangeard 1895 * '' Nucleophaga hypertrophica'' Epstein 1922 * ''Nucleophaga intestinalis'' Brug 1926 * ''N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleophaga Amoebae
Nucleophaga is a genus of eukaryotic microorganisms that are internal parasites of amoeba, flagellates, and ciliates. Morphology and life cycle ''Nucleophaga'' grows within the nucleus of its host cell. Its spores are ingested by the host and migrate to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, the spores germinate giving rise to naked plasmodia in contact with the host's karyoplasm. It develops pseudopodia-like projections that may be involved in osmotrophy or phagocytosis. The ''Nucleophaga'' cells continue to enlarge until a cell wall replaces the projections and the ''Nucleophaga'' cytoplasm is divided into spores. Taxonomy Described by Dangeard in 1895, ''Nucleophaga'' was placed in Olpidiaceae, Chytridiales. Molecular phylogenetic studies have placed some members in the Cryptomycota/Rozellomycota. Species As according to a taxonomic summary. * '' Nucleophaga amoebae'' Dangeard 1895 * ''Nucleophaga hypertrophica'' Epstein 1922 * ''Nucleophaga intestinalis'' Brug 1926 * ''Nu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rozellomycota
Cryptomycota ('hidden fungi'), Rozellida, or Rozellomycota are a clade of micro-organisms that are either fungi or a sister group to fungi. They differ from classical fungi in that they lack chitinous cell walls at any trophic stage in their lifecycle, as reported by Jones and colleagues in 2011. Despite their unconventional feeding habits, chitin has been observed in the inner layer of resting spores, and in immature resting spores for some species of ''Rozella'', as indicated with calcofluor-white stain as well as the presence of a fungal-specific chitin synthase gene. Rozellida were first detected as DNA sequences retrieved from a freshwater laboratory enclosure. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences formed a unique terminal clade of then unknown affiliation provisionally called after the first clone in the clade: LKM11. The only formally described genus in the clade is ''Rozella'', which was previously considered a chytrid. The existence of related organisms was known f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms. These relationships are determined by Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference methods that focus on observed heritable traits, such as DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, or morphology. The result of such an analysis is a phylogenetic tree—a diagram containing a hypothesis of relationships that reflects the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. The tips of a phylogenetic tree can be living taxa or fossils, and represent the "end" or the present time in an evolutionary lineage. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about the ancestral line, and does ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chytridiales
Fungi of the order Chytridiales, like other members of its division, may either have a monocentric thallus or a polycentric rhizomycelium. When the ribosomal genes of members classified in this order were first examined using molecular techniques, it was discovered that the order contained some species that were not related. With the culture and characterization of '' Chytridium olla'', the type species of this order, the limits of the Chytridiales were established. The Chytridiales is now monophyletic and species such as '' Polychytrium aggregatum'', '' Chytriomyces angularis'' and '' Cladochytrium replicatum'' have been transferred to other orders. Genera ''incertae sedis'' * '' Achlyella'' * '' Achlyogeton'' * '' Coralliochytrium'' * '' Delfinachytrium'' * '' Pseudorhizidium'' * '' Dermomycoides'' * '' Dictyomorpha'' * '' Ichthyochytrium'' * ''Mucophilus ''Mucophilus'' is a fungal genus in the Chytridiales of uncertain familial placement. A monotypic In biology, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olpidiaceae
Olpidiaceae is a fungal plant pathogen family of genera, that was placed in the order Olpidiales. Taxonomy Based on the work of Philippe Silar and "The Mycota: A Comprehensive Treatise on Fungi as Experimental Systems for Basic and Applied Research" and synonyms from "Part 1- Virae, Prokarya, Protists, Fungi". * Phylum Olpidiomycota Doweld 2013 lpidiomycotina Doweld 2013** Class Olpidiomycetes Doweld 2013 *** Order Olpidiales Cavalier-Smith 2012 **** Family Olpidiaceae Schröter 1889 ***** Genus '' Agratia'' Mol. Nov. 2014 Morella'' Pérez Reyes 1964 non Loureiro 1790">Morella_(fungus).html" ;"title="'Morella (fungus)">Morella'' Pérez Reyes 1964 non Loureiro 1790***** Genus ''Chytridhaema'' Moniez 1887 ***** Genus ''Cibdelia'' Juel 1925 ***** Genus ''Leiolpidium'' Doweld 2014 ***** Genus ''Monochytrium'' Griggs 1910 ***** Genus '' Olpidiaster'' Saccas 1954 non Pascher 1917 ***** Genus '' Perolpidium'' Doweld 2014 ***** Genus '' Schizolpidium'' Doweld 2014 ***** Genus ''Olpidium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
