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Nuclear Santo Languages
The Espiritu Santo languages (alternatively Santo languages) are a group of North Vanuatu languages spoken on Espiritu Santo Island in northern Vanuatu. Tryon (2010) considers the Espiritu Santo languages to be a coherent group. Languages Two lists of Espiritu Santo languages from Tryon (2010) and François (2015) are provided below. Tryon (2010) Tryon (2010) recognizes 33 living languages and 2 extinct languages. They are:Tryon, Darrell. 2010. The languages of Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. In John Bowden and Nikolaus P. Himmelmann and Malcolm Ross (eds.), ''A journey through Austronesian and Papuan linguistic and cultural space: papers in honour of Andrew K. Pawley'', 283-290. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. François (2015) The following list of 38 Espiritu Santo languages is from Alexandre François ( 2015:18-21). Lynch (2019) John Lynch (2019) proposes the following classification scheme for the Espiritu Santo langua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Espiritu Santo
Espiritu Santo (, ; ) is the largest island in the nation of Vanuatu, with an area of and a population of around 40,000 according to the 2009 census. Geography The island belongs to the archipelago of the New Hebrides in the Pacific region of Melanesia. It is in the Sanma Province of Vanuatu. The town of Luganville, on Espiritu Santo's southeast coast, is Vanuatu's second-largest settlement and the provincial capital. Roads run north and west from Luganville, but most of the island is far from the limited road network. Around Espiritu Santo lie a number of small islands and islets; among them are: Dany Island, Araki, Elephant Island, Sakao, Lataroa, Lataro, Thion, Malohu, Malwepe, Malvapevu, Malparavu, Maltinerava, Oyster Island, Tangoa, and Bokissa. Vanuatu's highest peak is the 1879 metre (6165 foot) Mount Tabwemasana in west-central Espiritu Santo. History A Spanish expedition of three ships, led by Portuguese explorer Pedro Fernandes de Queirós, lande ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daruru Language
Daruru is an Espiritu Santo language of Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (french: link=no, République de Vanuatu; bi, Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island country located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of no .... There are perhaps 100 speakers in Pelmol village of western Santo Island.Tryon, Darrell. 2010. The languages of Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. In John Bowden and Nikolaus P. Himmelmann and Malcolm Ross (eds.), ''A journey through Austronesian and Papuan linguistic and cultural space: papers in honour of Andrew K. Pawley'', 283-290. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. References Sources * *Tryon, Darrell. 2010. The languages of Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. In John Bowden and Nikolaus P. Himmelmann and Malcolm Ross (eds.), ''A journey through Austronesian and Papuan linguistic and cultural space: papers in honour of Andrew K. Pawley'', 283-290 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ko Language (Vanuatu)
Mores (alternatively Ko or Farmores) is an Oceanic language spoken in central Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (french: link=no, République de Vanuatu; bi, Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island country located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of no .... References Espiritu Santo languages Languages of Vanuatu Severely endangered languages {{SOceanic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiai Language
Kiai is an Oceanic language spoken by about 450 people in the central highlands of Espiritu Santo island (Sanma Province), in Vanuatu. Name The name ''Kiai'' derives from ''kiai'', meaning "no", due to a trend in the area to name languages based on their word for "no", used as a linguistic shibboleth A shibboleth (; hbo, , šībbōleṯ) is any custom or tradition, usually a choice of phrasing or even a single word, that distinguishes one group of people from another. Shibboleths have been used throughout history in many societies as passwor .... The language is called ''vara Kiai'' (from ''vara'' "speech, language"), i.e. 'the language that says ''kiai'' or ''no''. The same language has been named Fortsenal, based on the name of the village (locally ''Vorozenale'') where the speakers live. Notes References * Vara Kiai: a Kiai wordlist / Tomas Ludvigson, Auckland .Z.: Dept. of Anthropology, University of Auckland, 1989 * Crowley, Terry. 2000. The language situation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merei Language
Merei or Malmariv is an Oceanic language spoken in north central Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (french: link=no, République de Vanuatu; bi, Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island country located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of no .... There are two varieties, Tiale, or Malmariv, and Merei, or Lametin. They are mutually intelligible according to a comparison of 234 words, which showed 94.87% cognate similarity. There are an estimated 800 speakers of Malmariv-Merei or Tiale-Lametin. Merei, as well as Tiale, are both spoken by roughly 60% of the children in the villages. The members of the population have a positive attitude towards the threatened language, with Merei being spoken by approximately 400 people as a mother tongue. Chung (2005). There are at least four villages where Merei is spoken, Angoru, Navele, Tombet and Vusvogo. These villages are located between t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiale Language
Merei or Malmariv is an Oceanic language spoken in north central Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (french: link=no, République de Vanuatu; bi, Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island country located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of no .... There are two varieties, Tiale, or Malmariv, and Merei, or Lametin. They are mutually intelligible according to a comparison of 234 words, which showed 94.87% cognate similarity. There are an estimated 800 speakers of Malmariv-Merei or Tiale-Lametin. Merei, as well as Tiale, are both spoken by roughly 60% of the children in the villages. The members of the population have a positive attitude towards the threatened language, with Merei being spoken by approximately 400 people as a mother tongue. Chung (2005). There are at least four villages where Merei is spoken, Angoru, Navele, Tombet and Vusvogo. These villages are located between t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farsav Language
Narango (Farsaf, Farsav, Nambel) is an Oceanic language spoken on the south coast of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (french: link=no, République de Vanuatu; bi, Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island country located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of no .... References Espiritu Santo languages Languages of Vanuatu {{SOceanic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tangoa Island
Tangoa is an island in Vanuatu, located off the southern coast of Vanuatu's largest island Espiritu Santo in Sanma Province. The local inhabitants speak the Tangoa language. Education The Teachers' Training Institute (later renamed the Tangoa Training Institute) operated on the island from 1895 to 1970, when the Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu established a Presbyterian Bible College there. This operated from 1971 to 1986, when it merged with the Aulua Theological Training Centre to form the Talua Ministry Training Centre Talua Theological Training Institute, formerly known as Talua Ministry Training Centre, is a Bible College in Vanuatu, run by the Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu. It is located near Luganville on the island of Espiritu Santo. Talua was established .... References Islands of Vanuatu Sanma Province {{Vanuatu-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movono Language
Tangoa, or ''Leon Tatagoa'', is an Oceanic language spoken on Tangoa Island, south of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. The community was an early settlement for Christian missionaries, leading to its use as a lingua franca in the area, having largely displaced the moribund Araki language spoken on Araki Island. Characteristics Tangoa is one of the few languages of Vanuatu, and indeed of the world, possessing a set of linguolabial consonant Linguolabials or apicolabials are consonants articulated by placing the tongue tip or blade against the upper lip, which is drawn downward to meet the tongue. They represent one extreme of a coronal articulatory continuum which extends from ling ...s. References Espiritu Santo languages Languages of Vanuatu {{SOceanic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Araki Island
Araki Island is a small rocky island with an area of 2.5 km², located 3 miles off the southern shores of Espiritu Santo, which is the largest island in the nation of Vanuatu. It belongs to the archipelago of the New Hebrides in the Pacific region of Melanesia. It is in the Sanma Province of Vanuatu. Population Given its small dimensions, it is not surprising that Araki Island has always had a low population. Census records as early as 1897 give 103 islanders, while there were 112 in 1989, and 121 in 1999. According to the 2009 census there were 140. - Government of Vanuatu However, this number does not accurately reflect the number of persons, who really live permanently on Araki Island: because of sustenance difficulties, many Arakians are forced t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Araki Language
Araki is a nearly extinct language spoken in the small island of Araki (locally known as ), south of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. Araki is gradually being replaced by Tangoa, a language from a neighbouring island. Current situation Araki was estimated to have 8 native speakers in 2012 with ongoing language shift towards the neighboring language Tangoa. The rest of the island's population have a passive knowledge of Araki, allowing them to understand it, but having limited ability to speak it. A large portion of the Araki vocabulary, as well as idiosyncratic syntactic and phonetic phenomena of the language have been lost. The pidgin Bislama is spoken by many speakers of Araki as a lingua franca, though its use is mainly in the two towns of the country, Port-Vila and Luganville, and seldom in rural areas. Araki was described in 2002 by the linguist Alexandre François. Classification Araki belongs to the Oceanic branch of Austronesian languages; more precisely, to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ande Language
Ande or Morouas (Moruas) is an Oceanic language spoken in central Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (french: link=no, République de Vanuatu; bi, Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island country located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of no .... References Espiritu Santo languages Languages of Vanuatu {{SOceanic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
