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Notopithecus
''Notopithecus'' is an extinct genus of Notoungulate, belonging to the suborder Typotheria. It lived from the Middle to the Late Eocene and its fossilized remains were discovered in South America. Description This animal is known from numerous fossils, sufficiently complete to reconstruct the general appearance of the creature. It was superficially similar to a modern prairie dog, or a slender marmot. Its body was approximately 30–40 centimeters long, excluding the tail. Skull The skull was short, broad, and high ; the temporal region and the tympanic bulla were enlarged. The dentition was complete, with incisor-shaped canines and without diastema. The premolars and molars were low-crowned (brachydont). The first upper incisor was well developed, and the first upper premolar was incisor-shaped. The other upper premolars were triangular in section and had a deep central dimple. The lower premolars were progressively more complex towards the posterior part of the mandible. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transpithecus
''Transpithecus'' is an extinct genus of Notoungulates, belonging to the suborder Typotheria. It lived during the Middle Eocene in what is today South America. Description This animal may have been vaguely similar to a marmot, and could reach approximately 50 centimeters in length. It shared several similarities with rodents, but wasn't closely related to them. ''Transpithecus'' was related to ''Notopithecus'', but was differentiated from the latter genus by several characteristics of its teeth. Its upper molars were characterized by a quadrangular shape and an internal fold, separating a smaller anterior lobe from the posterior lobe, and had a small enamel relief in the middle of their crowns. The premolars and upper molars were devoid of mesial cingulum. There was also a small descending process on the maxilla, more or less at the height of the mesial margin of the second upper molar. Classification ''Transpithecus obtentus'' was first described in 1901 by Florentino ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarmiento Formation
The Sarmiento Formation (Spanish: ''Formación Sarmiento''), in older literature described as the Casamayor Formation, is a geological formation in Chubut Province, Argentina, in central Patagonia, which spans around 30 million years from the mid-Eocene to the early Miocene. It predominantly consists of pyroclastic deposits, which were deposited in a semi-arid environment. It is divided up into a number of members. The diverse fauna of the Sarmiento Formation, including a variety of birds, crocodilians, turtles and snakes, also includes many mammals such as South American native ungulates (notoungulates, litopterns, astrapotheres) as well as armadillo Armadillos (meaning "little armored ones" in Spanish) are New World placental mammals in the order Cingulata. The Chlamyphoridae and Dasypodidae are the only surviving families in the order, which is part of the superorder Xenarthra, along wi ...s, and caviomorph rodents. Material was copied from this source, which is availabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interatheriidae
Interatheriidae is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals from South America. Interatheriids are known from the Middle Eocene (Mustersan) to the Early Pliocene (Montehermosan).McKenna & Bell, 1997Linares, 2004 These animals were principally small-sized, occupying a habitat like hares, marmots and viscachas. The majority were very small, like rodents. Interatheriidae is one of the mammal groups that best represent the fauna from the Santa Cruz Formation. Particularly ''Protypotherium'' with three species is characteristic of the formation: ''P. australe'', ''P. praerutilum'' and ''P. attenuatum''. Another well-known genus is ''Interatherium ''Interatherium'' is an extinct genus of interatheriid mammal from the Early to Middle Miocene (Colhuehuapian-Mayoan). Fossils have been found in the Santa Cruz, Collón Curá and Sarmiento Formations in Argentina.Fernández, M. (2015). Rev ...'', particularly well represented by ''I. robustum''. References Bibliography * * M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notopithecinae
Interatheriidae is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals from South America. Interatheriids are known from the Middle Eocene ( Mustersan) to the Early Pliocene ( Montehermosan).McKenna & Bell, 1997Linares, 2004 These animals were principally small-sized, occupying a habitat like hares, marmots and viscachas. The majority were very small, like rodents. Interatheriidae is one of the mammal groups that best represent the fauna from the Santa Cruz Formation. Particularly ''Protypotherium'' with three species is characteristic of the formation: ''P. australe'', ''P. praerutilum'' and ''P. attenuatum''. Another well-known genus is ''Interatherium ''Interatherium'' is an extinct genus of interatheriid mammal from the Early to Middle Miocene (Colhuehuapian- Mayoan). Fossils have been found in the Santa Cruz, Collón Curá and Sarmiento Formations in Argentina.Fernández, M. (2015). Re ...'', particularly well represented by ''I. robustum''. References Bibliography ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notoungulate
Notoungulata is an extinct order of mammalian ungulates that inhabited South America from the early Paleocene to the Holocene, living from approximately 61 million to 11,000 years ago. Notoungulates were morphologically diverse, with forms resembling animals as disparate as rabbits and rhinoceroses. Notoungulata are the largest group of South American native ungulates, with over 150 genera in 14 families having been described, divided into two major subgroupings, Typotheria and Toxodontia. Notoungulates first diversified during the Eocene. Their diversity declined during the Late Neogene, with only the large toxodontids persisting until the end of the Pleistocene. Collagen analysis suggests that notoungulates are closely related to litopterns, another group of South American ungulates, and their closest living relatives being perissodactyls (odd-toed ungulates), including rhinoceroses, tapirs and equines. but their relationships to other South American ungulates are uncertain. Sev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protypotherium
''Protypotherium'' is an extinct genus of notoungulate mammals native to South America during the Oligocene and Miocene epochs. A number of closely related animals date back further, to the Eocene. Fossils of ''Protypotherium'' have been found in the Deseadan Fray Bentos Formation of Uruguay, Muyu Huasi and Nazareno Formations of Bolivia, Cura-Mallín and Río Frías Formations of Chile, and Santa Cruz, Salicas, Ituzaingó, Aisol, Cerro Azul, Cerro Bandera, Cerro Boleadoras, Chichinales, Sarmiento and Collón Curá Formations of Argentina. Taxonomy ''Protypotherium'' was a typical representative of the Interatheriidae, a group of typotherian notoungulates with rodent-like appearances, usually with slender forms. The genus has a wide stratigraphic and geographic distribution, around 29 million years. Fossils assigned to ''Protypotherium'' have been found in numerous localities in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Uruguay. Material was copied from this source, which is ava ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocochilius
''Miocochilius'' is an extinct genus of small notoungulate mammals (typotheres) native to South America. The genus lived during the Middle Miocene epoch ( Laventan in the SALMA classification). The genus contains two described species, the type species ''M. anomopodus'' described in 1953 by Ruben Arthur Stirton and ''M. federicoi'', described and included in the genus by Darin A. Croft. Fossils of ''Miocochilius'' have been found at the Lagerstätte of La Venta in the Honda Group of Colombia, where it is the most abundant mammal, the Honda Group of Bolivia (''M. federicoi'') and the Ipururo Formation in the Ucayali Basin of Peru. The typothere lived alongside a rich faunal assemblage comprising many other mammals, crocodylians, turtles and lizards. Description The genus ''Miocochilius'' was first described by Ruben Arthur Stirton in 1953, based on a nearly complete and numerous incomplete skeletons found in the Honda Group of Colombia. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochilius
''Cochilius'' is an extinct genus of interatheriid notoungulate that lived between the Late Oligocene and the lower Miocene in what is now Argentina. Description The skull and skeleton show features also found in other similar contemporary or slightly later animals, such as ''Interatherium'' and ''Protypotherium''. In the general proportions of the skull ''Cochilius'' was similar to ''Interatherium'', but in some features it was closer to ''Protypotherium'', for example, in the large development of the snout and the median position of the orbits. The epitympanic ''sinus'' was slightly spongy. The forelimbs resembled those of ''Interatherium,'' and were more puny than those of ''Protypotherium.'' The metacarpal bones were longer and thinner than those of Interatherium. The incisors were short and strong, while the molars had low-crowned ( brachydont) teeth. Classification The genus ''Cochilius'' was first described in 1902 by Florentino Ameghino, based on fossil remains fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typotheres
Typotheria is a suborder of the extinct mammalian order Notoungulata and includes five families: Archaeopithecidae, Campanorcidae, Interatheriidae, Mesotheriidae, and Oldfieldthomasiidae. CifelliCifelli, Richard L. 1993. The phylogeny of the native South American ungulates. pp. 195-216 ''in'' F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek and M. C. McKenna (''eds.'') ''Mammal Phylogeny, Volume 2, Placentals''. Springer-Verlag, New York. indicated that Typotheria would be paraphyletic if it excluded members of the suborder Hegetotheria and he advocated inclusion of the hegetothere families Archaeohyracidae and Hegetotheriidae Hegetotheriidae is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals known from the Oligocene through the Pliocene of South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a r ... in Typotheria. References Prehistoric animal suborders Mammal suborders {{paleo-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene is preceded by the Oligocene and is followed by the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by a single distinct global event but consist rather of regionally defined boundaries between the warmer Oligocene and the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, the Arabian Peninsula collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean, and allowing a faunal interchange to occur between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans into Eurasia. During the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eocene Mammals Of South America
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', "dawn") and (''kainós'', "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isotope 13C in the atmosphere was exceptionally low in comparison with the more common isotope 12C. The end is set at a major extinction event called the ''Grande Coupure'' (the "Great Break" in continuity) or the Eocene–Oligocene extinction event, which may be related to the impact of one or more large bolides in Siberia and in what is now Chesapeake Bay. As with other geologic periods, the strata that define the start and end of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
