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Northern Awu Language
Listed below are lesser-known ethnolinguistic groups that speak Loloish languages. Most of these groups speak languages of uncertain affiliation within Loloish, and are under-documented or undocumented.Hattaway, Paul. 2000. ''Operation China: introducing all the peoples of China''. Carlisle: Piquant. List of languages and ethnic groups Yunnan (1979)Yunnan minzu shibie zonghe diaocha zubian 云南民族识别综合调查组编 (1979). Yunnan minzu shibie zonghe diaocha baogao (1960 nian)' 云南民族识别综合调查报告(1960年). Kunming: Yunnan minzuxue yanjiu suoyin 云南民族学研究所印. lists the following ethnolinguistic groups that are classified as Yi. * Mengwu 孟武 (exonym: Awu 阿武) of Xichou County. Population: 1,243 as of 1960. Yunnan (1979) lists Mengwu 孟武 twice, and in another entry lists Mengwu 孟武 of Maguan County and Xichou County with a population of 1,379. Also known as Lai () (autonym; a branch of the ''Awu'' , also called ''Mengwu'' ):''We ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loloish Languages
The Loloish languages, also known as Yi in China and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a family of fifty to a hundred Sino-Tibetan languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relatives. Both the Loloish and Burmish branches are well defined, as is their superior node, Lolo-Burmese. However, subclassification is more contentious. SIL Ethnologue (2013 edition) estimated a total number of 9 million native speakers of Ngwi languages, the largest group being the speakers of Nuosu (Northern Yi) at 2 million speakers (2000 PRC census). Names ''Loloish'' is the traditional name for the family. Some publications avoid the term under the misapprehension that ''Lolo'' is pejorative, but it is the Chinese rendition of the autonym of the Yi people and is pejorative only when it is written with a particular Chinese character (one that uses a beast, rather than a human, radical), a practice that was prohibited by the Chinese g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Yi
Nisu (Southern Yi) is a language cluster spoken by half a million Yi people of China. It is one of six Yi languages recognized by the government of China. The Yi script was traditionally used, though few can still read it. According to Lama (2012), Nisu (Nishu) autonyms include ', ', and '. The position of Nisu within Nisoish is debated. Nisu is classified as Southeastern Loloish by Pelkey (2011), but is traditionally classified as a Northern Loloish language, including by Lama (2012). Internal classification Chen et al. (1985) Chen et al. (1985:114) recognizes three major varieties of ''Southern Yi'' (i.e., Nisu) spoken in Yunnan province: ''Shijian'' (石建; Shiping-Jianshui), ''Yuanjin'' (元金; Yuanjiang-Jinping), and ''Exin'' (峨新; Eshan-Xinping). Autonyms include ''na̠33 su55'' and ''na̠33 su55 pho21'' (alternatively ''ne̠33 su55 pho21''). Chen (1985) reported a speaker population of nearly 1.6 million. *Shijian 石建土语: spoken in Shiping, Jianshui, Tonghai, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yongsheng County
Yongsheng County () is located in the northwest of Yunnan province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Lijiang. In 2019 the county had a population of 406,757 including 34.42% ethnic minorities. The Chenghai Lake is located in Yongsheng. Yongsheng has a strong agricultural output consisting especially of fruits including pomegranate, oranges, grapes, mangoes, longan, and Sugar-apple. Administrative divisions Yongsheng County has 9 towns and 6 ethnic townships. ;9 towns ;6 ethnic townships Ethnic groups The ''Yongsheng County Gazetteer'' (1989:637) lists the following ethnic Yi subgroups. Population statistics are as of 1985. * Shuitian 水田: 12,279 persons in Renhe District 仁和区 (in Xinping 新坪, Huiyuan 汇源, and Xintian 新田); Songping District 松坪区 (in Guangmin 光明 and Yonghong 永红); Taoyuan District 涛源区 (in Jiahe 嘉禾 and Xi'an 西安); Xinaqu District 期纳区 (in Banping 半坪); Xunzhou District ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Yi
Nuosu or Nosu (, transcribed as ), also known as Northern Yi, Liangshan Yi, and Sichuan Yi, is the prestige language of the Yi people; it has been chosen by the Chinese government as the standard Yi language () and, as such, is the only one taught in schools, both in its oral and written forms. It was spoken by two million people and was increasing as of (PRC census); 60% were monolingual (1994 estimate). Nuosu is the native Nuosu name for their own language and is not used in Mandarin Chinese, though it may sometimes be translated as ''Nuòsūyǔ'' (). The occasional terms "Black Yi" () and 'White Yi' () are castes of the Nuosu people, not dialects. Nuosu is one of several often mutually unintelligible varieties known as Yi, Lolo, Moso, or Noso; the six Yi languages recognized by the Chinese government hold only 25% to 50% of their vocabulary in common. They share a common traditional writing system, though this is used for shamanism rather than daily accounting. Dialects La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Awu Language
Awu () (autonym: '), is an unclassified Loloish language of Yunnan, China. It is spoken in Yuanyang County, Yunnan, China, including in the village of Xiaopingzi 小坪子, Daping Township 大坪乡 (Lu & Lu 2011).Lu Peng 卢鹏; Lu Wei 路伟. 2011. 国际哈尼/阿卡区域文化调查: 中国元阳县大坪哈尼族阿邬人文化实录. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press 云南人民出版社. Classification Andrew Hsiu (2017) suggests that Awu is related to Lawu of Xinping County, Yunnan, and that the two form a ''Lawu'' or '' Lawoish'' language branch. The linguistic evidence suggests that the ancestors of the Awu had migrated down the Red River valley from further up northwest, and arrived at their present location after migrating downstream. Lewu, an extinct language, may have been related. Identity and names The Awu consider themselves to be a separate ethnic group from the Hani people, including the Nuobi. However, the Awu are officially classified by the Chinese gover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jianshui County
Jianshui County (; Hani: ''Jeifsyu'') is a city in Honghe prefecture, Yunnan province, China. and remains an important transportation crossroad. Previously, it has been known as Lin'an () or Huili (); today, the name Lin'an Town is retained by Jianshui's county seat. Geography To the east lies Jijie, to the west Shiping, to the southeast Gejiu and Yuanyang, to the north Tonghai. Administrative divisions Jianshui County has 8 towns and 6 townships. ;8 towns ;6 townships Climate Tourist attractions *''Chao Yang Lou'' (Old East City Gate), Formerly known as Yinghuimen, Located at the eastern end of Lin'an Road, southeast of the county town. Built in the 22nd year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1389). *''Hutong''s or 'old neighbourhoods' with cobbled streets and stone wells. *Temple of Confucius, Jianshui - one of the largest Confucian temples in China, after that of Qufu, Shandong, Confucius' home town. *Shuanglong Bridge (pinyin 'shuang long qiao'), commonly known as S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southeastern Yi
The Southeastern Loloish languages, also known as Southeastern Ngwi, are a branch of the Loloish languages. In Lama's (2012) classification, it is called ''Axi-Puoid'', which forms the Nisoish branch together with the ''Nisoid'' (''Nisu–Lope'') (Northern Loloish) languages. Languages Southeastern Yi is one of the six Yi languages (''fangyan'' 方言) officially recognized by the Chinese government. Sani 撒尼 is the officially recognized literary standard for Southeastern Yi. Pelkey (2011) considers Southern Yi ( Nisu 尼苏) to be another officially recognized Yi ''fangyan'' 方言 that belongs to Southeastern Loloish. Pelkey (2011) Jamin Pelkey (2011) lists the following languages in Southeastern Ngwi (Southeastern Loloish). Four branches of Southeastern Loloish are recognized, namely ''Nisu'', ''Sani–Azha'', ''Highland Phula'', and ''Riverine Phula''. *Nisu: Nyisu?; Northern Nisu, Southern Nisu Azhe; Azha [+ Samei language">Samei?*Highland Phula: **Muji language"> ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ati Language (China)
Ati () is an unclassified Loloish language of Huaning County, Yunnan, China. Pelkey (2011:431)Pelkey, Jamin. 2011. ''Dialectology As Dialectic: Interpreting Phula Variation''. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. suggests that the Xiqi, Ati, and Long languages of Huaning County may be Southeastern Loloish languages. Distribution The ''Huaning County Gazetteer'' 华宁县志 (1994:514) lists the following locations of Ati. *Huaxi Township 华溪乡: Xiaozhai 小寨, Daxinzhai 大新寨, Heiniubai 黑牛白 *Chengjiao Township 城郊乡: Faguo 法果, Mada 吗哒, Zanle 咱乐, Chongmai 冲麦 *Xincheng Township 新城乡: Longmu 龙亩, Tulaoyi 土老依, Naguo 那果 *Tonghongdian Township 通红甸乡: Zele 则勒, Momian 磨面, Xiaoguodi 小锅底 *Qinglong Township 青龙镇: Zhongcun 中村, Yifu 矣甫, Daomakan 倒马坎 *Lufeng Township 禄丰乡: Chekaibi 扯开比 Vocabulary The Huaning County Ethnic Gazetteer (1992:72)Huaning County Ethnic Gazetteer Editorial Committee (ed). 1992 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unclassified Language
An unclassified language is a language whose genetic affiliation to other languages has not been established. Languages can be unclassified for a variety of reasons, mostly due to a lack of reliable data but sometimes due to the confounding influence of language contact, if different layers of its vocabulary or morphology point in different directions and it is not clear which represents the ancestral form of the language. Some poorly known extinct languages, such as Gutian and Cacán, are simply unclassifiable, and it is unlikely the situation will ever change. A supposedly unclassified language may turn out not to be a language at all, or even a distinct dialect, but merely a family, tribal or village name, or an alternative name for a people or language that is classified. If a language's genetic relationship has not been established after significant documentation of the language and comparison with other languages and families, as in the case of Basque in Europe, it is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bokha Language
Muji or Muzi is a Loloish language cluster spoken by the Phula people of China. It is one of several such languages to go by the name ''Muji''. Muji varieties are Northern Muji, Qila Muji, Southern Muji, and Bokha–Phuma. The representative Southern Muji dialect studied in Pelkey (2011) is that of Pujiazhai (普家寨), Adebo Township (阿德博乡), Jinping County. Qila Muji is spoken in the following three villages: *Qila (期腊) Laojizhai Township (老集寨乡), southern Jinping County, China *Wantan, Jinshuihe Township 金水河镇, southern Jinping County, China *Muong Gong, northwestern Lai Châu Province Lai or LAI may refer to: Abbreviations * Austrian Latin America Institute (Österreichisches Lateinamerika-Institut) * ''Latin American Idol'', TV series * La Trobe Institute, Melbourne, Australia * Leaf area index, leaf area of a crop or ve ..., Vietnam Phonology Qila dialect has velar lateral affricates , , . References Further reading * Loloish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endonym And Exonym
An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, or linguistic community in question; it is their self-designated name for themselves, their homeland, or their language. An exonym (from Greek: , 'outer' + , 'name'; also known as xenonym) is an established, ''non-native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used only outside that particular place, group, or linguistic community. Exonyms exist not only for historico-geographical reasons but also in consideration of difficulties when pronouncing foreign words. For instance, is the endonym for the country that is also known by the exonym ''Germany'' in English, in Spanish and in French. Naming and etymology The terms ''autonym'', ''endonym'', ''exonym'' and ''xe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phongsali Province
Phongsaly province ( Lao ຜົ້ງສາລີ), also spelled ''Phôngsali'', is a province of Laos in the extreme north of the country. The capital of the province is the city of Phôngsali. Phongsaly is between Yunnan (China), and Điện Biên province in Vietnam. Its culture has thus been historically heavily influenced by China. Phongsaly province covers an area of , out of which 77% has forest cover. The province borders China to the north and west, Vietnam to the east, Luang Prabang province to the south, and Oudomxai province to the southwest. The highest mountain in the province is Phou Doychy with an elevation of Protected areas in the province include the Phou Dene Din National Biodiversity Conservation Area and Nam Lan Conservation Area. Agriculture is the mainstay of the people of the province. Phongsaly is the primary trade gateway between Laos and China, exporting lumber and importing several types of finished goods. History The Phunoi left Muang Sing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
