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North American Numbering Plan Expansion
The expansion of the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) is the anticipated requirement for providing more telephone numbers to accommodate future needs beyond the pool of ten-digit telephone numbers. Ten-digit telephone numbers have been in use in the United States and Canada in long-distance telephone service since 1947. An October 2020 analysis estimated that the numbering plan would not be exhausted until after the year 2050. History In the 1940s, the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) devised the first comprehensive continental telephone numbering plan to implement destination routing in Operator Toll Dialing with the goal of speeding the connection times in long-distance telephony. By 1951, this plan became the foundation for Direct Distance Dialing by telephone service subscribers. In the following two decades, the numbering plan became the foundation for the North American Numbering Plan (NANP), a membership organization for North American countries and af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North American Numbering Plan
The North American Numbering Plan (NANP) is a telephone numbering plan for twenty-five regions in twenty countries, primarily in North America and the Caribbean. This group is historically known as World Zone 1 and has the international calling code ''1''. Some North American countries, most notably Mexico, do not participate in the NANP. The NANP was originally devised in the 1940s by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) for the Bell System and the independent telephone operators in North America. The goal was to unify the diverse local numbering plans that had been established in the preceding decades and prepare the continent for direct-dialing of calls by customers without the involvement of telephone operators. AT&T continued to administer the numbering plan until the breakup of the Bell System, when administration was delegated to the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA), a service that has been procured from the private sector by the Fede ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Area Code Split
In telecommunications, an area code split is the practice of introducing a new telephone area code by geographically dividing an existing numbering plan area (NPA), and assigning area codes to the resulting divisions, but retaining the existing area code only for one of the divisions. The purpose of this practice is to provide more central office prefixes, and therefore more telephone numbers, in an area with high demand for telephone services, and prevent a shortage of telephone numbers. An increasing demand for telephone numbers has existed since the development of automatic telephony in the early 20th century, but was spurred especially since the 1990s, with the proliferation of fax machines, pager systems, mobile telephones, computer modems, and finally smart phones. When an area code split is implemented, the telephone numbers in the affected area are typically changed to a new area code only, but this still requires the printing of new stationery, advertisements, and signag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Local Call
In telephony, the term local call has the following meanings: # Any call using a single switching center; that is, not traveling to another telephone network; # A call made within a local calling area as defined by the local exchange carrier; # Any call for which an additional charge, ''i.e.'', toll charge, is not billed to the calling or called party, or (depending on the country) for which this charge is reduced because it is a short-distance call (e.g. within a town or local metropolitan area). Typically, local calls have shorter numbers than long-distance calls, as the area code may not be required. However, this is not true in parts of the United States and Canada that are subject to overlay plans or many countries in Europe that require closed dialing plans. Toll free (e.g. "800" numbers in the United States) are not necessarily local calls; despite being free to the caller, any charge due for the distance of the connection is charged to the ''called'' party. Commercial us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open Numbering Plan
A telephone numbering plan is a type of numbering scheme used in telecommunication to assign telephone numbers to subscriber telephones or other telephony endpoints. Telephone numbers are the addresses of participants in a telephone network, reachable by a system of destination code routing. Telephone numbering plans are defined in each of the administrative regions of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and in private telephone networks. For public numbering systems, geographic location typically plays a role in the sequence of numbers assigned to each telephone subscriber. Many numbering plan administrators subdivide their territory of service into geographic regions designated by a prefix, often called an area code or city code, which is a set of digits forming the most-significant part of the dialing sequence to reach a telephone subscriber. Numbering plans may follow a variety of design strategies which have often arisen from the historical evolution of individual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Number Pooling
Number pooling is a method of reallocating telephony numbering space in the North American Numbering Plan, primarily in growth areas in the United States. Instead of allocating blocks of ten thousand numbers to each carrier in each community, a block of ten thousand numbers is assigned to an individual geographic rate center. That block is then split into ten blocks of a thousand numbers each, which can be separately assigned to competitive local exchange carriers by a number pooling administrator. This reduces the quantity of wasted numbers in markets which have been fragmented between multiple carriers. History The North American Numbering Plan is based on fixed-length telephone numbers; when area codes (1947) and direct distance dialling (1951) were first introduced, North American numbers were gradually extended to a fixed length in the format 1 + three-digit area code + three-digit exchange prefix + four-digit subscriber number. Each central office (CO) code (exchange prefix) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rate Center
In the North American Numbering Plan, a rate center (rate centre in Canada) is a geographically-specified area used for determining mileage and/or usage dependent rates in the public switched telephone network. Unlike a wire center (which is the actual physical telephone exchange building), a rate center is a regulatory construct created primarily for billing purposes. Each rate center is associated with: * a geographical place name (city, province/state) * a nominal physical location (V and H co-ordinates) for distance calculations for billing purposes * one or more prefixes, in the form +1-NPA-NXX, which each identify a block of ten thousand directory numbers * a specified local calling area, identified as a list of other individual rate centers to which local or flat-rate landline calling is provided A rate center may contain one or multiple physical wire centers; conversely, it may merely be a legal fiction retained for billing purposes with its actual subscribers served f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ten-digit Dialing
Ten-digit dialing is a telephone dialing procedure in the countries and territories that are members of the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). It is the practice of including the area code of a telephone number when dialing to initiate a telephone call. When necessary, the ten-digit number may be prefixed with the trunk code ''1'', which is referred to as ''1+10-digit dialing'' or ''national format''. History The implementation and expansion of the North American Numbering Plan between 1947 and 1992 preserved a long-standing practice in the United States and Canada that callers should only need to dial the local seven-digit telephone number when placing a call within the caller's exchange area or within the home numbering plan area (NPA). In seven-digit dialing. callers dialed the three-digit central office code and the four-digit station number of the telephone subscriber to reach in the same numbering plan area. Dialing of an area code before the telephone number, referred to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seven-digit Dialing
Seven-digit dialing is a telephone dialing procedure customary in some territories of the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for dialing telephone numbers in the same numbering plan area (NPA). NANP telephone numbers consist of ten digits, of which the leading three are the area code. In seven-digit dialing it is not necessary to dial the area code. The procedure is also sometimes known as ''local format'' or ''network format''. History Originally, telephone exchanges consisted of manual switchboards operated by switchboard operators. Telephone numbers had typically two to four digits, depending on the size of the community. As the number of subscribers grew, multiple exchanges served individual neighborhoods of large cities. Multiple exchanges were identified by a central office name and typically four digits, such as "Pennsylvania 5000". A rural telephone number, often party line, had often up to four digits plus a letter or letter and digits to indicate which of the multipl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Overlay Plan
Overlay may refer to: Computers *Overlay network, a computer network which is built on top of another network *Hardware overlay, one type of video overlay that uses memory dedicated to the application *Another term for exec, replacing one process by another *Overlay (programming), a technique to reduce the amount of memory used by a program *Overlay keyboard, a specialized keyboard with no pre-set keys * Keyboard overlay, a sheet of printed text sitting between the keys, depicting an alternate keyboard layout *Vector overlay, an analysis procedure in a geographic information system for integrating multiple data sets Other uses *Overlay architecture, temporary elements that supplement existing buildings and infrastructure for major sporting events or festivals *Overlay control, in semiconductor manufacturing, for monitoring layer-to-layer alignment on multi-layer device structures *Overlay plan, a method of introducing new area codes in telephony *Historic overlay district, a zonin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telephone Number
A telephone number is a sequence of digits assigned to a landline telephone subscriber station connected to a telephone line or to a wireless electronic telephony device, such as a radio telephone or a mobile telephone, or to other devices for data transmission via the public switched telephone network (PSTN) or other public and private networks. A telephone number serves as an address for switching telephone calls using a system of destination code routing. Telephone numbers are entered or dialed by a calling party on the originating telephone set, which transmits the sequence of digits in the process of signaling to a telephone exchange. The exchange completes the call either to another locally connected subscriber or via the PSTN to the called party. Telephone numbers are assigned within the framework of a national or regional telephone numbering plan to subscribers by telephone service operators, which may be commercial entities, state-controlled administrations, or oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interchangeable NPA Code
In the North American Numbering Plan (NANP), interchangeable NPA and central office codes constituted a change in numbering plan design and policy, to mitigate exhaustion of the numbering resources of the ten-digit telephone numbers used in the closed numbering plan of the NANP. Interchangeable NPA and central office codes are codes that permit any of the ten numerals in the middle position of the area code and the central office code, which both are three-digit numbers.AT&T Network Planning Division, ''Notes on the Network'', Section 2 (1980) This change in numbering format was implemented first for central office codes by 1973, which eliminated the restriction in the middle digit (''2'' to ''9'') to also permit ''0'' and ''1''. The middle position of the area code could only be ''0'' and ''1''. In 1995, this restriction for area codes was lifted as well, creating interchangeable NPA codes. History and background The ten-digit telephone numbers of the NANP consist of a three-digit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
