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Non-Muslim Interactants With Muslims During Muhammad's Era
This is a list of the non-Muslim interactants with Muslims during Muhammad's era. In Islam, the Ṣaḥābah ( ar, الصحابة "companions") were the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. This form is plural; the singular is ''Ṣaḥābi'' (fem. ''Ṣaḥabiyyah''). A list of the best-known companions can be found at List of companions of Muhammad at youngmuslims.ca Arabian Peninsula * – * |
Kafir
Kafir ( ar, كافر '; plural ', ' or '; feminine '; feminine plural ' or ') is an Arabic and Islamic term which, in the Islamic tradition, refers to a person who disbelieves in God as per Islam, or denies his authority, or rejects the tenets of Islam. The term is often translated as "infidel", "pagan", "rejector", " denier", "disbeliever", "unbeliever", "nonbeliever", and "non-Muslim". The term is used in different ways in the Quran, with the most fundamental sense being "ungrateful" (toward God). ''Kufr'' means "unbelief" or "non-belief", "to be thankless", "to be faithless", or "ingratitude". The opposite term of ''kufr'' is '' īmān'' (faith), and the opposite of ''kāfir'' is '' muʾmin'' (believer). A person who denies the existence of a creator might be called a '' dahri''. ''Kafir'' is sometimes used interchangeably with ''mushrik'' (, those who practice polytheism), another type of religious wrongdoer mentioned frequently in the Quran and other Islamic wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sahaba
The Companions of the Prophet ( ar, اَلصَّحَابَةُ; ''aṣ-ṣaḥāba'' meaning "the companions", from the verb meaning "accompany", "keep company with", "associate with") were the disciples and followers of Muhammad who saw or met him during his lifetime, while being a Muslim and were physically in his presence. "Al-ṣaḥāba" is definite plural; the indefinite singular is masculine ('), feminine ('). Later Islamic scholars accepted their testimony of the words and deeds of Muhammad, the occasions on which the Quran was revealed and other various important matters of Islamic history and practice. The testimony of the companions, as it was passed down through trusted chains of narrators (''isnad''s), was the basis of the developing Islamic tradition. From the traditions (''hadith'') of the life of Muhammad and his companions are drawn the Muslim way of life ('' sunnah''), the code of conduct (''sharia'') it requires, and the jurisprudence (''fiqh'') by which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umayah Ibn Khalaf
Umayya ibn Khalaf () (died 13 March 624) was an Arab slave master and the chieftain of the Banu Jumah of the Quraysh in the seventh century. He was one of the chief opponents against the Muslims led by Muhammad. Umayya is best known as the master of Bilal ibn Rabah, a slave he tortured for embracing Islam who eventually became the first mu'azzin. Family Umayyah ibn Khalaf was a son of Khalaf ibn Habib ibn Wahb ibn Hudhafah ibn Jumah and he was a brother of Ubay ibn Khalaf. He married three times: *By his wife, Safiya bint Ma'mar ibn Habib, he had some sons: Safwan, Ahyah, and Salamah. *By his wife, Karima bint Ma'mar ibn Habib, he had some sons: Walid and Ali (who were both slain at Badr), Rabi'ah, Muslim, Ma'bad and Mas'ud. *By his wife, Layla bint Habib al-Tamimiyya from B. Tamim, he had a daughter, named al-Taw'ama bint Umayyah. Opposition to Islam Umayyah was involved in the pagan religious ceremonies of Mecca, where he distributed perfume in the square of the Kaaba. After ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global population. Its adherents, known as Christians, are estimated to make up a majority of the population in 157 countries and territories, and believe that Jesus is the Son of God, whose coming as the messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible (called the Old Testament in Christianity) and chronicled in the New Testament. Christianity began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the 1st century Hellenistic Judaism in the Roman province of Judea. Jesus' apostles and their followers spread around the Levant, Europe, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, the South Caucasus, Ancient Carthage, Egypt, and Ethiopia, despite significant initial persecution. It soon attracted gentile God-fearers, which led to a departure from Jewish customs, and, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ubayd-Allah Ibn Jahsh
Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh ( ar, عبيد الله بن جحش) () was one of the four monotheistic hanifs mentioned by Ibn Ishaq, the others being Waraka ibn Nawfal, Uthman ibn Huwairith and Zayd ibn Amr. Biography He was the son of Jahsh ibn Riyab and Umayma bint Abd al-Muttalib, hence a brother of Abd-Allah ibn Jahsh, Zaynab bint Jahsh, Abu Ahmad ibn Jahsh, Habiba bint Jahsh and Hammanah bint Jahsh, a first cousin of Islamic prophet Muhammad and Ali, and a nephew of Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib. He married Ramla bint Abi Sufyan (who was also known as Umm Habiba), and they had one daughter, Habibah bint Ubayd-Allah. He and his wife became Muslims and, in order to escape from the Meccan persecution, they emigrated to Abyssinia. At Axum, part of the Aksumite Empire, the Christian king, commonly known as Najashi; Aṣḥama ibn Abjar, gave sanctuary to the Muslims. There Ubayd-Allah eventually converted to Christianity and testified his new faith to the other Muslim refugees. Ibn I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umm Anmaar
Umm Anmar () was a woman of the Banū Khuza'āh clan that met the Ṣaḥābah of Muḥammad. She bought the slave Khabbab ibn al-Aratt. She and her brother Siba'a ibn Abd al-Uzza Siba'a ibn Abd al-Uzza () was a man that met the sahaba. He was given the job to torture Khabbab ibn al-Aratt by the leaders of Quraish. Umm Anmaar Umm Anmar () was a woman of the Banū Khuza'āh clan that met the Ṣaḥābah of Muḥammad ... tortured Khabbab. She married Zuhayr ibn Abd al-As'ad. By whom, she had a son Anmar. References {{Islam-bio-stub Arab women 7th-century Arabs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siba'a Ibn Abd-al-Uzza
Siba'a ibn Abd-al-Uzza, Abd al-Uzza () was a man that met the sahaba. He was given the job to torture Khabbab ibn al-Aratt by the leaders of Quraysh (tribe), Quraish. Umm Anmaar was his sister. References {{Islam-bio-stub Companions of the Prophet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nawfal Ibn Khuwaylid
Nawfal ibn Khuwaylid ibn Asad was one of the non-Muslims who interacted with the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Biography Nawfal was the son of Khuwaylid ibn Asad and hence a paternal brother of Khadijah. His mother, known only as "Al-Adawiya", was from the Adiy clan of the Khuza’a tribe. "He was one of the principal men of the Quraysh."Guillaume/Ishaq p. 337. He had the byname "Lion of the Quraysh" and "was well known for his physical strength and bravery." His son Al-Aswad was an early convert to Islam who joined the migration to Abyssinia in 616. However, Nawfal opposed Muhammad and was known as "a satan of the Quraysh". At one time he bound Abu Bakr and Talha ibn Ubayd-Allah with a rope.MSA West Compendium of Muslim Text/ref> Due to this, those two became known as ''Al-Qareenayn'', "the two tied together". He was killed by Ali during the Battle of Badr in 624. However, according to another tradition, he was killed in the battle by his own nephew, Zubayr ibn al-Awwam Az Zuba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walid Ibn Mughira
, image = , title = Abu Abd Shams , caption = , succession = Chief of Banu Makhzum , moretext = , reign = 570–622 , reign-type = Rule , predecessor = Mughira ibn Abd Allah , pre-type = , cor-type = , successor = Amr ibn Hisham , suc-type = Successor , birth_date = 550 , birth_place = Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia , death_date = 622 , death_place = Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia , burial_date = , burial_place = Al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi ( ar, الوليد بن المغيرة المخزومي, ''al-Walīd ibn al-Mughīra al-Makhzūmī'') (550 – 622 AD) was the chief of the Banu Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe. Family He was the son of al-Mughīra ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar ibn Makhzūm. Sons: # Khālid ibn al-Walīd. His mother was Walid's wife, Lubāba as-Sughrá, that is, al-Asmā bint al-Ḥārith ibn al-Ḥazn. However, neither Khalid nor his brothers had as yet converted to Islam at the time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mughira Ibn Abd-Allah
, image = , title = , caption = , succession = Chief of the Quraysh , moretext = , reign = Early 6th century – 570 , reign-type = Rule , predecessor = Abd Allah ibn Umar al-Makhzumi , pre-type = , cor-type = , successor = Walid ibn al-Mughira , suc-type = Successor , birth_date = later 5th-century , birth_place = Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia , death_date = 570 , death_place = Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia , burial_date = , burial_place = Al-Mughīra ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar ( ar, المغيرة بن عبد الله بن عمر) was a preeminent leader of the Quraysh tribe's Banu Makhzum clan in Mecca in the 6th century. His descendants, the Banu al-Mughira, became the principle house of the Makhzum for the remainder of the pre-Islamic period and in the centuries following the advent of Islam in the 620s. Life and legacy Al-Mughira was the son of Abd Allah ibn Umar and a great-grandson of the eponymous progenit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quraysh (tribe)
The Quraysh ( ar, قُرَيْشٌ) were a grouping of Arab clans that historically inhabited and controlled the city of Mecca and its Kaaba. The Islamic prophet Muhammad was born into the Hashim clan of the tribe. Despite this, many of the Quraysh staunchly opposed Muhammad, until converting to Islam ''en masse'' in CE. Afterwards, leadership of the Muslim community traditionally passed to a member of the Quraysh, as was the case with the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, and purportedly the Fatimid caliphates. Name Sources differ as to the etymology of Quraysh, with one theory holding that it was the diminutive form of ''qirsh'' (shark).Watt 1986, p. 435. The 9th-century genealogist Hisham ibn al-Kalbi asserted that there was no eponymous founder of Quraysh;Peters 1994, p. 14. rather, the name stemmed from ''taqarrush'', an Arabic word meaning "a coming together" or "association". The Quraysh gained their name when Qusayy ibn Kilab, a sixth-generation descendant of Fihr ibn Malik, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
