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NixOS
NixOS is a free and open-source Linux distribution based on the Nix package manager. NixOS uses an immutable design and an atomic update model. Its use of a declarative configuration system allows reproducibility and portability. NixOS is configured using composable modules, and relies on packages defined in thNixpkgsproject. Package recipes and configurations are written in the purpose-built "Nix language" that ships with the Nix package manager. History Nix began in 2003 as a research project led by Eelco Dolstra, who sought to develop a system for reliable software deployment. This work culminated in Dolstra's Ph.D. thesis, The Purely Functional Software Deployment Model, which proposed a novel approach to declarative, functional software configuration. His research, supervised by Eelco Visser at Utrecht University, laid the theoretical groundwork for Nix. In 2006, NixOS was introduced as part of Armijn Hemel's Master's thesis, which explored applying Nix principles to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nix Package Manager
Nix is a cross-platform package manager for Unix-like systems, and a tool to instantiate and manage those systems, invented in 2003 by Eelco Dolstra. Approach The Nix package manager employs a model in which software packages are each installed into unique directories with immutable contents. These directory names correspond to cryptographic hashes that take into account all dependencies of a package, including other packages managed by Nix. As a result, Nix package names are content-identifying since packages with the same name will have had the same inputs and the same build platform, and therefore the same build result. Implementation Package recipes for Nix are written in the purpose-built "Nix language", a declarative, purely functional, lazily evaluated, dynamically typed programming language. Distinguishing features of the Nix language are strings with "context", string interpolation, first-class file system paths, and "indented strings", which in combination allow co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GNU Guix
GNU Guix (; portmanteau of Guile and Nix) is a functional cross-platform package manager and a tool to instantiate and manage Unix-like operating systems, based on the Nix package manager. Configuration and package recipes are written in Guile Scheme. GNU Guix is the default package manager of the GNU Guix System distribution. Differing from traditional package managers, Guix (like Nix) utilizes a purely functional deployment model where software is installed into unique directories generated through cryptographic hashes. All dependencies for each software are included in the input of each hash. This solves the problem of dependency hell, allowing multiple versions of the same software to coexist which makes packages portable and reproducible. Performing scientific computations in a Guix setup has been proposed as a promising response to the replication crisis. The development of GNU Guix is intertwined with the GNU Guix System, an installable operating system dist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GNU Guix System
GNU Guix (; portmanteau of Guile and Nix) is a functional cross-platform package manager and a tool to instantiate and manage Unix-like operating systems, based on the Nix package manager. Configuration and package recipes are written in Guile Scheme. GNU Guix is the default package manager of the GNU Guix System distribution. Differing from traditional package managers, Guix (like Nix) utilizes a purely functional deployment model where software is installed into unique directories generated through cryptographic hashes. All dependencies for each software are included in the input of each hash. This solves the problem of dependency hell, allowing multiple versions of the same software to coexist which makes packages portable and reproducible. Performing scientific computations in a Guix setup has been proposed as a promising response to the replication crisis. The development of GNU Guix is intertwined with the GNU Guix System, an installable operating system distrib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armijn Hemel
Armijn Hemel is a technology consultant and noted watchman of free software. He is part of the gpl-violations.org core team, who have won several court cases against different companies, including D-Link and Skype, for violating the terms of the GNU General Public License. Biography Hemel was born in the late 1970s and grew up in the town of Tiel, Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether .... Armijn Hemel created the initial NixOS prototype during his master's degree studies. References External links armijnoIdenti.camicroblogging serviceOpen AdviceAutho*Contributor tHackvalue - Tales from the trenches of specialized web hosting and development the corporate blog oLoco {{DEFAULTSORT:Hemel, Armijn Year of birth missing (living people) Living people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ARM Architecture
ARM (stylised in lowercase as arm, formerly an acronym for Advanced RISC Machines and originally Acorn RISC Machine) is a family of reduced instruction set computer, RISC instruction set architectures (ISAs) for central processing unit, computer processors. Arm Holdings develops the ISAs and licenses them to other companies, who build the physical devices that use the instruction set. It also designs and licenses semiconductor intellectual property core, cores that implement these ISAs. Due to their low costs, low power consumption, and low heat generation, ARM processors are useful for light, portable, battery-powered devices, including smartphones, laptops, and tablet computers, as well as embedded systems. However, ARM processors are also used for desktop computer, desktops and server (computing), servers, including Fugaku (supercomputer), Fugaku, the world's fastest supercomputer from 2020 to 2022. With over 230 billion ARM chips produced, , ARM is the most widely used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) is a reference describing the conventions used for the layout of Unix-like systems. It has been made popular by its use in Linux distributions, but it is used by other Unix-like systems as well. It is maintained by the Linux Foundation. The latest version is 3.0, released on 3 June 2015. Directory structure In the FHS, all files and directories appear under the root directory /, even if they are stored on different physical or virtual devices. Some of these directories only exist in a particular system if certain subsystems, such as the X Window System, are installed. Most of these directories exist in all Unix-like operating systems and are generally used in much the same way; however, the descriptions here are those used specifically for the FHS and are not considered authoritative for platforms other than Linux. FHS compliance Most Linux distributions follow the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard and declare it their own policy to mai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GitHub
GitHub () is a Proprietary software, proprietary developer platform that allows developers to create, store, manage, and share their code. It uses Git to provide distributed version control and GitHub itself provides access control, bug tracking system, bug tracking, software feature requests, task management, continuous integration, and wikis for every project. Headquartered in California, GitHub, Inc. has been a subsidiary of Microsoft since 2018. It is commonly used to host open source software development projects. GitHub reported having over 100 million developers and more than 420 million Repository (version control), repositories, including at least 28 million public repositories. It is the world's largest source code host Over five billion developer contributions were made to more than 500 million open source projects in 2024. About Founding The development of the GitHub platform began on October 19, 2005. The site was launched in April 2008 by Tom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atomic Operation
In concurrent programming, an operation (or set of operations) is linearizable if it consists of an ordered list of Execution (computing), invocation and response Event (computing), events, that may be extended by adding response events such that: # The extended list can be re-expressed as a sequential history (is serializability, serializable). # That sequential history is a subset of the original unextended list. Informally, this means that the unmodified list of events is linearizable if and only if its invocations were serializable, but some of the responses of the serial schedule have yet to return. In a concurrent system, processes can access a shared Object (computer science), object at the same time. Because multiple processes are accessing a single object, a situation may arise in which while one process is accessing the object, another process changes its contents. Making a system linearizable is one solution to this problem. In a linearizable system, although operat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rollback (data Management)
In database technologies, a rollback is an operation which returns the database to some previous state. Rollbacks are important for database integrity, because they mean that the database can be restored to a clean copy even after erroneous operations are performed. They are crucial for recovering from database server crashes; by rolling back any transaction which was active at the time of the crash, the database is restored to a consistent state. The rollback feature is usually implemented with a transaction log, but can also be implemented via multiversion concurrency control. Cascading rollback A cascading rollback occurs in database systems when a transaction (T1) causes a failure and a rollback must be performed. Other transactions dependent on T1's actions must also be rollbacked due to T1's failure, thus causing a cascading effect. That is, one transaction's failure causes many to fail. Practical database recovery techniques guarantee cascadeless rollback, therefore a cas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Full Circle Magazine
''Full Circle'' is a free distribution Portable Document Format magazine that was founded by Ronnie Tucker in April 2007. It is released on the last Friday of every month in PDF, EPUB ebook format and also on the Issuu electronic publishing platform. The magazine is an independent publication and is not affiliated with Canonical Ltd., the sponsors of the Ubuntu operating system. It relies on volunteer writers for most of its editorial content. All text and images contained in the magazine are released under the Attribution-By-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons license. The publication is aimed at users of the Ubuntu operating system and all its derivatives, including Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Xubuntu, Edubuntu, as well as others like Linux Mint and its derivatives. It focuses on product reviews, community news, how-to articles, programming and troubleshooting tips. The latest issue is currently available in 23 languages but that number changes depending on community members will ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bash (Unix Shell)
In computing, Bash (short for "''Bourne Again SHell''") is an interactive command interpreter and command programming language developed for UNIX-like operating systems. Created in 1989 by Brian Fox for the GNU Project, it is supported by the Free Software Foundation and designed as a 100% free alternative for the Bourne shell (sh) and other proprietary Unix shells. Since its inception, Bash has gained widespread adoption and is commonly used as the default login shell for numerous Linux distributions. It holds historical significance as one of the earliest programs ported to Linux by Linus Torvalds, alongside the GNU Compiler ( GCC). It is available on nearly all modern operating systems, making it a versatile tool in various computing environments. As a command-line interface (CLI), Bash operates within a terminal emulator, or text window, where users input commands to execute various tasks. It also supports the execution of commands from files, known as shell scripts, f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
