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Niebla Homalea
''Niebla homalea'' is a species of fruticose lichen that grows on rocks in foggy areas along the Pacific Coast of North America, from Mendocino County, California south to Bahía de San Quintín on the main peninsula of Baja California, with an isolated occurrence further south on vertical rock faces above Punta Camachos, and other occurrences in the Channel Islands and on Guadalupe Island.Spjut, R. W. 1996. ''Niebla'' and ''Vermilacinia'' (Ramalinaceae) from California and Baja California. Sida Bot. Misc. 14 The epithet ''homalea'', given by Acharius, suggests it was in regard to the branches appearing flattened. Distinguishing features ''Niebla homalea'' is recognized by the thallus divided into narrow subcylindric, mostly linear shaped branches that have a glossy cortex frequently cracked along transverse ridges and by the branch margins alternating 90° in their orientation at frequent but irregular intervals; the branches are 4–8 cm long, 1–3 mm wide. Apot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erik Acharius
Erik Acharius (10 October 1757 – 14 August 1819) was a Swedish botanist who pioneered the taxonomy of lichens and is known as the "father of lichenology." Acharius was famously the last pupil of Carl Linnaeus. Life Acharius was born in 1757 to Johan Eric Acharius and Catharina Margaretha Hagtorn in Gävle.Sernander., K. “Erik Acharius - Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon.” Fredrik Teodor Borg - Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon, sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=5503. He received a private education until he was admitted to Gävle Gymnasium in 1770. Later he matriculated at Uppsala University in 1773 where he studied natural history and medicine under Linnaeus and was the last student to defend a dissertation before him.Thell, A., Kärnefelt, I., Seaward, M., & Westberg, M. (Eds.) (2013). In the footsteps of Erik Acharius. 20th biennial meeting of the Nordic Lichen Society. Vadstena 11–15 August 2013. Programme and Abstracts. Nordic Lichen Society. Acharius's dissert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giuseppe De Notaris
Giuseppe De Notaris (18 April 1805, Milan – 22 January 1877) was an Italian botanist generally known for his work with cryptogams native to Italy. He studied medicine at the University of Pavia, obtaining his medical degree in 1830. Having developed an interest in botany, by 1832 he had abandoned the field of medicine. In 1836 he accepted an assignment at the botanical garden in Turin, and a few years later, was named professor of botany and director of the botanical garden at the University of Genoa (1839). In 1872 he was appointed chair of botany at the University of Rome. In the field of mycology, he proposed the fungi family Hypocreaceae (1845). With Antonio Bey Figari (1804-1870), he described numerous species from the family Poaceae. With Figari, he was the binomial co-author of the grass genus ''Schistachne'' (synonym ''Stipagrostis''). Organisms with the specific epithet of ''notarisiana'' commemorate his name. Selected works * Muscologiae italicae spicilegium, 1837 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vermilacinia Flaccescens
''Vermilacinia flaccescens'' is a fruticose lichen that grows on cacti and shrubs in the fog regions along the Pacific Coast of South America, Peru, Chile and in the Juan Fernandez IslandsSpjut, R. W. 1996. ''Niebla'' and ''Vermilacinia'' (Ramalinaceae) from California and Baja California. Sida The epithet is in reference to the flaccid thallus but some specimens have been interpreted to have rigid branches. Distinguishing Features ''Vermilacinia flaccescens'' is classified in the subgenus ''Cylindricaria'' in which it is distinguished from related species by the thallus divided into long subcylindrical branches and by containing the lichen substance methyl 3,5 dichlorolecanorate, with or without zeorin and/or (-)-16 α-hydroxykaurane. Taxonomic History ''Vermilacinia flaccescens'' was first described by William Nylander in 1870 as a species of ''Ramalina''.Nylander W. 1870. Recognitio monographica Ramalinarum. Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, Sr. 2, 4:101–181. It was tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vermilacinia Combeoides
''Vermilacinia combeoides'' is a fruticose lichen found on rocks along the Pacific Coast of North America from Sonoma County, California south to San Quintín, Baja California, and also on Santa Catalina Island and Guadalupe Island.Spjut, R. W. 1996. ''Niebla'' and ''Vermilacinia'' (Ramalinaceae) from California and Baja California. Sida Miscellany 14 Distinguishing features ''Vermilacinia combeoides'' is distinguished by round clumps of erect tubular branches that are 2–4 cm high, averaging 1 cm in diameter, mostly undivided. The surface of the cortex appears uneven due to irregular protrusion of ridges and development of transverse cracks. Pycnidia are inconspicuous, immersed in the cortex. Apothecia are solitary or few clustered near ends of branches. A characteristic lichen substance is the diterpene (-)-16 α-hydroxykaurane. Unlike many species in subgenus ''Vermilacinia'', ''V. combeoides'' does not produce the unknown terpene, T3, and zeorin, a triterpe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Nylander (botanist)
William (Wilhem) Nylander (3 January 1822 – 29 March 1899) was a Finnish botanist and entomologist. Nylander was born in Oulu, and taught at the University of Helsinki before moving to Paris, where he lived until his death in 1899. Nylander studied medicine, receiving a degree in 1847. Nylander pioneered the technique of determining the taxonomy of lichens by the use of chemical reagents, such as potassium hydroxide, tinctures of iodine and calcium hypochlorite, still used by lichenologists as the K and C tests. Nylander was the first to realise the effect of atmospheric pollution Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. There are many different types ... on the growth of lichens, an important discovery that paved the way for the use of lichens to detect pollution and determine the cleanness o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Efflorescence
In chemistry, efflorescence (which means "to flower out" in French) is the migration of a salt to the surface of a porous material, where it forms a coating. The essential process involves the dissolving of an internally held salt in water, or occasionally in another solvent. The water, with the salt now held in solution, migrates to the surface, then evaporates, leaving a coating of the salt. In what has been described as "primary efflorescence", the water is the invader and the salt was already present internally, and a reverse process, where the salt is originally present externally and is then carried inside in solution, is referred to as "secondary efflorescence". Efflorescences can occur in natural and built environments. On porous construction materials it may present a cosmetic outer problem only (primary efflorescence causing staining), but can sometimes indicate internal structural weakness (migration/degradation of component materials). Efflorescence may clog the po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Code Of Botanical Nomenclature
The ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all those "traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants".. It was formerly called the ''International Code of Botanical Nomenclature'' (ICBN); the name was changed at the International Botanical Congress in Melbourne in July 2011 as part of the ''Melbourne Code''. which replaced the ''Vienna Code'' of 2005. The current version of the code is the ''Shenzhen Code'' adopted by the International Botanical Congress held in Shenzhen, China, in July 2017. As with previous codes, it took effect as soon as it was ratified by the congress (on 29 July 2017), but the documentation of the code in its final form was not published until 26 June 2018. The name of the ''Code'' is partly capitalized and partly not. The lower-case for "algae, fungi, and plants" indica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basionym
In the scientific name of organisms, basionym or basyonym means the original name on which a new name is based; the author citation of the new name should include the authors of the basionym in parentheses. The term "basionym" is used in both botany and zoology. In zoology, alternate terms such as original combination or protonym are sometimes used instead. Bacteriology uses a similar term, basonym, spelled without an ''i''. Although "basionym" and "protonym" are often used interchangeably, they have slightly different technical definitions. A basionym is the ''correct'' spelling of the original name (according to the applicable nomenclature rules), while a protonym is the ''original'' spelling of the original name. These are typically the same, but in rare cases may differ. Use in botany The term "basionym" is used in botany only for the circumstances where a previous name exists with a useful description, and the '' International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usnea
''Usnea'' is a genus of mostly pale grayish-green fruticose lichens that grow like leafless mini-shrubs or tassels anchored on bark or twigs.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, The genus is in the family Parmeliaceae. It grows all over the world. Members of the genus are commonly called old man's beard, beard lichen, or beard moss. Like other lichens it is a symbiosis of two or three fungi and an alga. In ''Usnea'', the fungus belongs to the division Ascomycota, while the alga is a member of the division Chlorophyta. Members of the genus are similar to those of the genus '' Alectoria''. A distinguishing test is that the branches of ''Usnea'' are somewhat elastic, but the branches of ''Alectoria'' snap cleanly off. Systematics The genus ''Usnea'' was circumscribed by Michel Adanson in 1763. He used the name designated by Johann Jacob Dillenius, whose earlier published description did not met the rules of valid publication as estab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roccella (lichen)
''Roccella'' is a genus of 23 species of lichens in the family Roccellaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1805, with ''Roccella fuciformis'' as the type species. Species *'' Roccella albida'' *'' Roccella bajasurensis'' *'' Roccella botrytis'' *'' Roccella colonii'' *'' Roccella elisabethae'' *'' Roccella floreana'' *''Roccella floribrassica'' *''Roccella fuciformis'' *'' Roccella fusca'' *'' Roccella geniculata'' – Galápagos Islands *''Roccella glebaria'' – Galápagos Islands *''Roccella gracilis'' *''Roccella hertelii'' *''Roccella incurvata'' *''Roccella kappeniana'' – Galápagos Islands *''Roccella maderensis'' *''Roccella minuta'' *''Roccella montagnei'' *''Roccella phycopsioides'' *''Roccella phycopsis'' *'' Roccella sanctae-helenae'' *'' Roccella stipitata'' – Galápagos Islands *''Roccella tinctoria ''Roccella tinctoria'' is a lichenised species of fungus in the genus ''Roccella'', homotyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evernia
''Evernia'' is a genus of bushy lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Description Oakmoss '' Evernia prunastri'' is used as a fixative agent in Eau de Cologne within the perfume industry. It is green on top and white on bottom, and divides evenly into "forks"; it becomes very soft when wet. It is not to be confused with ''Ramalina'', which is straplike, stiff and bristly, green on top and bottom, and divides unevenly. ''Evernia'' is an abundant genus, found growing on trees."Evernia." Oregon State University. Retrieved on 25 Sept 2007. References Parmeliaceae Lecanorales genera Lichen genera Taxa named by Erik Acharius Taxa described in 1809 {{Parmeliaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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