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Nidularia Heterospora
''Nidularia'' is a genus of nine species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Their fruit bodies resemble tiny egg-filled bird nests. The name comes from the Latin meaning ''nest''. The related genus ''Mycocalia'' was segregated from ''Nidularia'' in 1961 based on differences in the microscopic structure of the peridium. Taxonomy The name ''Nidularia'' first appeared in the scientific literature in 1790 when Pierre Bulliard published ''N. vernicosa'' and ''N. laevis''. This name, however, was not validly published, as it predated the starting point for naming of gasteroid fungi (1801), and it lacked a generic description. Jean Bulliard gave a generic description in 1791 when he added ''N. striata''. ''N. striata'' and ''N. vernicosa'' are now placed in ''Cyathus'', while ''N. laevis'' is in '' Crucibulum''. Bulliard's concept of ''Nidularia'' is synonymous with ''Cyathus''. ''Nidularia'' was again circumscribed in 1817 by Swedish mycologist El ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elias Magnus Fries
Elias Magnus Fries (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. Career Fries was born at Femsjö (Hylte Municipality), Småland, the son of the pastor there. He attended school in Växjö. He acquired an extensive knowledge of flowering plants from his father. In 1811 Fries entered Lund University where he obtained a doctorate in 1814. In the same year he was appointed an associate professorship in botany. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and in 1824, became a full professor. In 1834 he became Borgström professor (Swed. ''Borgströmianska professuren'', a chair endowed by Erik Eriksson Borgström, 1708–1770) in applied economics at Uppsala University. The position was changed to "professor of botany and applied economics" in 1851. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1849. That year he was also appointed director of the Uppsala University Botanica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circumscription (taxonomy)
In biological taxonomy, circumscription is the content of a taxon, that is, the delimitation of which subordinate taxa are parts of that taxon. If we determine that species X, Y, and Z belong in Genus A, and species T, U, V, and W belong in Genus B, those are our circumscriptions of those two genera. Another systematist might determine that T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z all belong in genus A. Agreement on circumscriptions is not governed by the Codes of Zoological or Botanical Nomenclature, and must be reached by scientific consensus. A goal of biological taxonomy is to achieve a stable circumscription for every taxon. This goal conflicts, at times, with the goal of achieving a natural classification that reflects the evolutionary history of divergence of groups of organisms. Balancing these two goals is a work in progress, and the circumscriptions of many taxa that had been regarded as stable for decades are in upheaval in the light of rapid developments in molecular phylogenetics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidularia Griseolazulina
''Nidularia'' is a genus of nine species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Their fruit bodies resemble tiny egg-filled bird nests. The name comes from the Latin meaning ''nest''. The related genus '' Mycocalia'' was segregated from ''Nidularia'' in 1961 based on differences in the microscopic structure of the peridium. Taxonomy The name ''Nidularia'' first appeared in the scientific literature in 1790 when Pierre Bulliard published ''N. vernicosa'' and ''N. laevis''. This name, however, was not validly published, as it predated the starting point for naming of gasteroid fungi (1801), and it lacked a generic description. Jean Bulliard gave a generic description in 1791 when he added ''N. striata''. ''N. striata'' and ''N. vernicosa'' are now placed in ''Cyathus'', while ''N. laevis'' is in '' Crucibulum''. Bulliard's concept of ''Nidularia'' is synonymous with ''Cyathus''. ''Nidularia'' was again circumscribed in 1817 by Swedish mycologist E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidularia Castanea
''Nidularia'' is a genus of nine species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Their fruit bodies resemble tiny egg-filled bird nests. The name comes from the Latin meaning ''nest''. The related genus '' Mycocalia'' was segregated from ''Nidularia'' in 1961 based on differences in the microscopic structure of the peridium. Taxonomy The name ''Nidularia'' first appeared in the scientific literature in 1790 when Pierre Bulliard published ''N. vernicosa'' and ''N. laevis''. This name, however, was not validly published, as it predated the starting point for naming of gasteroid fungi (1801), and it lacked a generic description. Jean Bulliard gave a generic description in 1791 when he added ''N. striata''. ''N. striata'' and ''N. vernicosa'' are now placed in ''Cyathus'', while ''N. laevis'' is in '' Crucibulum''. Bulliard's concept of ''Nidularia'' is synonymous with ''Cyathus''. ''Nidularia'' was again circumscribed in 1817 by Swedish mycologist E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidularia Campoi
''Nidularia'' is a genus of nine species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Their fruit bodies resemble tiny egg-filled bird nests. The name comes from the Latin meaning ''nest''. The related genus '' Mycocalia'' was segregated from ''Nidularia'' in 1961 based on differences in the microscopic structure of the peridium. Taxonomy The name ''Nidularia'' first appeared in the scientific literature in 1790 when Pierre Bulliard published ''N. vernicosa'' and ''N. laevis''. This name, however, was not validly published, as it predated the starting point for naming of gasteroid fungi (1801), and it lacked a generic description. Jean Bulliard gave a generic description in 1791 when he added ''N. striata''. ''N. striata'' and ''N. vernicosa'' are now placed in ''Cyathus'', while ''N. laevis'' is in '' Crucibulum''. Bulliard's concept of ''Nidularia'' is synonymous with ''Cyathus''. ''Nidularia'' was again circumscribed in 1817 by Swedish mycologist E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidularia Bonaerensis
''Nidularia'' is a genus of nine species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Their fruit bodies resemble tiny egg-filled bird nests. The name comes from the Latin meaning ''nest''. The related genus '' Mycocalia'' was segregated from ''Nidularia'' in 1961 based on differences in the microscopic structure of the peridium. Taxonomy The name ''Nidularia'' first appeared in the scientific literature in 1790 when Pierre Bulliard published ''N. vernicosa'' and ''N. laevis''. This name, however, was not validly published, as it predated the starting point for naming of gasteroid fungi (1801), and it lacked a generic description. Jean Bulliard gave a generic description in 1791 when he added ''N. striata''. ''N. striata'' and ''N. vernicosa'' are now placed in ''Cyathus'', while ''N. laevis'' is in '' Crucibulum''. Bulliard's concept of ''Nidularia'' is synonymous with ''Cyathus''. ''Nidularia'' was again circumscribed in 1817 by Swedish mycologist E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Index Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names ( scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is somewhat comparable to the International Plant Names Index (IPNI), in which the Royal Botanic Gardens is also involved. A difference is that where IPNI does not indicate correct names, the ''Index Fungorum'' does indicate the status of a name. In the returns from the search page a currently correct name is indicated in green, while others are in blue (a few, aberrant usages of names are indicated in red). All names are linked to pages giving the correct name, with lists of synonyms. ''Index Fungorum'' is one of three nomenclatural repositories recognized by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi; the others are ''MycoBank'' and ''Fungal Names''. Current names in ''Index Fungorum'' (''Speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical framew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidula
''Nidula'' is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Their fruit bodies resemble tiny egg-filled birds' nests, from which they derive their common name "bird's nest fungi". Originally described in 1902, the genus differs from the related genera ''Cyathus'' and ''Crucibulum'' by the absence of a cord that attaches the eggs to the inside of the fruit body. The life cycle of this genus allows it to reproduce both sexually, with meiosis, and asexually via spores. Species in this genus produce a number of bioactive compounds, including 4-(''p''-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, a major component of raspberry flavor and insect attractor used in pesticides. Taxonomy The genus ''Nidula'' was originally proposed by Violet S. White in her monograph on the North American species of the Nidulariaceae, and included the species ''N. candida'' and ''N. microcarpa''. The genus name is derived from the Latin ''nidula'', meaning "little nest".Brodie, ''The Bird's Nest Fungi'', p. 142. Alth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidulariaceae
The Nidulariaceae ('nidulus' - small nest) are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Commonly known as the bird's nest fungi, their fruiting bodies resemble tiny egg-filled birds' nests. As they are saprobic, feeding on decomposing organic matter, they are often seen growing on decaying wood and in soils enriched with wood chips or bark mulch; they have a widespread distribution in most ecological regions. The five genera within the family, namely, ''Crucibulum'', ''Cyathus'', ''Mycocalia'', '' Nidula'', and '' Nidularia'', are distinguished from each other by differences in morphology and peridiole structure; more recently, phylogenetic analysis and comparison of DNA sequences is guiding new decisions in the taxonomic organization of this family. History Bird's nest fungi were first mentioned by Flemish botanist Carolus Clusius in ''Rariorum plantarum historia'' (1601). Over the next couple of centuries, these fungi were the subject of some controversy regarding whether t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaline
A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. The word is derived from el, ὑάλινος, translit=hyálinos, lit=transparent, and el, ὕαλος, translit=hýalos, lit=crystal, glass, label=none. Histopathology Hyaline cartilage is named after its glassy appearance on fresh gross pathology. On light microscopy of H&E stained slides, the extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage looks homogeneously pink, and the term "hyaline" is used to describe similarly homogeneously pink material besides the cartilage. Hyaline material is usually acellular and proteinaceous. For example, arterial hyaline is seen in aging, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and in association with some drugs (e.g. calcineurin inhibitors). It is bright pink with PAS staining. Ichthyology and entomology In ichthyology and entomology, ''hyaline'' denotes a colorless, transparent substance, such as unpigmented fins of fishes or clear insect wings. Resh, Vincent H. and R. T. Cardé, Eds. Encyclo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycocalia Minutissima
''Mycocalia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Their fruit bodies resemble tiny egg-filled birds' nests. Species are usually found growing on herbaceous stems and other plant debris. Thus genus was circumscribed in 1961 by mycologist J.T. Palmer with '' Mycocalia denudata'' as the type species. Description Species in this genus have small barrel- to lens-shaped fruit bodies, usually 0.5–2 mm broad, that grow by themselves in small groups. The peridium consists of loosely interwoven clamped hyphae. The peridioles, of which there may be one to several, are disc-shaped, yellow- to red-brown, and sit in a gelatinous matrix when young and fresh. Spores are elliptical in shape, smooth, hyaline and have dimensions of 5–9.5 by 3.5–7 µm. See also *List of Agaricaceae genera This is a list of genus, genera in the mushroom-forming fungus family Agaricaceae. Genera See also * List of Agaricales families * List of Agaricales genera References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
