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Nidularia
''Nidularia'' is a genus of nine species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Their fruit bodies resemble tiny egg-filled bird nests. The name comes from the Latin meaning ''nest''. The related genus ''Mycocalia'' was segregated from ''Nidularia'' in 1961 based on differences in the microscopic structure of the peridium. Taxonomy The name ''Nidularia'' first appeared in the scientific literature in 1790 when Pierre Bulliard published ''N. vernicosa'' and ''N. laevis''. This name, however, was not validly published, as it predated the starting point for naming of gasteroid fungi (1801), and it lacked a generic description. Jean Bulliard gave a generic description in 1791 when he added ''N. striata''. ''N. striata'' and ''N. vernicosa'' are now placed in ''Cyathus'', while ''N. laevis'' is in ''Crucibulum''. Bulliard's concept of ''Nidularia'' is synonymous with ''Cyathus''. ''Nidularia'' was again circumscribed in 1817 by Swedish mycologist Elias ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidularia Heribaudii
''Nidularia'' is a genus of nine species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Their fruit bodies resemble tiny egg-filled bird nests. The name comes from the Latin meaning ''nest''. The related genus '' Mycocalia'' was segregated from ''Nidularia'' in 1961 based on differences in the microscopic structure of the peridium. Taxonomy The name ''Nidularia'' first appeared in the scientific literature in 1790 when Pierre Bulliard published ''N. vernicosa'' and ''N. laevis''. This name, however, was not validly published, as it predated the starting point for naming of gasteroid fungi (1801), and it lacked a generic description. Jean Bulliard gave a generic description in 1791 when he added ''N. striata''. ''N. striata'' and ''N. vernicosa'' are now placed in ''Cyathus'', while ''N. laevis'' is in '' Crucibulum''. Bulliard's concept of ''Nidularia'' is synonymous with ''Cyathus''. ''Nidularia'' was again circumscribed in 1817 by Swedish mycologist E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidularia Griseolazulina
''Nidularia'' is a genus of nine species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Their fruit bodies resemble tiny egg-filled bird nests. The name comes from the Latin meaning ''nest''. The related genus '' Mycocalia'' was segregated from ''Nidularia'' in 1961 based on differences in the microscopic structure of the peridium. Taxonomy The name ''Nidularia'' first appeared in the scientific literature in 1790 when Pierre Bulliard published ''N. vernicosa'' and ''N. laevis''. This name, however, was not validly published, as it predated the starting point for naming of gasteroid fungi (1801), and it lacked a generic description. Jean Bulliard gave a generic description in 1791 when he added ''N. striata''. ''N. striata'' and ''N. vernicosa'' are now placed in ''Cyathus'', while ''N. laevis'' is in '' Crucibulum''. Bulliard's concept of ''Nidularia'' is synonymous with ''Cyathus''. ''Nidularia'' was again circumscribed in 1817 by Swedish mycologist E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidularia Castanea
''Nidularia'' is a genus of nine species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Their fruit bodies resemble tiny egg-filled bird nests. The name comes from the Latin meaning ''nest''. The related genus '' Mycocalia'' was segregated from ''Nidularia'' in 1961 based on differences in the microscopic structure of the peridium. Taxonomy The name ''Nidularia'' first appeared in the scientific literature in 1790 when Pierre Bulliard published ''N. vernicosa'' and ''N. laevis''. This name, however, was not validly published, as it predated the starting point for naming of gasteroid fungi (1801), and it lacked a generic description. Jean Bulliard gave a generic description in 1791 when he added ''N. striata''. ''N. striata'' and ''N. vernicosa'' are now placed in ''Cyathus'', while ''N. laevis'' is in '' Crucibulum''. Bulliard's concept of ''Nidularia'' is synonymous with ''Cyathus''. ''Nidularia'' was again circumscribed in 1817 by Swedish mycologist E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidularia Campoi
''Nidularia'' is a genus of nine species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Their fruit bodies resemble tiny egg-filled bird nests. The name comes from the Latin meaning ''nest''. The related genus '' Mycocalia'' was segregated from ''Nidularia'' in 1961 based on differences in the microscopic structure of the peridium. Taxonomy The name ''Nidularia'' first appeared in the scientific literature in 1790 when Pierre Bulliard published ''N. vernicosa'' and ''N. laevis''. This name, however, was not validly published, as it predated the starting point for naming of gasteroid fungi (1801), and it lacked a generic description. Jean Bulliard gave a generic description in 1791 when he added ''N. striata''. ''N. striata'' and ''N. vernicosa'' are now placed in ''Cyathus'', while ''N. laevis'' is in '' Crucibulum''. Bulliard's concept of ''Nidularia'' is synonymous with ''Cyathus''. ''Nidularia'' was again circumscribed in 1817 by Swedish mycologist E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidularia Bonaerensis
''Nidularia'' is a genus of nine species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Their fruit bodies resemble tiny egg-filled bird nests. The name comes from the Latin meaning ''nest''. The related genus '' Mycocalia'' was segregated from ''Nidularia'' in 1961 based on differences in the microscopic structure of the peridium. Taxonomy The name ''Nidularia'' first appeared in the scientific literature in 1790 when Pierre Bulliard published ''N. vernicosa'' and ''N. laevis''. This name, however, was not validly published, as it predated the starting point for naming of gasteroid fungi (1801), and it lacked a generic description. Jean Bulliard gave a generic description in 1791 when he added ''N. striata''. ''N. striata'' and ''N. vernicosa'' are now placed in ''Cyathus'', while ''N. laevis'' is in '' Crucibulum''. Bulliard's concept of ''Nidularia'' is synonymous with ''Cyathus''. ''Nidularia'' was again circumscribed in 1817 by Swedish mycologist E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidularia Deformis
''Nidularia'' is a genus of nine species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Their fruit bodies resemble tiny egg-filled bird nests. The name comes from the Latin meaning ''nest''. The related genus '' Mycocalia'' was segregated from ''Nidularia'' in 1961 based on differences in the microscopic structure of the peridium. Taxonomy The name ''Nidularia'' first appeared in the scientific literature in 1790 when Pierre Bulliard published ''N. vernicosa'' and ''N. laevis''. This name, however, was not validly published, as it predated the starting point for naming of gasteroid fungi (1801), and it lacked a generic description. Jean Bulliard gave a generic description in 1791 when he added ''N. striata''. ''N. striata'' and ''N. vernicosa'' are now placed in ''Cyathus'', while ''N. laevis'' is in '' Crucibulum''. Bulliard's concept of ''Nidularia'' is synonymous with ''Cyathus''. ''Nidularia'' was again circumscribed in 1817 by Swedish mycologist E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidulariaceae
The Nidulariaceae ('nidulus' - small nest) are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Commonly known as the bird's nest fungi, their fruiting bodies resemble tiny egg-filled birds' nests. As they are saprobic, feeding on decomposing organic matter, they are often seen growing on decaying wood and in soils enriched with wood chips or bark mulch; they have a widespread distribution in most ecological regions. The five genera within the family, namely, ''Crucibulum'', ''Cyathus'', ''Mycocalia'', '' Nidula'', and '' Nidularia'', are distinguished from each other by differences in morphology and peridiole structure; more recently, phylogenetic analysis and comparison of DNA sequences is guiding new decisions in the taxonomic organization of this family. History Bird's nest fungi were first mentioned by Flemish botanist Carolus Clusius in ''Rariorum plantarum historia'' (1601). Over the next couple of centuries, these fungi were the subject of some controversy regarding whether t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyathus
''Cyathus'' is a genus of fungi in the Nidulariaceae, a family collectively known as the bird's nest fungi. They are given this name since they resemble tiny bird's nests filled with "eggs", structures large enough to have been mistaken in the past for seeds. However, these are now known to be reproductive structures containing spores. The "eggs", or ''peridioles'', are firmly attached to the inner surface of this fruit body by an elastic cord of mycelia known as a funiculus. The 45 species are widely distributed throughout the world and some are found in most countries, although a few exist in only one or two locales. ''Cyathus stercoreus'' is considered endangered in a number of European countries. Species of ''Cyathus'' are also known as splash cups, which refers to the fact that falling raindrops can knock the peridioles out of the open-cup fruit body. The internal and external surfaces of this cup may be ridged longitudinally (referred to as plicate or striate); this i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crucibulum
''Crucibulum'' is a genus in the Nidulariaceae, a family of fungi whose fruiting bodies resemble tiny egg-filled bird's nests. Often called "splash cups", the fruiting bodies are adapted for spore dispersal by using the kinetic energy of falling drops of rain. The "eggs" inside the bird's nests (technically known as peridioles) are hard waxy shells containing spores, and tend to stick to whatever nearby herbage they land on, thus increasing the odds of being consumed and dispersed by herbivorous animals. Members of this genus are saprobic, obtaining nutrients from dead organic matter, and are typically found growing on decayed wood and wood debris. The three known ''Crucibulum'' species (''C. laeve'', ''C. parvulum'', and ''C. cyathiforme'') are distinguished from other genera of the Nidulariaceae by their relatively simple funiculus – a cord of hyphae that connects the peridiole (the "eggs") to the exterior of the bird's nest. History Bird's nest fungi were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidula
''Nidula'' is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Their fruit bodies resemble tiny egg-filled birds' nests, from which they derive their common name "bird's nest fungi". Originally described in 1902, the genus differs from the related genera ''Cyathus'' and ''Crucibulum'' by the absence of a cord that attaches the eggs to the inside of the fruit body. The life cycle of this genus allows it to reproduce both sexually, with meiosis, and asexually via spores. Species in this genus produce a number of bioactive compounds, including 4-(''p''-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, a major component of raspberry flavor and insect attractor used in pesticides. Taxonomy The genus ''Nidula'' was originally proposed by Violet S. White in her monograph on the North American species of the Nidulariaceae, and included the species ''N. candida'' and ''N. microcarpa''. The genus name is derived from the Latin ''nidula'', meaning "little nest".Brodie, ''The Bird's Nest Fungi'', p. 142. Alth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycocalia Minutissima
''Mycocalia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Their fruit bodies resemble tiny egg-filled birds' nests. Species are usually found growing on herbaceous stems and other plant debris. Thus genus was circumscribed in 1961 by mycologist J.T. Palmer with '' Mycocalia denudata'' as the type species. Description Species in this genus have small barrel- to lens-shaped fruit bodies, usually 0.5–2 mm broad, that grow by themselves in small groups. The peridium consists of loosely interwoven clamped hyphae. The peridioles, of which there may be one to several, are disc-shaped, yellow- to red-brown, and sit in a gelatinous matrix when young and fresh. Spores are elliptical in shape, smooth, hyaline and have dimensions of 5–9.5 by 3.5–7 µm. See also *List of Agaricaceae genera This is a list of genus, genera in the mushroom-forming fungus family Agaricaceae. Genera See also * List of Agaricales families * List of Agaricales genera References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peridium
The peridium is the protective layer that encloses a mass of spores in fungi. This outer covering is a distinctive feature of gasteroid fungi. Description Depending on the species, the peridium may vary from being paper-thin to thick and rubbery or even hard. Typically, peridia consist of one to three layers. If there is only a single layer, it is called a peridium. If two layers are present, the outer layer is called the exoperidium and the inner layer the endoperidium. If three layers are present, they are the exoperidium, the mesoperidium and the endoperidium. In the simplest subterranean forms, the peridium remains closed until the spores are mature, and even then shows no special arrangement for dehiscence or opening, but has to decay before the spores are liberated. Puffballs For most fungi, the peridium is ornamented with scales or spines. In species that become raised above ground during their development, generally known as the "puffballs", the peridium is usually di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
