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Nicholas The Bowman
{{Use dmy dates, date=April 2022 Nicholas the Bowman (fl. 1086) (or "Nicholas the Gunner", Latin: ''Nicolaus Balistarius'' or ''Archibalistarius''), also known as Nicholas ''de la Pole'', was a servant of King William the Conqueror (1066-1087) and was one of that king's Devon Domesday Book tenants-in-chief. He was also a tenant-in-chief in Warwickshire and at some time between 1095 and 1100 he exchanged his manor of Ailstone in Warwickshire for the manor of Plymtree in Devon, held by St Peter's Abbey, Gloucester. Military office Nicholas was the king's artilleryman, whose role was "the captain or officer in charge of the stone and missile discharging engines used in sieges" These devices were known in Latin as ''ballista'', weapons for throwing "balls", bolts or other projectiles, ranging in size from a cross bow to a large artillery piece. His name was traditionally translated as "the Gunner", as the word gun was in use in the English language for such purely mechanical devices befo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Floruit
''Floruit'' (; abbreviated fl. or occasionally flor.; from Latin for "they flourished") denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active. In English, the unabbreviated word may also be used as a noun indicating the time when someone flourished. Etymology and use la, flōruit is the third-person singular perfect active indicative of the Latin verb ', ' "to bloom, flower, or flourish", from the noun ', ', "flower". Broadly, the term is employed in reference to the peak of activity for a person or movement. More specifically, it often is used in genealogy and historical writing when a person's birth or death dates are unknown, but some other evidence exists that indicates when they were alive. For example, if there are wills attested by John Jones in 1204, and 1229, and a record of his marriage in 1197, a record concerning him might be written as "John Jones (fl. 1197–1229)". The term is often used in art history when dating the career ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gunpowder
Gunpowder, also commonly known as black powder to distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive. It consists of a mixture of sulfur, carbon (in the form of charcoal) and potassium nitrate (saltpeter). The sulfur and carbon act as fuels while the saltpeter is an oxidizer. Gunpowder has been widely used as a propellant in firearms, artillery, rocketry, and pyrotechnics, including use as a blasting agent for explosives in quarrying, mining, building pipelines and road building. Gunpowder is classified as a low explosive because of its relatively slow decomposition rate and consequently low brisance. Low explosives deflagrate (i.e., burn at subsonic speeds), whereas high explosives detonate, producing a supersonic shockwave. Ignition of gunpowder packed behind a projectile generates enough pressure to force the shot from the muzzle at high speed, but usually not enough force to rupture the gun barrel. It thus makes a good propellan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buckland-in-the-Moor
Buckland in the Moor is a village and civil parish in the Teignbridge district of Devon, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 94. The village is in Dartmoor. According to Elias Tozer (1825–1873) a ritual until recently had been observed in the village of Buckland-in-the-Moor on Midsummer Day in which the youth of the village would sacrifice a sheep on the block of granite and sprinkle themselves with the blood. He could not find what the significance of the ritual was, but says it was thought to have pre-Christian Celtic origins. The church is made of stone quarried on the moor. The face of the clock spells out "My Dear Mother". The baptismal font is Norman, and decorated with leaves and stars. Nearby there is a viewpoint called Buckland Beacon where may also be found the 10 Commandment Stones (1282 ft). In 1927 the Lord of Buckland Manor, Mr Whitley, learnt that parliament had rejected a proposed revision of the Book of Common Prayer using J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilsington
Ilsington is a village and civil parish situated on the eastern edge of Dartmoor, Devon, England. It is one of the largest parishes in the county, and includes the villages of Ilsington, Haytor Vale, Liverton and South Knighton. The parish is surrounded, clockwise from the north, by the parishes of Bovey Tracey, Teigngrace (a short border only), Newton Abbot, Ogwell (another short border), Bickington, Ashburton, Widecombe-in-the-Moor and Manaton. In 2001 the population of the parish was 2,444, greatly increased from the 886 residents recorded in 1901. The parish is represented in parliament by Mel Stride, as part of the Central Devon constituency. History The village is believed to be an ancient settlement – probably existing 200 to 300 years before the Norman Conquest. It is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Ilestintona, and there is known to have been a church there since at least the 11th century. St. Michael's parish church, as seen today, dates back to the 15th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bagtor
Bagtor is an historic estate in the parish of Ilsington in Devon, England. It was the birthplace of John Ford (1586-c.1639) the playwright and poet. The Elizabethan mansion of the Ford family survives today at Bagtor as the service wing of a later house appended in about 1700. Descent Early records The manor of ''Bagetore'' is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as the seventh of the twelve Devonshire holdings of Nicholas the Bowman, one of the 52 Devon Domesday Book tenants-in-chief of King William the Conqueror. His tenant was a certain Roger, and before the Norman Conquest of 1066 it was held by a Saxon named Ordric, who had held six of the manors later obtained by Nicholas the Bowman. The earliest holder of the manor of Bagtor recorded by the Devonshire historian Sir William Pole (d.1635) is the ''de Bagtor'' family. In the Book of Fees (c.1302) it is recorded as held from the feudal barony of Plympton by "William de Baggetorre", who also held Aller in Abbot's Kerswell, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Ogwell
East Ogwell is a village and former civil parish south of Exeter, now in the parish of Ogwell, in the Teignbridge district, in the county of Devon, England. In 2018 it had an estimated population of 855. In 1891 the parish had a population of 271. Amenities East Ogwell has a church called St Bartholomew located in the centre of the village. History The name "Ogwell" means 'Wocga's spring/stream'. The "East" part distinguishing it from West Ogwell. East Ogwell was recorded in the Domesday Book as ''Ogewille''. On 1 April 1894 the parish was abolished and merged with West Ogwell to form Ogwell. A branch of the ancient Reynell family, who became the Reynell Baronets The Reynell Baronetcy, of Laleham in the County of Middlesex, was a title in the Baronetage of Ireland. It was created on 27 July 1678 for Richard Reynell, subsequently Member of Parliament for Ashburton in Devon, and Lord Chief Justice of the ..., lived here for centuries. References Villages in De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stokeinteignhead
Stokeinteignhead () is a village and civil parish in the Teignbridge district of Devon, England, above the southern bank of the estuary of the River Teign. The parish has a short boundary on the estuary, and is otherwise surrounded, clockwise from the north, by the parishes of Shaldon, Torbay, Coffinswell and Haccombe with Combe. It is twinned with the French commune of Trévières, Calvados. History Despite its closeness to the river Teign, the name is not derived from it: in the Domesday Book the district contained thirteen manors which totalled an area of ten hides and the whole area was known as the "Ten Hide". This was later corrupted to "Teignhead" through the influence of the river name. The name of the nearby village of Combeinteignhead has a similar derivation. Most of the village forms a conservation area and there are over fifty listed buildings nearby. The mascot of Stokeinteignhead, appearing on the village signs, is the cirl bunting. Governance Stokeinteignhe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Webbery, Alverdiscott
Webbery (anciently Wibbery) is an historic manor in the parish of AlverdiscottRisdon, p.280 in North Devon, England. History Nicholas the Bowman The manor of ''WIBERIE'' is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as the first of the twelve Devonshire holdings that belonged to "Nicholas the Bowman" (''Nicolaus Balistarius'' or ''Archibalistarius''), a servant of King William the Conqueror and one of the Devon Domesday Book tenants-in-chief. His tenant was Roger Goad. He was also a tenant-in-chief in Warwickshire.Thorn, Part 2, Chapter 48 Nicholas was the king's artilleryman, whose role was "the captain or officer in charge of the stone and missile discharging engines used in sieges". He was also known as Nicholas ''de la Pole''. At some time between 1095 and 1100 he exchanged his manor of Ailstone in Warwickshire for the manor of Plymtree in Devon, held by St Peter's Abbey, Gloucester. Feudal barony of Plympton Most of his landholdings later descended to the feudal barony of Plymp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ballista
The ballista (Latin, from Greek βαλλίστρα ''ballistra'' and that from βάλλω ''ballō'', "throw"), plural ballistae, sometimes called bolt thrower, was an ancient missile weapon that launched either bolts or stones at a distant target. Developed from earlier Greek weapons, it relied upon different mechanics, using two levers with torsion springs instead of a tension prod (the bow part of a modern crossbow). The springs consisted of several loops of twisted skeins. Early versions projected heavy darts or spherical stone projectiles of various sizes for siege warfare. It developed into a smaller precision weapon, the '' scorpio'', and possibly the ''polybolos''. Greek weapon The early ballistae in Ancient Greece were developed from two weapons called oxybeles and gastraphetes. The gastraphetes ('belly-bow') was a handheld crossbow. It had a composite prod and was spanned by bracing the front end of the weapon against the ground while placing the end of a slider ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William The Conqueror
William I; ang, WillelmI (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first House of Normandy, Norman List of English monarchs#House of Normandy, king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. By 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, his hold on Normandy was secure. In 1066, following the death of Edward the Confessor, William invaded England, leading an army of Normans to victory over the Anglo-Saxons, Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings, and suppressed subsequent English revolts in what has become known as the Norman Conquest. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands, and by difficulties with his eldest son, Robert Curthose. William was the son of the unmarried Duke Robert I of Normandy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege
A siege is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition warfare, attrition, or a well-prepared assault. This derives from la, sedere, lit=to sit. Siege warfare is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict characterized by one party holding a strong, static, defensive position. Consequently, an opportunity for negotiation between combatants is common, as proximity and fluctuating advantage can encourage diplomacy. The art of conducting and resisting sieges is called siege warfare, siegecraft, or poliorcetics. A siege occurs when an attacker encounters a city or fortress that cannot be easily taken by a quick assault, and which refuses to Surrender (military), surrender. Sieges involve surrounding the target to block the provision of supplies and the reinforcement or escape of troops (a tactic known as "Investment (military), investment"). This is typically coupled with attempts to reduce the fortifications by means of siege engines, ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
St Peter's Abbey, Gloucester
Gloucester Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of St Peter and the Holy and Indivisible Trinity, in Gloucester, England, stands in the north of the city near the River Severn. It originated with the establishment of a minster dedicated to Saint Peter and founded by Osric, King of the Hwicce, in around 679. The subsequent history of the church is complex; Osric's foundation came under the control of the Benedictine Order at the beginning of the 11th century and in around 1058, Ealdred, Bishop of Worcester, established a new abbey "a little further from the place where it had stood". The abbey appears not to have been an initial success, by 1072, the number of attendant monks had reduced to two. The present building was begun by Abbott Serlo in about 1089, following a major fire the previous year. Serlo's efforts transformed the abbey's fortunes; rising revenues and royal patronage enabled the construction of a major church. William the Conqueror held his Christmas Court at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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