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Ngākawau River
The Ngākawau River is a river of the West Coast Region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows generally northwest, reaching the Tasman Sea at Hector. The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "the shags" for ''Ngākawau,'' the official name of the river since 21 June 2019. The Charming Creek Railway line used to run alongside Ngākawau River in the Lower Ngākawau Gorge, transporting coal from mines in the Ngākawau River catchment area. The disused bush tram track now forms a section of the Charming Creek Walkway. 3 km into the gorge, Mangatini Stream joins Ngākawau River over the 25 m tall Mangatini Falls. Parts of the Upper Ngākawau Gorge are the only known habitat of the rare daisy '' Celmisia morganii''. Ngākawau River is polluted with acid mine drainage and coal fines from the Stockton Mine. The proposed Stockton Plateau Hydro Project is expected to reduce the levels of pollutants. The Ngākawau Riverwatch environmental gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karamea Bight
The Karamea Bight is the name given to a large bay in the Tasman Sea formed by a curved stretch of the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. It stretches for 100 kilometres north from Cape Foulwind to just north of the mouth of the Heaphy River Heaphy may refer to: * Bill Heaphy (1888-1914), Australian rules footballer *Charles Heaphy (1821–1881), New Zealand explorer, son of Thomas Heaphy *Chris Heaphy Chris Heaphy is a New Zealand artist who is based in Auckland. His work explo .... References Buller District Bays of New Zealand Landforms of the West Coast, New Zealand Karamea {{WestCoastNZ-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acid Mine Drainage
Acid mine drainage, acid and metalliferous drainage (AMD), or acid rock drainage (ARD) is the outflow of acidic water from metal mines or coal mines. Acid rock drainage occurs naturally within some environments as part of the rock weathering process but is exacerbated by large-scale earth disturbances characteristic of mining and other large construction activities, usually within rocks containing an abundance of sulfide minerals. Areas where the earth has been disturbed (e.g. construction sites, subdivisions, and transportation corridors) may create acid rock drainage. In many localities, the liquid that drains from coal stocks, coal handling facilities, coal washeries, and coal waste tips can be highly acidic, and in such cases it is treated as acid rock drainage. This liquid often contains highly toxic metals, such as copper or iron. These, combined with reduced pH, have a detrimental impact on the streams aquatic environments. The same type of chemical reactions and pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rivers Of New Zealand
The rivers of New Zealand are used for a variety of purposes and face a number of environmental issues. In the North Island's hill country the rivers are deep, fast flowing and most are unnavigable. Many of the rivers in the South Island are braided rivers. The navigable rivers were used for mass transport in the early history of New Zealand. Statistics The longest river in New Zealand is the Waikato River with a length of . The largest river by volume is the Clutha River / Mata-Au with a mean discharge of . The shortest river is claimed to be the Tūranganui River in Gisborne at long. Some of the rivers, especially those with wide flood plains and stop banks, have long road bridges spanning them. The Rakaia River is crossed by Rakaia Bridge, the longest bridge in New Zealand at . The third longest bridge is the Whirokino Trestle Bridge on State Highway 1 crossing the Manawatū River. Over of rivers have been mapped in New Zealand. Uses Before colonisation, Māori fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seddonville Branch
The Seddonville Branch, later truncated as the Ngākawau Branch, is a branch line railway in the West Coast region of New Zealand's South Island. Construction began in 1874 and it reached its terminus at the Mokihinui Mine just beyond Seddonville in 1895. In 1981 it was closed past Ngākawau and effectively became an extension of the Stillwater–Westport Line, since formalised as the Stillwater–Ngākawau Line. Construction The branch was built for transporting coal from mines to the harbour at Westport. Unlike most other railways of the era, there was no expectation that it would open up country for settlement and farming, as the terrain was mountainous and not suited to settlements of significant size. Coalfield surveys had identified significant deposits of bituminous coal on the Mount Rochfort and Stockton plateaus high above the coastal plain and outcrops of sub-bituminous coal had been located at low level close to the rivers at Waimangaroa and Ngākawau. However ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Road–rail Bridges
Road–rail bridges are bridges shared by road and rail lines. Road and rail may be segregated so that trains may operate at the same time as cars (e.g., the Sydney Harbour Bridge). The rail track can be above the roadway or vice versa with truss bridges. Road and rail may share the same carriageway so that road traffic must stop when the trains operate (like a level crossing), or operate together like a tram in a street (street running). Road–rail bridges are sometimes called combined bridges. Afghanistan * Afghanistan–Uzbekistan Friendship Bridge between Termez and Jeyretan. Argentina * Transandine Railway rail tunnel converted to road use for time being, albeit single lane. *Zárate–Brazo Largo Bridge *San Roque González de Santa Cruz Bridge, between Posadas, Argentina, and Encarnación, Paraguay. Australia Current * Sydney Harbour Bridge, Sydney, New South Wales now with parallel tunnel. * Narrows Bridge, Perth, Western Australia * Mount Henry Bridge, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Highway 67 (New Zealand)
State Highway 67 (SH 67) is a New Zealand state highway located in the northern parts of the South Island of New Zealand. It is 51.2 km long usually on the coast and connects SH 6 with the settlement of Mokihinui. It used to be 96 kilometres long and ran the entire length of the road from Westport to Karamea The highway and its spur serves the large West Coast town of Westport and lies entirely within the Buller District. Route SH 67 starts at SH 6 and proceeds in a northerly direction until the intersection with SH 67A. There the road turns right and crosses the Buller River to enter the township of Westport. Once in the CBD, the highway turns right and proceeds in an easterly direction until it crosses the Orowaiti River. The road passes through alternating areas of farmland and temperate rainforest vegetation as it passes the settlements of Waimangaroa (turn right here for Denniston), Granity (turn right here for Millerton, Stockton and Stockton Mine), N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stockton Plateau Hydro Project
The Ngakawau Restoration Project is a proposed hydro scheme planned to divert acid mine drainage from coal mines to an ocean outfall to restore water quality of the Ngākawau River, in the northern section of the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand. The project is a configuration of the Stockton Plateau Hydro Scheme being developed by Hydro Developments (2013) Limited (the successor to Hydro Developments Ltd following voluntary liquidation). Project information can be found at https://hydrodevelopments.co.nz In December 2008 Hydro Developments Ltd applied for resource consent for a 60MW hydro scheme (the Stockton Plateau Hydro Scheme) using polluted water from the Stockton Mine. Consent was granted in January 2010. The scheme was expected to reduce acid mine drainage from the mine into the Ngākawau River, and was supported by the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand and other environmental groups. In February 2010 Solid Energy applied for resource consent for an alter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stockton Mine
Stockton Mine, on the Stockton Coal Field, is New Zealand's largest opencast mining operation. The entrance to the mine is at the former settlement of Stockton. Extent The coal field is situated between 5 and 10 kilometres linear distance south west of Stockton. The southernmost part of the coal field is only 5 km away from the historic mining town of Denniston. The elevation of the coal field varies between 500 and 1100m above sea level. The Stockton coal field dips to the Northeast with approximately the same dip as the Denniston Coal Field, 15 km to the south. Both fields contain Bituminous Hard Coking Coal. The extracted coal is transported from the mine to an aerial ropeway near Stockton. The coal is transported to Ngakawau using this ropeway, doing away with the dangerous railway operation that plagued the Millerton and Denniston Inclines. From Ngakawau, most of the coal is transported by rail to Lyttelton, where it is exported via ship to steel makers in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years. Vast deposits of coal originate in former wetlands called coal forests that covered much of the Earth's tropical land areas during the late Carboniferous ( Pennsylvanian) and Permian times. Many significant coal deposits are younger than this and originate from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Coal is used primarily as a fuel. While coal has been known and used for thousands of years, its usage was limited until the Industrial Revolution. With the invention of the steam engine, coal consumption increased. In 2020, coal supplied about a quarter of the world's primary energy and over a third of its electricity. Some iron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celmisia Morganii
''Celmisia'' (New Zealand aster or New Zealand daisy) is a genus of perennial herbs or subshrubs, in the family Asteraceae. Most of the species are endemic to New Zealand; several others are endemic to Australia. ; Species and nothospecies #REDIRECT Hybrid name In botanical nomenclature, a hybrid may be given a hybrid name, which is a special kind of botanical name, but there is no requirement that a hybrid name should be created for plants that are believed to be of hybrid origin. ... References PlantNET: New South Wales Flora Online: Genus ''Celmisia''Flora of New Zealand: Taxa: Celmisia {{Taxonbar, from=Q2708310 Flora of Australasia Asteraceae genera Taxa named by Henri Cassini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island country by area, covering . New Zealand is about east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps, owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland. The islands of New Zealand were the last large habitable land to be settled by humans. Between about 1280 and 1350, Polynesians began to settle in the islands and then developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight and record New Zealand. In 1840, representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Geographic Board
The New Zealand Geographic Board Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa (NZGB) was established by the New Zealand Geographic Board Act 1946, which has since been replaced by the New Zealand Geographic Board (Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa) Act 2008. Although an independent institution, it is responsible to the Minister for Land Information. The board has authority over geographical and hydrographic names within New Zealand and its territorial waters. This includes the naming of small urban settlements, localities, mountains, lakes, rivers, waterfalls, harbours and natural features and may include researching local Māori names. It has named many geographical features in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica. It has no authority to alter street names (a local body responsibility) or the name of any country. The NZGB secretariat is part of Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) and provides the board with administrative and research assistance and advice. The New Zealand Geograph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
