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Ngumpit
The Gurindji are an Aboriginal Australian people of northern Australia, southwest of Katherine in the Northern Territory's Victoria River region. Language and culture Gurindji is one of the eastern Ngumbin languages, in the Ngumbin-Yapa subgroup of Pama-Nyungan languages. It is however characterised by a high level of adoption of loanwords from non Pama-Nyungan sources. Gurindji Kriol is a mixed language, mostly spoken at Kalkaringi and Daguragu along with Gurindji and English. Gurindji people share many similarities in language and culture with the neighbouring Warlpiri people. They also regard themselves as "one mob" with the Malngin, Bilinara, Mudburra and Ngarinyman peoples, referring to themselves as a group named Ngumpit, sharing "most of our languages and culture". Among the Ngumpit, there are four skin names for boys, such as Janama and Japarta, and four for girls, such as Nangala and Nawurla. These are inherited at birth and kept for life, determining all of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mudburra
The Mudburra, also spelt Mudbara and other variants, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Northern Territory. Language Mudburra is one of the far eastern forms of the Pama-Nyungan Ngumbin languages. Country The Mudburra people live in the thick scrub area near and west of the Murranji Track (the Ghost Road of the Drovers) and held in Tindale's estimation some of land, centered on the junction of the Armstrong River and the upper Victoria River at a place called ''Tjambutjambulani''. Their northern reach ran as far as Top Springs, their frontier to the south lay aCattle Creek In an east–west axis, their land extended from near Newcastle Waters to the Camfield River. Alternative names * ''Madbara'' * ''Moodburra, Mootburra'' * ''Mudbara'' * ''Mudbera'' * ''Mudbra'' * ''Mudbura'' * ''Mudburra'' * ''Mulpira''. (Iliaura exonym) Source: See also *Ngumpit, a name used by the Gurindji, Malngin, Bilinara, Mudburra and Ngarinyman peoples to refer to themselves as a g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilinara
The Bilinarra, also spelt Bilingara and Bilinara, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Northern Territory. Language The Bilinarra language is classified as an eastern variety of one of the Pama-Nyungan Ngumbin languages. It is mutually intelligible with Gurindji and the dialect spoken by the neighbouring Ngarinman people. Bilinarra is considered a dialect of Ngarinyman, though it shares more vocabulary with Gurindji. There are no structural features that are unique to Bilinarra and linguists would consider all three languages to be dialects of a single language, but speakers of these languages consider them to be different. Elements of their tongue were first recorded by a police constable W. H. Willshire (who was later charged with murder) in 1896. By 2013, only one person was alive who spoke it as their primary language though it inflects the variety of Kriol spoken by Bilinarra children. Bilinarra is native to the Victoria River District of the Northern Territory of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malngin
The Malngin are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Kimberley region of Western Australia. The Malngin language was a dialect of Gurindj. Country Norman Tindale estimated their tribal lands to have encompassed some and placed their western frontier at Flecker Creek on the upper Ord River. Their north-northeastern extension ran to Lissadell, Rosewood, and the Argyle Downs. Their western boundaries lay around the eastern scarp of the Carr Boyd Range at Carlton Gorge. Their eastern reach ran only so far as the Ord River valley and the lower Negri River. The southern frontier was marked by the junction where the Nicholson River meets the Ord River. Their neighbours were the Miriwung to their north, and running clockwise, on their eastern wing, in what is now the Northern Territory, were the Mariu. The Djaru lay directly south, and the Gija were along their western flank, with the border between the two running north along the track from Halls Creek to Wyndham. Alternati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngumbin Languages
Ngumbin (or Ngumpin) languages are a small language family of Australia, consisting of (from west to east): *Walmajarri *Djaru * Gurindji (Gurindji proper, Bilinarra, Wanyjirra, Malngin, Ngarinyman) *Mudburra In 2004 it was demonstrated that Ngumbin is related to the neighboring Ngarrkic languages. See also *Ngumpit, a name used by the Gurindji, Malngin, Bilinara, Mudburra and Ngarinyman The Ngarinman or Ngarinyman people are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Northern Territory who spoke the Ngarinyman language. Country According to an estimate made by Norman Tindale, the Ngarinman held some of territory. Their central do ... peoples to refer to themselves as a group Footnotes References *McConvell and Laughren (2004) "The Ngumpin–Yapa subgroup". In Claire Bowern & Harold Koch, ''Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method.'' Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Indigenous Australian languages in Western Australia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngarinyman
The Ngarinman or Ngarinyman people are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Northern Territory who spoke the Ngarinyman language. Country According to an estimate made by Norman Tindale, the Ngarinman held some of territory. Their central domain was the Wickham River, an early writer, W. Willshire, placing them to the west of that ephemeral watercourse. Tindale adds that they inhabited the area of the Upper Victoria River, about Jasper Creek, and to the west of the Victoria River Downs, and places their southern boundary at ''Munjun'' (Mount Sanford). Their western frontier lay at Limbunya. Language An Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) project to counteract loss of Indigenous languages has helped produce a Ngarinyman to English Dictionary in 2019.url=https://www.newsouthbooks.com.au/books/ngarinyman-english-dictionary/ Alternative names * ''Ngainman, Ngainmun.'' * ''Ngrainmun.'' * ''Hainman.'' (local white exonym) * ''Hyneman.'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Native Title
Aboriginal title is a common law doctrine that the land rights of indigenous peoples to customary tenure persist after the assumption of sovereignty under settler colonialism. The requirements of proof for the recognition of aboriginal title, the content of aboriginal title, the methods of extinguishing aboriginal title, and the availability of compensation in the case of extinguishment vary significantly by jurisdiction. Nearly all jurisdictions are in agreement that aboriginal title is inalienable, and that it may be held either individually or collectively. Aboriginal title is also referred to as indigenous title, native title ( in Australia), original Indian title ( in the United States), and customary title (in New Zealand). Aboriginal title jurisprudence is related to indigenous rights, influencing and influenced by non-land issues, such as whether the government owes a fiduciary duty to indigenous peoples. While the judge-made doctrine arises from customary internationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Gurindji Strike
The Wave Hill walk-off, also known as the Gurindji strike, was a walk-off and strike by 200 Gurindji Stockman (Australia), stockmen, house servants and their families, starting on 23 August 1966 and lasting for seven years. It took place at Wave Hill Station, Wave Hill, a cattle station in Kalkarindji (formerly known as Wave Hill), Northern Territory, Australia, and was led by Gurindji man Vincent Lingiari. Initially interpreted as purely a strike against working and living conditions, it became apparent that these were not the only or main reasons. The primary demand was for return of some of the traditional lands of the Gurindji people, which had covered approximately of the Northern Territory before European settlement. The walk-off persisted until the time of the Whitlam government (1972–1975). On 16 August 1975, after brokering an agreement with the owners, the Vestey Group, Prime Minister Gough Whitlam was able to give the rights to a piece of land back to the Gurindji p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vincent Lingiari
Vincent Lingiari (13 June 1908 or 1919 – 21 January 1988) was an Australian Aboriginal rights activist and member of the Gurindji people. In his early life he started as a stockman at Wave Hill Station, where the Aboriginal workers were given no more than rations, tobacco and clothing as their payment. After the owners of the station refused to improve pay and working conditions at the cattle station and hand back some of Gurindji land, Lingiari was elected and became the leader of the workers in August 1966. He led his people in the Wave Hill walk-off, also known as the Gurindji strike. On 7 June 1976, Lingiari was named a Member of the Order of Australia for his services to the Aboriginal people. The story of Lingiari is celebrated in the Paul Kelly and Kev Carmody song "From Little Things Big Things Grow". Early life Vincent Lingiari was born in 1919, according to Australian Government records, but some sources allege his date of birth was actually 13 June 1908. He beca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gough Whitlam
Edward Gough Whitlam (11 July 191621 October 2014) was the 21st prime minister of Australia, serving from 1972 to 1975. The longest-serving federal leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) from 1967 to 1977, he was notable for being the head of a Reformism, reformist and socially progressive administration that extraordinarily ended with his removal as prime minister after controversially being dismissed by the governor-general of Australia, Sir John Kerr (governor-general), John Kerr, at the climax of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis. Whitlam is the only Australian prime minister to have been removed from office. Whitlam served as an Navigator#In aviation, air navigator in the Royal Australian Air Force for four years during World War II, and worked as a barrister following the war. He was first elected to the Australian House of Representatives in 1952, becoming a member of parliament (MP) for the division of Werriwa. Whitlam became deputy leader of the Labo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Toohey (judge)
John Leslie Toohey, AC, QC (4 March 1930 – 9 April 2015) was an Australian judge who was a Justice of the High Court of Australia from 1987 to 1998. Early life and education Toohey was born in rural Western Australia on 4 March 1930, to Albert and Sylvia Toohey. He was the eldest child, with two younger sisters and a younger brother. He completed his secondary education at St. Louis School (now John XXIII College), a Catholic school in Perth. He studied law and arts at the University of Western Australia. He graduated with first class honours in law in 1950, receiving the FE Parsons Prize (for the most outstanding graduate) and the HCF Keall Prize (for the best fourth year student). He completed his arts degree with first-class honours in 1956. Legal career After completing his law degree, Toohey commenced his articles of clerkship at the Perth law firm Lavan & Walsh, and was admitted as a legal practitioner in 1952. Toohey soon rose to prominence in the Western Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976
The ''Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976'' (ALRA) is Australian federal government legislation that provides the basis upon which Aboriginal Australian people in the Northern Territory can claim rights to land based on traditional occupation. It was the first law by any Australian government that legally recognised the Aboriginal system of land ownership, and legislated the concept of inalienable freehold title, as such was a fundamental piece of social reform. Its long title is ''An Act providing for the granting of Traditional Aboriginal Land in the Northern Territory for the benefit of Aboriginals, and for other purposes''. The most significant amendments to the Act were effected by the passing of the ''Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Amendment Bill 2006'', effective 1 July 2007. History The results of the 1967 Australian referendum meant that the Federal Government could make special laws relating to Aboriginal people which could override an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inalienable Right
Some philosophers distinguish two types of rights, natural rights and legal rights. * Natural rights are those that are not dependent on the laws or customs of any particular culture or government, and so are ''universal'', ''fundamental'' and ''inalienable'' (they cannot be repealed by human laws, though one can forfeit their enjoyment through one's actions, such as by violating someone else's rights). Natural law is the law of natural rights. * Legal rights are those bestowed onto a person by a given legal system (they can be modified, repealed, and restrained by human laws). The concept of positive law is related to the concept of legal rights. Natural law first appeared in ancient Greek philosophy, and was referred to by Roman philosopher Cicero. It was subsequently alluded to in the Bible, and then developed in the Middle Ages by Catholic philosophers such as Albert the Great and his pupil Thomas Aquinas. During the Age of Enlightenment, the concept of natural laws was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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