Ngkolmpu Language

	Ngkolmpu Language Ngkolmpu Kanum, or Ngkontar, is part of a dialect chain in the Yam family spoken by the Kanum people of New Guinea. The Ngkâlmpw (Ngkontar) and moribund Bädi varieties have limited mutual intelligibility In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort. It is sometimes used as an ... may be considered distinct languages. Dialects Languages spoken by the Kanum have variously been referred to as Ngkâlmpw Kanum, Enkelembu, Kenume, and Knwne. Carroll describes three varieties forming a dialect chain. Ngkolmpu is divided into Ngkontar and the moribund variety Baedi (Bädi). Phonology Consonants Ngkolmpu Kanum has 15 consonant phonemes (plus two marginal phonemes) at three points of articulation: bilabial, coronal, and velar. Prenasalized voiceless stops and fricatives contrast with voiceless and nasal re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea). It is a simplified version of Motu, from the Austronesian l ...: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Mainland Australia, Australia by the wide Torres Strait, though both landmasses lie on the same continental shelf. Numerous smaller islands are located to the west and east. The eastern half of the island is the major land mass of the independent state of Papua New Guinea. The western half, known as Western New Guinea, forms a part of Indonesia and is organized as the provinces of Papua (province), Papua, Central Papua, Highland Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua (province), West ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Trans-Fly – Bulaka River Languages Trans-Fly may refer to: Linguistics Trans-Fly languages The Trans-Fly languages are a small family of Papuan languages proposed by Timothy Usher, that are spoken in the region of the Fly River.The family is called 'East Trans-Fly' in Usher, an unfortunate synonym with what others call the Eastern Tran ... Eastern Trans-Fly languages Trans-Fly–Bulaka River languages Geography Trans-Fly savanna and grasslands See also Fly River Western Province (Papua New Guinea) Merauke Regency {{dab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Yam Languages The Yam languages, also known as the Morehead River languages, are a family of Papuan languages. They include many of the languages south and west of the Fly River in Papua New Guinea and Indonesian West Papua. Name The name ''Morehead and Upper Maro River'' refers to the area around the Morehead and Maro rivers. Most of the languages are found between these rivers, but the Nambu subgroup are spoken east of the Morehead. Evans (2012) refers to the family instead with the more compact name ''Yam''. This name is motivated by a number of linguistic and cultural items of significance: ''yam'' (and cognates) means "custom, tradition"; ''yəm'' (and cognates) means "is"; and yam tubers are the local staple and of central cultural importance. External relationships Ross (2005) tentatively includes the Yam languages in the proposed Trans-Fly – Bulaka River family. More recently (Evans 2012) has argued that this is not justified and more data has to be gathered. Evans (2018) clas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Tonda Languages The Tonda languages form a branch of the Yam language family of southern New Guinea. There are over 10 languages. Tonda languages share some areal features are shared with the Kolopom languages. Languages The Tonda languages are: ;Tonda / West Morehead River * Arammba Central Morehead River: Anta, Kómnzo, Wára, Wérè, Kémä, Kánchá Warta Thuntai Bensbach River Upper Bensbach River Mblafe– Ránmo Ngarna–Rema * Nggarna (Sota) Rema Kanum *Ngkolmpu: Ngkâlmpw/Ngkontar, Bädi South Kanum: Bârkâli-Smärki, Tämer Notes (see Evans 2018: 681): Each terminal bullet point lists a different dialect chain. * Ránmo is linguistically a dialect of Mblafe, but Ránmo speakers consider their language to be a separate, distinct language. * Wérè is linguistically a dialect of Wára, but Wèré speakers consider their language to be a separate, distinct language. Numeral typology Tonda languages are unique for their b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Moribund Language An endangered language or moribund language is a language that is at risk of disappearing as its speakers die out or shift to speaking other languages. Language loss occurs when the language has no more native speakers and becomes a "dead language". If no one can speak the language at all, it becomes an "extinct language". A dead language may still be studied through recordings or writings, but it is still dead or extinct unless there are fluent speakers. Although languages have always become extinct throughout human history, they are currently dying at an accelerated rate because of globalization, imperialism, neocolonialism and linguicide (language killing). Language shift most commonly occurs when speakers switch to a language associated with social or economic power or spoken more widely, the ultimate result being language death. The general consensus is that there are between 6,000 and 7,000 languages currently spoken. Some linguists estimate that between 50% and 90% of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Mutual Intelligibility In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort. It is sometimes used as an important criterion for distinguishing languages from dialects, although sociolinguistic factors are often also used. Intelligibility between languages can be asymmetric, with speakers of one understanding more of the other than speakers of the other understanding the first. When it is relatively symmetric, it is characterized as "mutual". It exists in differing degrees among many related or geographically proximate languages of the world, often in the context of a dialect continuum. Intelligibility Factors An individual's achievement of moderate proficiency or understanding in a language (called L2) other than their first language (L1) typically requires considerable time and effort through study and practical application if the two l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Western Yam Languages Western may refer to: Places Western, Nebraska, a village in the US Western, New York, a town in the US Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia Western world, countries that identify with shared "Western" culture Arts and entertainment Films ''Western'' (1997 film), a French road movie directed by Manuel Poirier * ''Western'' (2017 film), a German-Austrian film Genres Western (genre), a category of fiction and visual art centered on the American Old West Western fiction, the Western genre as featured in literature Western music (North America), a type of American folk music Music ''Westerns'' (EP), an EP by Pete Yorn WSTRN, a British hip hop group from west London Business The Western, a closed hotel/casino in Las Vegas, United States Western Cartridge Company, a manufacturer of ammunition Western Publishing, a defunct publishing company Educational institutions Western Washington University i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]