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Neodiprion Sertifer
''Neodiprion sertifer'', the European pine sawfly or red pine sawfly, is a sawfly species in the genus ''Neodiprion''. Although native to Europe, it was accidentally introduced to North America in 1925. The larvae of '' Exhyalanthrax afer'' feed on ''N. sertifer'' cocoons. (+)-Catechin 7-O-β-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3,7,4′-tri-O-β-glucoside, kaempferol 3,7,4′-tri-O-β-glucoside and quercetin 3,7,4′-tri-O-β-glucoside can be isolated from the hemolymph of ''N. sertifer''. None of these compounds is present in the needles of '' P. sylvestris'', therefore, these flavonoid glucosides are produced by the larvae from flavonoid monoglucosides and (+)-catechin obtained from the pine needles. Life cycle The European pine sawfly typically hatches from early April to late May. The larvae feed on existing pine needles. When they mature, they spin into cocoons. In the fall, they leave their cocoons as wasp-like creatures and mate. September and October are when the female l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exhyalanthrax Afer
''Exhyalanthrax afer'' is a member of the fly family Bombyliidae first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1794. Biology Larvae feed on pupae of tachinid and ichneumonid parasitoids of the pine processionary caterpillar, ''Thaumetopoea pityocampa''. The pupae of other Lepidoptera and from cocoons of the pine sawfly, ''Neodiprion sertifer ''Neodiprion sertifer'', the European pine sawfly or red pine sawfly, is a sawfly species in the genus ''Neodiprion''. Although native to Europe, it was accidentally introduced to North America in 1925. The larvae of '' Exhyalanthrax afer'' fe ...''. Adults are most often seen visiting flowers to feed on nectar. Distribution Afrotropical: Chad, Eritrea, Ghana, Kenya, Yemen. Oriental: Pakistan. Palaearctic: Afghanistan, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, China (Beijing, Nei Monggol, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang), Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France (incl. Corsica), Germany, Gibraltar, Greece (incl. Lesb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Introduced Species
A complete list of introduced species for even quite small areas of the world would be dauntingly long. Humans have introduced more different species to new environments than any single document can hope to record. This list is generally for established species with truly wild populations— not kept domestically—that have been seen numerous times, and have breeding populations. While most introduced species can cause a negative impact to new environments they reach, some can have a positive impact, just for conservation purpose. Australia Mammals * Platypus in Kangaroo Island * Koala in South Australia * Water buffalo * Cattle * Sheep * Pig * Dromedary * Red deer from Europe * Fallow deer from Europe * Chital * Indian hog deer * Javan rusa * Sambar deer * Donkey * Brumby * Banteng * Goat * Brown hare * Red fox * Dog * Cat * House mouse * Northern palm squirrel - established in Perth * European rabbit from Europe * Rats ** Black rat ** Brown rat Birds * '' Acridothe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinus Sylvestris
''Pinus sylvestris'', the Scots pine (UK), Scotch pine (US) or Baltic pine, is a species of tree in the pine family Pinaceae that is native to Eurasia. It can readily be identified by its combination of fairly short, blue-green leaves and orange-red bark. Description ''Pinus sylvestris'' is an evergreen coniferous tree growing up to in height and in trunk diameter when mature, exceptionally over tall and in trunk diameter on very productive sites. The tallest on record is a tree over 210 years old tree growing in Estonia which stands at . The lifespan is normally 150–300 years, with the oldest recorded specimens in Lapland, Northern Finland over 760 years. The bark is thick, flaky and orange-red when young to scaly and gray-brown in maturity, sometimes retaining the former on the upper portion.Trees for LifeSpecies profile: Scots pine/ref> The habit of the mature tree is distinctive due to its long, bare and straight trunk topped by a rounded or flat-topped mass of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quercetin 3,7,4′-tri-O-β-glucoside
Quercetin is a plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols. It is found in many fruits, vegetables, leaves, seeds, and grains; capers, red onions, and kale are common foods containing appreciable amounts of it. It has a bitter flavor and is used as an ingredient in dietary supplements, beverages, and foods. Occurrence Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in nature. The name has been used since 1857, and is derived from ''quercetum'' (oak forest), after the oak genus ''Quercus''. It is a naturally occurring polar auxin transport inhibitor. Quercetin is one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids, with an average daily consumption of 25–50 milligrams. In red onions, higher concentrations of quercetin occur in the outermost rings and in the part closest to the root, the latter being the part of the plant with the highest concentration. One study found that organically grown tomatoes had 79% more quercetin than non-organically grown fruit. Quercetin is present ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaempferol 3,7,4′-tri-O-β-glucoside
Kaempferol (3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonol, a type of flavonoid, found in a variety of plants and plant-derived foods including kale, beans, tea, spinach, and broccoli. Kaempferol is a yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of . It is slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in hot ethanol, ethers, and DMSO. Kaempferol is named for 17th-century German naturalist Engelbert Kaempfer.Kaempferol at .com; retrieved October 20, 2017 Natural occurrence Kaempferol is a secondary metabolite found in many plants, plant-derived foods, and traditional medicines. Its flavor is considered bitter.In plants and food ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isorhamnetin 3,7,4′-tri-O-β-glucoside
Isorhamnetin is an O-methylated flavon-ol from the class of flavonoids. A common food source of this 3'-methoxylated derivative of quercetin and its glucoside conjugates are pungent yellow or red onions, in which it is a minor pigment, quercetin-3,4'-diglucoside and quercetin-4'-glucoside and the aglycone quercetin being the major pigments. Pears, olive oil, wine and tomato sauce are rich in isorhamnetin. Others sources include the spice, herbal medicinal and psychoactive Mexican tarragon ''(Tagetes lucida)'', which is described as accumulating isorhamnetin and its 7-O-glucoside derivate. Nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.)) is also a good source of isorhamnetin, which can be extracted by supercritical fluid extraction assisted by enzymes. Metabolism The enzyme quercetin 3-O-methyltransferase uses S-adenosyl methionine and quercetin to produce S-adenosylhomocysteine and isorhamnetin. The enzyme 3-methylquercetin 7-O-methyltransferase uses S-adenosyl methionine and 5,7,3',4'-tetra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catechin-7-O-glucoside
Catechin-7-''O''-glucoside is a flavan-3-ol glycoside formed from catechin. Natural occurrences Catechin-7-''O''-glucoside can be isolated from the hemolymph of the European pine sawfly ('' Neodiprion sertifer''). It also occurs in relatively large quantities in cowpea (''Vigna unguiculata'') as the dominant flavan-3-ol monomer, and actually accounts for up to 70% of cowpea proanthocyanidins (tannins). It can also be produced by biotransformation of (+)-catechin by cultured cells of '' Eucalyptus perriniana''. Presence in natural traditional drugs Catechin-7-''O''-glucoside can be found in ''Paeoniae Radix'', the crude drug made from roots of the Chinese peony (''Paeonia lactiflora''), in the red knotweed ('' Bistorta macrophylla'', also known as ''Polygonum macrophyllum''), in the stem barks of the Nepali hog plum ('' Choerospondias axillaris''), in the Korean plum yew ('' Cephalotaxus koreana'') and in Huanarpo Macho (''Jatropha macrantha''). (−)-Catechin 7-O-β-d-gluco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Étienne Louis Geoffroy
Étienne Louis Geoffroy (October 12, 1725 – August 12, 1810) was a French entomologist and pharmacist. He was born in Paris and died in Soissons. He followed the binomial nomenclature of Carl Linnaeus, Carl von Linné and devoted himself mainly to beetles. Geoffroy was the author of ''Histoire abrégée des Insectes qui se trouvent aux environs de Paris''. Paris : Durand Vol. 1 8 + 523 pp. 10 pls (1762) and co-author with Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy, Antoine François of ''Entomologia Parisiensis, sive, Catalogus insectorum quae in agro Parisiensi reperiuntur ...'' (1785). References * Jean Gouillard (2004). ''Histoire des entomologistes français, 1750-1950. Édition entièrement revue et augmentée.'' Boubée (Paris): p. 287 * Jean Lhoste (1987). ''Les Entomologistes français. 1750-1950. INRA Éditions: p. 351 {{DEFAULTSORT:Geoffroy, Etienne Louis French entomologists 1725 births 1810 deaths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthropod
Arthropods (, (gen. ποδός)) are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a Segmentation (biology), segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda. They are distinguished by their jointed limbs and Arthropod cuticle, cuticle made of chitin, often Mineralization (biology), mineralised with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages. Arthropods are bilaterally symmetrical and their body possesses an exoskeleton, external skeleton. In order to keep growing, they must go through stages of moulting, a process by which they shed their exoskeleton to reveal a new one. Some species have wings. They are an extremely diverse group, with up to 10 million species. The haemocoel, an arthropod's internal cavity, through which its haemolymph – analogue of blood – circulates, accommodates its interior Organ (anatomy), organs; it has an open circulatory system. Like their exteriors, the internal or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neodiprion
''Neodiprion'' is a genus of sawflies in the family Diprionidae. Species * '' Neodiprion abbotii'' * '' Neodiprion abietis'' (Harris) * '' Neodiprion autumnalis'' * '' Neodiprion burkei'' Middleton * '' Neodiprion compar'' * '' Neodiprion dubiosus'' Schedl * '' Neodiprion excitans'' Rohwer * '' Neodiprion fabricii'' * ''Neodiprion hetricki'' * '' Neodiprion knereri'' * '' Neodiprion lecontei'' (Fitch) * '' Neodiprion maurus'' * ''Neodiprion merkeli'' Ross * ''Neodiprion nanulus'' Schedl * ''Neodiprion nigroscutum'' * ''Neodiprion pinetum'' (Norton) * ''Neodiprion pinirigidae'' * ''Neodiprion pratti'' (Dyar) * ''Neodiprion rugifrons'' Middleton * ''Neodiprion sertifer'' (Geoffroy) * ''Neodiprion swainei ''Neodiprion'' is a genus of sawflies in the family Diprionidae. Species * '' Neodiprion abbotii'' * '' Neodiprion abietis'' (Harris) * '' Neodiprion autumnalis'' * '' Neodiprion burkei'' Middleton * '' Neodiprion compar'' * '' Neodiprion dub ...'' Middleton * '' Neodiprio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diprionidae
The Diprionidae are a small family of conifer-feeding sawflies (thus the common name conifer sawflies, though other Symphyta also feed on conifers) restricted to the Northern Hemisphere, with some 140 species in 13 genera. Larvae are often gregarious, and sometimes there can be major outbreaks, thus these sawflies can be major forest pests at times. These sawflies have the ability to compromise the health and ecological balance of forests. When the temperatures begin to rise, the sawflies become strengthened pests to these conifers. In doing so, they cause damage to a certain extent. The family has distinctive antennae with about 20 flagellomeres. Males have pectinate antennae and females have serrate antennae. Genera These 13 genera belong to the family Diprionidae: * '' Augomonoctenus'' Rohwer, 1918 * '' Diprion'' Schrank, 1802 * '' Gilpinia'' Benson, 1939 * '' Macrodiprion'' Enslin, 1914 * '' Microdiprion'' Enslin, 1914 * ''Monoctenus'' Dahlbom, 1835 * ''Neodiprion ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
