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Neican
''Neican'' (, abbreviated from ''nèibù cānkǎo zīliào'' (内部参考资料),Carol Lee Hamrin, Suisheng Zhao, ''Decision-making in Deng's China: perspectives from insiders'', M.E. Sharpe, 1995, Google Print, p.114/ref> lit. "internal reference reports" or "internal reference materials") are internal reports of limited circulation prepared for the high-ranking Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials.Chinese whispers: China's secret media', The Economist, Jun 17th 2010Mark MagnierRosy Reports From Underlings Leave Chinese Leaders in the Dark Los Angeles Times, February 16, 2004Cho Li-Fung, The Emergence, Influence and Limitations of Watchdog. Journalism in Post-1992 China: A Case Study of Southern Weekend', doctoral thesis, The University of Hong Kong, April 2007 According to Censorship in China, censorship rules in China, any matter that media outlets believe would harm the image of the CCP or Government of China, Chinese government, threaten social stability and unity, or other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass Media In China
The mass media in China consists primarily of television, newspapers, radio, and magazines. Since the start of the 21st century, the Internet has also emerged as an important form of communication by media, and is under the direct supervision and control of the Chinese government and ruling Chinese Communist Party. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and until the 1980s, almost all media outlets in Mainland China were state-run. Privately-owned media outlets only began to emerge at the onset of economic reforms, although state media outlets such as Xinhua News Agency, China Central Television (CCTV), and the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, ''People's Daily,'' continue to hold significant market share. Non-governmental media outlets that are allowed to operate within the PRC (excluding Hong Kong and Macau, which have separate media regulatory bodies) are no longer required to strictly follow every journalist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Media Of The People's Republic Of China
The mass media in China consists primarily of television, newspapers, radio, and magazines. Since the start of the 21st century, the Internet has also emerged as an important form of communication by media, and is under the direct supervision and control of the Chinese government and ruling Chinese Communist Party. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and until the 1980s, almost all media outlets in Mainland China were state-run. Privately-owned media outlets only began to emerge at the onset of economic reforms, although state media outlets such as Xinhua News Agency, China Central Television (CCTV), and the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, '' People's Daily,'' continue to hold significant market share. Non-governmental media outlets that are allowed to operate within the PRC (excluding Hong Kong and Macau, which have separate media regulatory bodies) are no longer required to strictly follow every journ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Censorship In China
Censorship in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is implemented or mandated by the PRC's ruling party, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It is one of strictest censorship regimes in the world. The government censors content for mainly political reasons, such as curtailing political opposition, and censoring events unfavorable to the CCP, such as the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, pro- democracy movements in China, the Uyghur genocide, human rights in Tibet, the Taiwan independence movement, Falun Gong, and pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong. Since Xi Jinping became the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (''de facto'' paramount leader) in 2012, censorship has been "significantly stepped up". The government has censorship over all media capable of reaching a wide audience. This includes television, print media, radio, film, theater, text messaging, instant messaging, video games, literature, and the Internet. The Chinese government asserts that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internet
The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing. The origins of the Internet date back to the development of packet switching and research commissioned by the United States Department of Defense in the 1960s to enable time-sharing of computers. The primary precursor network, the ARPANET, initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1970s to enable resource shari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dibao (ancient Chinese Gazette)
''Dibao'' (), literally "reports from the fficialresidences", were a type of publications issued by central and local governments in imperial China, which was the only official government newspaper published by the ancient Chinese central government in different dynasties.Ng, C., Fang, H. (Ed.). (2012). Journalism in Ancient China. ''A history of journalism in china'' (pp.24-70)''.'' Honolulu, HI: Enrich Professional Publishing (S) Private Limited. ‘''Dibao''’ is a general term to describe the ancient Chinese gazette. Historically, there were different types of names used to describe ''Dibao'' in different dynasties among the imperial Chinese history.Zhao, Y., Sun, P. (Ed.). (2018). The communication mechanism in ancient China. ''A History of Journalism and Communication in China'' (pp.4-22). London, United Kingdom: Routledge. While closest in form and function to gazettes in the Western world, they have also been called "palace reports" or "imperial bulletins". Different source ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Media Of The Chinese Communist Party
Internal media of China enables high-level Chinese Communist Party (CCP) cadres to access information that is subject of censorship in China for the general public. As He Qinglian documents in chapter 4 of ''Media Control in China'', there are many grades and types of internal documents (). Many are restricted to a certain administrative level – such as county level, provincial level or down to certain official levels in a ministry. Some Chinese journalists, including Xinhua correspondents in foreign countries, write for both the mass media and the internal media. Since Xi Jinping became CCP general secretary, internal reports have been increasingly subject to censorship previously reserved only for public media. Types of documents * ''Formal Documents'' (正式文件; ''zhèngshì wénjiàn'') are written and issued by leading organizations of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and government. These instructions (指示; ''zhǐshì''), regulations (规定; ''guīdìng'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beijing Institute Of Technology
Beijing Institute of Technology (abbreviated BIT; Simplified Chinese characters, Simplified Chinese: 北京理工大学; Traditional Chinese characters, Traditional Chinese: 北京理工大學; pinyin: Běijīng Lǐgōng Dàxué), is a National university, national leading co-educational public university located in Beijing, China. It was established in 1940 in Yan'an, Shaanxi. It is a major research university under the supervision of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. BIT is a Chinese Ministry of Education Class A Double First Class University Plan, Double First Class University. As a member of Double First Class University Plan, Project 985 and Project 211 it is a leading multi discipline university given priority sponsorship from the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Ministry of Education and the Beijing Municipal Government. BIT is ranked 201-300th in the WURI Global Top 100 Innovative Universities Ranking of 2021. History Yan'an p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hu Xingdou
Hu Xingdou(胡星斗) (born 1962) is a Chinese economist. He is a professor of economics at Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Institute of Technology (abbreviated BIT; Simplified Chinese characters, Simplified Chinese: 北京理工大学; Traditional Chinese characters, Traditional Chinese: 北京理工大學; pinyin: Běijīng Lǐgōng Dàxué), is a National u ..., and is the founder of China Studies (Sinology) as well as various schools and 100 teaching posts and business management to guide the work of graduate students. References External links(Chinese) Official website {{DEFAULTSORT:Hu, Xingdou People's Republic of China economists [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Self-censorship
Self-censorship is the act of censoring or classifying one's own discourse. This is done out of fear of, or deference to, the sensibilities or preferences (actual or perceived) of others and without overt pressure from any specific party or institution of authority. Self-censorship is often practiced by film producers, film directors, publishers, news anchors, journalists, musicians, and other kinds of authors including individuals who use social media. Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights guarantees freedom of speech from all forms of censorship. Article 19 explicitly states that "everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers." The practice of self-censorship, like that of censorship itself, has a long history. Reasons for self-expression Psychological People often communica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Censorship In The People's Republic Of China
Censorship in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is implemented or mandated by the PRC's ruling party, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It is one of strictest censorship regimes in the world. The government censors content for mainly political reasons, such as curtailing political opposition, and censoring events unfavorable to the CCP, such as the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, pro-democracy movements in China, the Uyghur genocide, human rights in Tibet, the Taiwan independence movement, Falun Gong, and pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong. Since Xi Jinping became the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (''de facto'' paramount leader) in 2012, censorship has been "significantly stepped up". The government has censorship over all media capable of reaching a wide audience. This includes television, print media, radio, film, theater, text messaging, instant messaging, video games, literature, and the Internet. The Chinese government asserts that it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Books Banned By Governments
Banned books are books or other printed works such as essays or plays which are prohibited by law or to which free access is not permitted by other means. The practice of banning books is a form of censorship, from political, legal, religious, moral, or (less often) commercial motives. This article lists notable banned books and works, giving a brief context for the reason that each book was prohibited. Banned books include fictional works such as novels, poems and plays and non-fiction works such as biographies and dictionaries. Since there are a large number of banned books, some publishers have sought out to publish these books. The best-known examples are the Parisian Obelisk Press, which published Henry Miller's sexually frank novel ''Tropic of Cancer'', and Olympia Press, which published William Burroughs's ''Naked Lunch''. Both of these, the work of father Jack Kahane and son Maurice Girodias, specialized in English-language books which were prohibited, at the time, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of China
The Government of the People's Republic of China () is an Authoritarianism, authoritarian political system in the China, People's Republic of China under the exclusive political leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It consists of Legislative system of China, legislative, Executive (government), executive, military, supervisory, Judiciary, judicial, and procuratorial branches. The constitutional head of government is Premier of the People's Republic of China, premier, while the ''de facto'' Paramount leader, top leader of government is General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, General Secretary of the Communist Party. The National People's Congress (NPC) is the highest state organ, with control over the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, constitution and basic laws, as well as over the election and supervision of officials of other government organs. The congress meets annually for about two weeks in March to review and approve major new policy dir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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