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Nationalization Campaign
The so-called nationalization campaign ( pt, Campanha de nacionalização), was the set of measures taken by the Brazilian government during the Estado Novo (Brazil), Estado Novo of Getúlio Vargas to reduce the influence of foreign immigrant communities in the country and force their integration with the Brazilian population. Some immigrant groups were considered more apt to be integrated; others were considered incapable due to factors such as their native language, their religion and their profession. Background Since the 19th century, groups of immigrants began to arrive in Brazil encouraged by the Empire of Brazil, imperial State. The first attempts to establish immigrant colonies took place in Bahia (1818) and Rio de Janeiro (1819), but were not successful. As early as 1824, the imperial government founded the first German colony in São Leopoldo. The immigration policy undertaken in this period foresaw the occupation of land by forming small properties. Until the end o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerrito, Rio Grande Do Sul
Cerrito is a Brazilian municipality in the southern part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The population is 6,047 (2020 est.) in an area of 451.70 km2. The municipality was formed in 1997 from part of the municipality Pedro Osório. Bounding municipalities *Pedro Osório Pedro Osório is a Brazilian municipality in the southeastern part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The population is 7,706 (2020 est.) in an area of 608.79 km². The municipality was founded on April 3, 1958 from parts of the municipaliti ..., southwest Mayors References External links Official website of the prefecture* https://web.archive.org/web/20071117014913/http://www.citybrazil.com.br/rs/cerrito/ Municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul Pelotas (micro-region) {{RioGrandedoSul-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racism In Brazil
Racism has been present in Brazil since its colony times and is pointed as one of the major and most widespread types of discrimination, if not the most, in the country by several anthropologists, sociologists, jurists, historians and others. The myth of a Racial Democracy, a term originally coined by Brazilian sociologist Gilberto Freyre in his 1933 work '' Casa-Grande & Senzala'' (The Masters and the Slaves), is used by many people in the country to deny or downplay the existence and/or the broad extension of racism in Brazil. Racism has been made illegal under Brazil's anti-discrimination laws, which were passed in the 1950s after Katherine Dunham, an African-American dancer touring Brazil, was barred from a hotel. Nonetheless, race has been the subject of multiple intense debates over the years within the country. Definition of Race in Brazil Because the country has a long history of miscegenation, color lines in Brazil have long been blurred,. At the same time, more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Assimilation
Cultural assimilation is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble a society's majority group or assume the values, behaviors, and beliefs of another group whether fully or partially. The different types of cultural assimilation include full assimilation and forced assimilation; full assimilation being the most prevalent of the two, as it occurs spontaneously. During cultural assimilation, minority groups are expected to adapt to the everyday practices of the dominant culture through language and appearance as well as via more significant socioeconomic factors such as absorption into the local cultural and employment community. Some types of cultural assimilation resemble acculturation in which a minority group or culture completely assimilates into the dominant culture in which defining characteristics of the minority culture are less obverse or outright disappear; while in other types of cultural assimilation such as cultural integration mostly found i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antisemitism In Brazil
The history of the Jews in Brazil begins during the settlement of Europeans in the new world. Although only baptized Christian Church, Christians were subject to the Inquisition, Jews started settling in Brazil when the Portuguese Inquisition, Inquisition reached Portugal, in the 16th century. They arrived in Brazil during the period of Dutch Brazil, Dutch rule, setting up in Recife the first synagogue in the Americas, the Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue, as early as 1636. Most of those Jews were Sephardic Jews who had fled the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal to the religious freedom of the Netherlands. The Portuguese Inquisition expanded its scope of operations from Portugal to Portugal's colony, colonial possessions, including Colonial Brazil, Brazil, Portuguese Cape Verde, Cape Verde, and Goa Inquisition, Goa, where it continued investigating and trying cases based on supposed breaches of orthodox Roman Catholicism until 1821. As a colony of Portugal, Brazil was affected by the n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Diaspora In Brazil
German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law ** Germanic peoples (Roman times) * German language **any of the Germanic languages * German cuisine, traditional foods of Germany People * German (given name) * German (surname) * Germán, a Spanish name Places * German (parish), Isle of Man * German, Albania, or Gërmej * German, Bulgaria * German, Iran * German, North Macedonia * German, New York, U.S. * Agios Germanos, Greece Other uses * German (mythology), a South Slavic mythological being * Germans (band), a Canadian rock band * "German" (song), a 2019 song by No Money Enterprise * '' The German'', a 2008 short film * " The Germans", an episode of ''Fawlty Towers'' * ''The German'', a nickname for Congolese rebel André Kisase Ngandu See also * Germanic (disambigu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil In World War II
Brazil, although at the time being commanded by a dictatorial regime sympathetic to the fascist model (the Estado Novo regime) of the Axis countries, ended up participating in World War II (1939-1945) on the side of the Allied forces. In February 1942, German and Italian submarines torpedoed Brazilian ships in the Atlantic Ocean in retaliation for Brazil's adherence to the commitments of the Atlantic Charter (which provided for automatic alignment with any nation of the American continent that was attacked by an extra-continental power), making its neutrality only theoretical. Overview In 1942, amidst economic incentives and diplomatic pressure, the Americans installed aircraft bases along the Brazilian North-Northeast coast. After months of torpedoing Brazilian merchant ships (21 German and 2 Italian submarines were responsible for the sinking of 36 Brazilian merchant ships, causing 1,691 shipwrecks and 1,074 deaths, which was the main reason that led to Brazil's declaration of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vargas Era
The Vargas Era (Portuguese: ''Era Vargas''; ) is the period in the history of Brazil between 1930 and 1945, when the country was governed by president Getúlio Vargas. The period from 1930 to 1937 is known as the Second Brazilian Republic, and the other part of Vargas Era, from 1937 until 1946 is known as the Third Brazilian Republic (or ''Estado Novo''). The Brazilian Revolution of 1930 marked the end of the First Brazilian Republic. President Washington Luís was deposed; the swearing-in of president-elect Júlio Prestes was blocked, on the grounds that the election had been rigged by his supporters; the 1891 Constitution was abrogated, the National Congress was dissolved and the provisional military junta ceded power to Vargas. Federal intervention in state governments increased and the political landscape was altered by suppressing the traditional oligarchies of São Paulo and Minas Gerais states. The Vargas Era comprises three successive phases: *the period of the Provi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-German Sentiment
Anti-German sentiment (also known as Anti-Germanism, Germanophobia or Teutophobia) is opposition to or fear of Germany, its inhabitants, its culture, or its language. Its opposite is Germanophilia. Anti-German sentiment largely began with the mid-19th-century unification of Germany, which made the new nation a rival to the great powers of Europe on economic, cultural, geopolitical, and military grounds. However, the German atrocities during World War I and World War II greatly strengthened anti-German sentiment. Before 1914 United States In the 19th century, the mass influx of German immigrants made them the largest group of Americans by ancestry today. This migration resulted in nativist reactionary movements not unlike those of the contemporary Western world. These would eventually culminate in 1844 with the establishment of the American Party, which had an openly xenophobic stance. One of many incidents described in a 19th century account included the blocking of a fun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talian Dialect
Talian (or Brazilian Venetian, , , but ) is a dialect of the Venetian language, spoken primarily in the Serra Gaúcha region in the northeast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. It is also spoken in other parts of Rio Grande do Sul, as well as in parts of Espirito Santo and of Santa Catarina. Despite the similar names, Talian is not derived from standard Italian (usually called or 'grammatical Italian' in Brazil), but is mainly a mix of Venetian dialects influenced by other Gallo-Italian languages as well as local Portuguese. History Italian settlers first began arriving into these regions in a wave of immigration lasting from approximately 1875 to 1914. These settlers were mainly from Veneto, a region in Northern Italy, where Venetian was spoken, but also from Trentino and Friuli-Venezia Giulia. In the south of Brazil these immigrants settled as smallholders in the region of Encosta da Serra. There they created three settlements: Conde D'Eu (now, Garibaldi, Rio G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riograndenser Hunsrickisch
Hunsrik (natively and Portuguese ''Hunsrik'' or ''Hunsrückisch''), also called ''Riograndenser Hunsrückisch'' or ''Katharinensisch'', is a Moselle Franconian language derived primarily from the Hunsrückisch dialect of West Central German. The language has some recognition, mainly in Brazil. It has been an integral part of the historical and cultural heritage of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul since 2012, and considered an intangible cultural heritage of Santa Catarina state since 2016. It is also a co-official language in the municipalities of Antônio Carlos, Santa Maria do Herval, and São João do Oeste. In Brazil, Hunsrik is spoken in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná. The language is also spoken in some regions of Paraguay and its neighbouring regions in Argentina. Hunsrik developed from the Hunsrückisch dialect when immigrants from the Hunsrück region of Germany ( Rhineland-Palatinate) settled in Brazil's southern regi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immigration To Brazil
Immigration to Brazil is the movement to Brazil of foreign peoples to reside permanently. It should not be confused with the colonization of the country by the Portuguese, or with the forcible bringing of people from Africa as slaves. Latin Europe accounted for four-fifths of the arrivals (1.8 million Portuguese, 1.5 million Italians, and 700,000 Spaniards). This engendered a strikingly multicultural society. Yet over a few generations, Brazil absorbed these new populations in a manner that resembles the experience of the rest of the New World. Throughout its history, Brazil has always been a recipient of immigrants, but this began to gain importance in the late 19th century and throughout the 20th century when the country received massive immigration from Europe, the Middle East, and Japan, which left lasting marks on demography, culture, language and the economy of Brazil. In general, it is considered that people who entered Brazil up to 1822, the year of independence, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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