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National Anthem Of Mauritania (1960–2017)
The "National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania" (, ) was the national anthem of Mauritania between 1960 and 2017. History The anthem's lyrics are taken from a poem written in the late 18th century by Baba Ould Cheikh, while the melody was arranged by Russian-French composer Tolia Nikiprowetzky. It was adopted upon independence from France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ... in 1960. The unusual and highly complex rhythm of it makes it almost impossible to sing. For this reason, it is often erroneously listed as wordless. It was replaced by the current national anthem on 16 November 2017 after the Mauritanian constitutional referendum of 2017. Lyrics Notes References External linksAudio of the national anthem of Mauritania, with information and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Mauritania
This is a list of heads of state of Mauritania since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of nine people have served as head of state of Mauritania (not counting one Acting President). Additionally, one person, Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, has served on two non-consecutive occasions. The current head of state of Mauritania is the President of the Republic Mohamed Ould Ghazouani, since 1 August 2019. Titles * 1960–1961: Acting Head of State * 1961–1978: President of the Islamic Republic * 1978–1979: Chairman of the Military Committee for National Recovery * 1979: Head of State and Chairman of the Military Committee for National Recovery * 1979–1992: Head of State and Chairman of the Military Committee for National Salvation * 1992–2005: President of the Islamic Republic * 2005–2007: Chairman of the Military Council for Justice and Democracy * 2007–2008: President of the Islamic Republic * 2008–2009: President of the High C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baba Ould Cheikh
Baba Ould Cheikh is a Lemhar Arab Malian drug trafficker with close ties to jihadist groups. Biography Cheikh was born around 1965. Little is known about his early life. During his time as the mayor of Tarkint, Cheikh managed two construction companies in Gao in the early 2000s. His fleet of trucks illegally imported consumer products from Algeria along with cocaine. Cheikh was at the forefront of the "Air Cocaine" scandal in 2009. He was also in close contact with Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), in particular regarding negotiations for European hostages kidnapped in Algeria in 2003, and later on the kidnapping of Robert Fowler. In negotiations for Fowler, Cheikh put special advisor to the Burkinabe president Moustapha Ould Limam Chafi in contact with AQIM emir Mokhtar Belmokhtar. Cheikh was also suspected of having links to Fowler's kidnappers. On February 3, 2013, a few days after Malian forces recaptured Gao from jihadists, Cheikh was violent attacked by a group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tolia Nikiprowetzky
Tolia Nikiprowetzky (12 or 25 September 1916 – 5 May 1997) was a French composer and musicologist of Russian birth. His compositions include four operas (''Les Noces d'Ombre'', ''La Fête et les masques'', ''Le Sourire de l'Autre'' and ''La Veuve du Héros''); a symphony (Symphony Logos 5); concertos for saxophone, piano, cello, and trumpet; a piece for wind quintet and string orchestra; two large religious works (''Numinis Sacra'' and ''Ode Funèbre''); a few cantatas; several pieces for solo piano; and numerous chamber works among others. Some of his works experimented with serialism, electronic music, and reflected his interest in African music. Born in Feodosiya, Nikiprowetzky immigrated with his parents to France in 1923 where they settled in Marseilles. He began his musical studies at the Marseilles Conservatory but left there in 1937 to enter the Conservatoire de Paris where he was a student of Simone Plé-Caussade and Louis Laloy. After World War II he pursued f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Anthem Of Mauritania
The national anthem of Mauritania ( ar, النشيد الوطني الموريتاني), also known by its incipit, "" ( en, "Land of the Proud, Guided by Noblemen"; french: "Pays des fiers, nobles guides"), was adopted on 16 November 2017 and was composed by Egyptian composer Rageh Daoud. History In March 2017, following a referendum to amend the constitution of July 1991, the Mauritanian National Assembly adopted a new national anthem to replace the previous one, which was considered almost impossible to sing. Lyrics The anthem currently has six verses, with a chorus repeated after each verse. The fifth verse (in brackets) is sung in an extended version of the anthem. It was first sung on the 57th independence day of Mauritania, on 28 November 2017. Full lyrics Short version On official occasions requiring brevity, a short version is sung, comprising verse one (which is repeated), the chorus (which is split before line three), verse two and verse six. See also * F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Anthem
A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. American, Central Asian, and European nations tend towards more ornate and operatic pieces, while those in the Middle East, Oceania, Africa, and the Caribbean use a more simplistic fanfare. Some countries that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom, Russia, and the former Soviet Union); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states. History In the early modern period, some European monarchies adopted royal anthems. Some of these anthems have survived into current use. "God Save the King/Queen", first performed in 1619, remains the royal anthem of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms. , adopted as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mauritania
Mauritania (; ar, موريتانيا, ', french: Mauritanie; Berber: ''Agawej'' or ''Cengit''; Pulaar: ''Moritani''; Wolof: ''Gànnaar''; Soninke:), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania ( ar, الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية), is a sovereign country in West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Western Sahara to the north and northwest, Algeria to the northeast, Mali to the east and southeast, and Senegal to the southwest. Mauritania is the 11th-largest country in Africa and the 28th-largest in the world, and 90% of its territory is situated in the Sahara. Most of its population of 4.4 million lives in the temperate south of the country, with roughly one-third concentrated in the capital and largest city, Nouakchott, located on the Atlantic coast. The country's name derives from the ancient Berber kingdom of Mauretania, located in North Africa within the ancient Maghreb. Berbers occupied what is now Mauritania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonial Mauritania
The period from the mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries is the colonial period in Mauritania. Early relationship with Europe Before the nineteenth century, the European powers in West Africa were interested only in coastal trade; they attempted no important inland exploration and established no permanent settlements (except Saint-Louis). The European mercantile companies on the coast were charged with making the highest possible profit. Four such French companies enjoyed an official French-government monopoly of the Senegal River trade from 1659 to 1798. Contact with the Maures and the black inhabitants of the valley came about only in the course of trade. From the beginning, French influence, competing with traditional trading partners north and east of Mauritania, came through Senegal.Warner, Rachel. "French Colonial Administration". In Handloff. In 1825 the new Emir of Trarza, Muhammad al Habib, sought to reassert his sovereignty over the French-protected Oualo King ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2017 Mauritanian Constitutional Referendum
A two-part constitutional referendum was held in Mauritania on 5 August 2017, having initially been planned for 15 July.Mauritanians to decide on July 15 whether President could extend reign North Africa Post, 25 April 2017 Voters were asked whether they approve of proposed amendments to the . Both proposals were approved by 86% of voters with a voter turnout of 54%. Proposed amendments The referendum was split into two questions on different proposed reforms. One covered abolition of the indirectly-elected |
Romanization Of Arabic
The romanization of Arabic is the systematic rendering of written and spoken Arabic in the Latin script. Romanized Arabic is used for various purposes, among them transcription of names and titles, cataloging Arabic language works, language education when used instead of or alongside the Arabic script, and representation of the language in scientific publications by linguists. These formal systems, which often make use of diacritics and non-standard Latin characters and are used in academic settings or for the benefit of non-speakers, contrast with informal means of written communication used by speakers such as the Latin-based Arabic chat alphabet. Different systems and strategies have been developed to address the inherent problems of rendering various Arabic varieties in the Latin script. Examples of such problems are the symbols for Arabic phonemes that do not exist in English or other European languages; the means of representing the Arabic definite article, which is alw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic transcription, phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standardized representation of speech sounds in written form.International Phonetic Association (IPA), ''Handbook''. The IPA is used by lexicography, lexicographers, foreign language students and teachers, linguistics, linguists, speech–language pathology, speech–language pathologists, singers, actors, constructed language creators, and translators. The IPA is designed to represent those qualities of speech that are part of wiktionary:lexical, lexical (and, to a limited extent, prosodic) sounds in oral language: phone (phonetics), phones, phonemes, Intonation (linguistics), intonation, and the separation of words and syllables. To represent additional qualities of speech—such as tooth wiktionary:gnash, gnashing, lisping, and sounds made wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassaniya Arabic
Hassānīya ( ar, حسانية '; also known as , , , , and ''Maure'') is a variety of Maghrebi Arabic spoken by Mauritanian Arabs and the Sahrawi. It was spoken by the Beni Ḥassān Bedouin tribes, who extended their authority over most of Mauritania and Morocco's southeastern and Western Sahara between the 15th and 17th centuries. Hassānīya Arabic was the language spoken in the pre-modern region around Chinguetti. The language has completely replaced the Berber languages that were originally spoken in this region. Although clearly a western dialect, Hassānīya is relatively distant from other Maghrebi variants of Arabic. Its geographical location exposed it to influence from Zenaga-Berber and Wolof. There are several dialects of Hassānīya, which differ primarily phonetically. Today, Hassānīya is spoken in Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Senegal and the Western Sahara. Phonology The phonological system of Hassānīya is both very innovative and ver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
