|
National Independence Party Of Georgia
The National Independence Party of Georgia (NIP) is a Georgia (country), Georgian political party. The party was an important force during the transition from the Soviet Union to independence but subsequently faded and its current status in unknown. History The group was established in 1988 by Irakli Tsereteli, a member of the pro-independence Ilia Chavchavadze Society as a focus for more radical members of that group.Jonathan Wheatley, ''Georgia from National Awakening to Rose Revolution: Delayed Transition in the Former Soviet Union'', Routledge, 201link/ref> It took a strongly nationalist and anti-communist ideological position.Stephen Jones, ''Georgia: A Political History Since Independence'', I.B. Tauris, 2015, pp. 38-39 On 30 September 1990 they took part in elections to the Georgian National Congress, an unofficial body established by pro-independence groups who were boycotting 1990 Georgian parliamentary election, the elections to the Supreme Council of the Republic of Geor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgian Nationalism
Georgian nationalism is a nationalism which argues for promotion of Georgian national identity and a nation state based on it. The beginning of Georgian nationalism can be traced to the middle of the 19th century, when Georgia was part of the Russian Empire. From being more culture-focused in the Imperial Russian and Soviet periods, it went through several phases, evolving into radical ethnocentric in the late 1980s and early in the post-Soviet independence years, and to a more inclusive and civic-oriented form in the mid-2000s. However, vestiges of ethnic nationalism remain among many Georgians. Emergence While the notion of Georgian exceptionalism can be traced back to the middle ages (as demonstrated by the writings of John Zosimus), modern Georgian nationalism emerged in the middle of the 19th century as a reaction to the Russian annexation of fragmented Georgian polities, which terminated their precarious independence, but brought to the Georgians unity under a single ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. Russia extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and shares Borders of Russia, land boundaries with fourteen countries, more than List of countries and territories by land borders, any other country but China. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, world's ninth-most populous country and List of European countries by population, Europe's most populous country, with a population of 146 million people. The country's capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city is Moscow, the List of European cities by population within city limits, largest city entirely within E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Parties Established In 1988
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. It may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and nonviolent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but also often carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or limitedly, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external force, including wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nationalist Parties In Georgia (country)
Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History''. Polity, 2010. pp. 9, 25–30; especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty (self-governance) over its homeland to create a nation-state. Nationalism holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power. It further aims to build and maintain a single national identity, based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics (or the government), religion, traditions and belief in a shared singular history, and to promote national unity or solidarity. Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1988 Establishments In Georgia (country)
File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Bicentennial on January 26; The 1988 Summer Olympics are held in Seoul, South Korea; Soviet troops begin their withdrawal from Afghanistan, which is completed the next year; The 1988 Armenian earthquake kills between 25,000-50,000 people; The 8888 Uprising in Myanmar, led by students, protests the Burma Socialist Programme Party; A bomb explodes on Pan Am Flight 103, causing the plane to crash down on the town of Lockerbie, Scotland- the event kills 270 people., 300x300px, thumb rect 0 0 200 200 Piper Alpha rect 200 0 400 200 Iran Air Flight 655 rect 400 0 600 200 Australian Bicentenary rect 0 200 300 400 Pan Am Flight 103 rect 300 200 600 400 1988 Summer Olympics rect 0 400 200 600 8888 Uprising rect 200 400 400 600 1988 Armenian earthquake r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of Citizens Of Georgia
The Union of Citizens of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს მოქალაქეთა კავშირი) (also known as the Citizens' Union of Georgia or Georgian Citizens' Union) was a centre-left political party established by Eduard Shevardnadze, Communist leader of the Georgian SSR from 1972-1985 and then President of Georgia from 1992–2003 and David Chantladze, former General Trade Representative of the Soviet Union to Czechoslovakia. It was established in the mid-1990s as a vehicle for modernising politicians. It became the majority grouping in the Georgian parliament following the parliamentary elections of November 1995, with Shevardnadze winning the presidency at the same time. Although the Citizens' Union attracted a number of talented young reformers, including Mikhail Saakashvili, Zurab Zhvania and Nino Burjanadze, it eventually fell victim to Georgia's endemic corruption and Shevardnadze's increasing use of electoral manipulation. In September ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kodori Valley
The Kodori Valley, also known as the Kodori Gorge ( ka, კოდორის ხეობა, ab, Кәыдырҭа, Kwydyrta), is a river valley in Abkhazia, Georgia (country), Georgia's breakaway autonomous republic. The valley's upper part, populated by Svan people, Svans, was the only corner of the War in Abkhazia (1992–1993), post-1993 Abkhazia, directly controlled by the central Georgian government, which since 2006 officially styles the area as Upper Abkhazia (Geo. ზემო აფხაზეთი, ''Zemo Apkhazeti''). On August 12, 2008, Russo–Abkhazian forces Battle of the Kodori Valley, gained control of the Upper Kodori Valley, previously controlled by Georgia. Description The Upper Kodori Valley lies in the upper reaches of the Kodori River in northeastern portion of Abkhazia, about 65 km (40 miles) inside an official administrative boundary of the region with the rest of Georgia. It is about 30 km (20 miles) down the coast from Abkhazia's capital Sukhumi. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emzar Kvitsiani
Emzar Kvitsiani ( ka, ემზარ კვიციანი, ; born April 25, 1961) is a former Georgian military commander and politician. He took part in the War in Abkhazia (1992–1993), forming a paramilitary group '' Monadire'' in the upper Kodori valley, guarding it from Abkhaz forces. He was mainly active in Kodori valley, which he ran ''de facto'' through his militia from 1992 to 2006. In 1999, President Eduard Shevardnadze appointed Kvitsiani to the post of President's special envoy to Kodori valley. In 2001, Kvitsiani allegedly cooperated with Chechen field commander Ruslan Gelayev in an attempt to bring Abkhazia back under Georgian control. Kvitsiani opposed the Rose Revolution, which subsequently led to confrontation with the Georgia's central authorities under Mikheil Saakashvili. President Sakaashvili removed him from his official government position in December 2004 and later disbanded the ''Monadire'' in April 2005. Kvitsiani declared defiance to the authorities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgian Labour Party
The Georgian Labour Party ( ka, საქართველოს ლეიბორისტული პარტია, ''Sakartvelos Leiboristuli Partia'', SLP) is a political party in Georgia that was founded in 1995 by Shalva Natelashvili Shalva Natelashvili (born 17 February 1958) is a Georgian politician, a founder of the Georgian Labour Party and its chair since 1995. He is a president of the International Geopolitical Center. Early life and career Natelashvili was born in t .... History 1998 Local Elections In the 1998 local elections, the party received 20 percent of the votes. 1999 Parliamentary Elections The Labor Party received 7% in the 1999 parliamentary elections. The party blamed the authorities for rigging the elections. 2002 Local Self-Government Elections In the 2002 Local Self-Government Elections, the party won the majority of seats (26%) in the Tbilisi City Assembly. 2003 Parliamentary Elections The Georgian Labour Party received 12% i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2000 Georgian Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Georgia on 9 April 2000. The result was a victory for Eduard Shevardnadze of the Union of Citizens of Georgia, who received 82% of the vote, with a 76% turnout.Nohlen ''et al.'', p402 Conduct The OSCE election observation mission concluded that while "fundamental freedoms were generally respected during the election campaign and candidates were able to express their views ..further progress is necessary for Georgia to fully meet its commitments as a participating State of the OSCE." The OSCE report also highlighted that only two candidates, Shevardnadze and Patiashvili had "campaigned actively". Results References {{Georgian elections Presidential elections in Georgia (country) Presidential President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War In Abkhazia (1992–1993)
The War in Abkhazia was fought between Georgian government forces for the most part and Abkhaz separatist forces, Russian government armed forces and North Caucasian militants between 1992 and 1993. Ethnic Georgians who lived in Abkhazia fought largely on the side of Georgian government forces. Ethnic Armenians and Russians within Abkhazia's population largely supported the AbkhaziansAbkhazia Today. ''The International Crisis Group Europe Report N°176, 15 September 2006, page 5''. Retrieved on 30 May 2007. ''Free registration needed to view full report'' and many fought on their side. The separatists received support from thousands of North Caucasus and [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
