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National Eligibility Test
The National Eligibility Test (NET) is a standardised test conducted at the national level by various agencies of the Government of India. It assesses candidates' eligibility for research fellowships, specifically the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) and, in some cases, the Senior Research Fellowship (SRF). The test enables successful candidates to pursue doctoral programmes and contribute to research endeavors within public research institutes and universities across the country. Additionally, many colleges and universities use the NET as a criterion for appointing assistant professor Assistant professor is an academic rank just below the rank of an associate professor used in universities or colleges, mainly in the United States, Canada, Japan, and South Korea. Overview This position is generally taken after earning a doct ...s, with a lower cut-off mark specified than that required for the JRF. List of NET exams The NET exams include but not limited to: * Agricultural ...
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Standardised Test
A standardized test is a test that is administered and scored in a consistent or standard manner. Standardized tests are designed in such a way that the questions and interpretations are consistent and are administered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner. A standardized test is administered and scored uniformly for all test takers. Any test in which the same test is given in the same manner to all test takers, and graded in the same manner for everyone, is a standardized test. Standardized tests do not need to be high-stakes tests, time-limited tests, multiple-choice tests, academic tests, or tests given to large numbers of test takers. Standardized tests can take various forms, including written, oral, or practical test. The standardized test may evaluate many subjects, including driving, creativity, athleticism, personality, professional ethics, as well as academic skills. The opposite of standardized testing is non-standardized testing, in which either signific ...
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Government Of India
The Government of India (ISO 15919, ISO: Bhārata Sarakāra, legally the Union Government or Union of India or the Central Government) is the national authority of the Republic of India, located in South Asia, consisting of States and union territories of India, 36 states and union territories. The government is led by the president of India (currently ) who largely exercises the executive powers, and selects the Prime Minister of India, prime minister of India and other ministers for aid and advice. Government has been formed by the The prime minister and their senior ministers belong to the Union Council of Ministers, its executive decision-making committee being the Cabinet (government), cabinet. The government, seated in New Delhi, has three primary branches: the legislature, the executive and the judiciary, whose powers are vested in bicameral Parliament of India, Union Council of Ministers (headed by prime minister), and the Supreme Court of India respectively, with a p ...
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Junior Research Fellowship
After completing a postgraduate degree, one of the options is to pursue a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) program. These Ph.D programs cost money and time. To help a scholar there are many Research Fellowship Schemes in India funded by either a government agency or a private one. Such a scholar pursuing a Ph.D receives a monthly stipend and in some cases an annual contingency grant for 2 to 5 years. The most relevant of these are: #Prime Minister’s Research Fellowship (PMRF) #Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund Scholarship #Physical Research Laboratory Junior Research Fellowship #Google PhD Fellowship India Program #ICHR Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) #ICSSR Doctoral Research Fellowship # Maulana Azad National Fellowship (MANF) (discontinued from fiscal year 2023) #NCERT Doctoral Fellowship for PhD #Junior Research Fellowship #CSIR-UGC JRF NET Fellowship #AICTE Doctoral fellowship (ADF) #DBT-JRF Fellowship #FITM – AYUSH Research Fellowship Scheme #SAARC Agricultural PhD Scholarsh ...
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Research Institutes
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes. Famous research institutes In the early medieval period, several astronomical observatories were built in the Islamic world. The first of these was the 9th-century Baghdad observatory built during the time of the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun, though the most famous were the 13th-century Maragheh observatory, and the 15th-century Ulugh Beg Observatory. The Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics was a school of mathematics and astronomy founded by Madhava of Sangamagrama in Kerala, India. The school flourished between the 14th and 16th centuries and the original discoveries of the school s ...
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Visva-Bharati University
Visva-Bharati (IAST: ''Viśva-Bhāratī''), () is a public central university and an Institute of National Importance located in Shantiniketan, West Bengal, India. It was founded by Rabindranath Tagore who called it ''Visva-Bharati'', which means the communion of the world with India. Until independence it was a college. Soon after independence, the institution was given the status of a central university in 1951 by an act of the Parliament. Overview ''The Hindu'' writes, "Santiniketan in many ways is still quite different compared to other universities in the country. Located at Bolpur in Birbhum district of West Bengal, the university still has the rural trappings that Tagore dreamt of. The classes are still held in the open under the shade of huge mango trees and students and tutors alike still travel by cycles to keep pollution at bay. The old buildings, even those that were made up of mud walls and thatched roofs, are still intact and find a place within the main campu ...
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The Times Of India
''The Times of India'' (''TOI'') is an Indian English-language daily newspaper and digital news media owned and managed by the Times Group. It is the List of newspapers in India by circulation, third-largest newspaper in India by circulation and List of newspapers by circulation, largest selling English-language daily in the world. It is the oldest English-language newspaper in India, and the second-oldest Indian newspaper still in circulation, with its first edition published in 1838. It is nicknamed as "The Old Lady of Bori Bunder", and is a newspaper of record. Near the beginning of the 20th century, Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India, called ''TOI'' "the leading paper in Asia". In 1991, the BBC ranked ''TOI'' among the world's six best newspapers. It is owned and published by Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. (BCCL), which is owned by the Sahu Jain family. In the Brand Trust Report India study 2019, ''TOI'' was rated as the most trusted English newspaper in India. In a 2021 surve ...
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Assistant Professor
Assistant professor is an academic rank just below the rank of an associate professor used in universities or colleges, mainly in the United States, Canada, Japan, and South Korea. Overview This position is generally taken after earning a doctoral degree and sometimes after several years of holding one or more postdoctoral research A postdoctoral fellow, postdoctoral researcher, or simply postdoc, is a person professionally conducting research after the completion of their doctoral studies (typically a PhD). Postdocs most commonly, but not always, have a temporary acade ...er positions. It is below the position of associate professor at most universities and is equivalent to the rank of lecturer at most Commonwealth universities. In the United States, assistant professor is often the first position held in a tenure track, although it can also be a non-tenure track position. A typical professorship sequence is assistant professor, associate professor, and full professo ...
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Hindustan Times
''Hindustan Times'' is an Indian English language, English-language daily newspaper based in Delhi. It is the flagship publication of HT Media Limited, an entity controlled by the Birla family, and is owned by Shobhana Bhartia, the daughter of K. K. Birla. It was founded by Sunder Singh Lyallpuri, founder-father of the Akali movement and the Shiromani Akali Dal, in Delhi and played integral roles in the Indian independence movement as a nationalist daily. ''Hindustan Times'' is one of the List of newspapers in India by circulation, largest newspapers in India by circulation. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations (India), Audit Bureau of Circulations, it has a circulation of 993,645 copies . The Indian Readership Survey 2014 revealed that ''HT'' is the second-most widely read English newspaper in India after ''The Times of India''. It is popular in North India, with simultaneous editions from New Delhi, Mumbai, Lucknow, Patna, Chandigarh and Ranchi. The print location ...
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Scroll
A scroll (from the Old French ''escroe'' or ''escroue''), also known as a roll, is a roll of papyrus, parchment, or paper containing writing. Structure A scroll is usually partitioned into pages, which are sometimes separate sheets of papyrus or parchment glued together at the edges. Scrolls may be marked divisions of a continuous roll of writing material. The scroll is usually unrolled so that one page is exposed at a time, for writing or reading, with the remaining pages rolled and stowed to the left and right of the visible page. Text is written in lines from the top to the bottom of the page. Depending on the language, the letters may be written left to right, right to left, or alternating in direction (boustrophedon). History Scrolls were the first form of editable record keeping texts, used in Eastern Mediterranean ancient Egyptian civilizations. Parchment scrolls were used by the Israelites among others before the codex or bound book with parchment pages was invented ...
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Graduate Aptitude Test In Engineering
The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is an Entrance examination (education), entrance examination conducted in India for admission to technical Postgraduate education, postgraduate programs that tests the undergraduate subjects of engineering and sciences. GATE is conducted jointly by the Indian Institute of Science and seven Indian Institutes of Technology, Indian Institutes of Technologies at IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, IIT Delhi, Delhi, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, IIT Madras, Chennai (Madras) and IIT Bombay, Mumbai (Bombay) on behalf of the National Coordination Board – GATE, Department of Higher Education (India), Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education (India), Ministry of Education (MoE), Government of India. The GATE score of a candidate reflects the relative performance level of a candidate. The score is used for admissions to various post-graduate education programs (e.g. Master of Engineering, Master of Te ...
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Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test
The Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test (GPAT) is a computer-based standardised test in India conducted by the National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences (NBEMS) on behalf of the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI), to determine the eligibility of candidates for admission to the Master of Pharmacy (M. Pharm) programme in Indian government and private universities, colleges, and institutes. The first GPAT examination was held in 2010. Until 2018, it was conducted by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE). From 2019 to 2023, the exam was conducted by the National Testing Agency. Since 2024, it is conducted by the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) through National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences (NBEMS). Organising authority The first GPAT examination was held in 2010, conducted by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) under the Ministry of Education, Government of India. Until 2018, AICTE conducted the exam. From 2019 to 2023, the exam was co ...
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UGC–NET
The University Grants Commission–National Eligibility Test (UGC–NET) is a standardised test in India conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) on behalf of the University Grants Commission. It is designed to determine the eligibility of candidates for: awarding of the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF), appointment as assistant professor, and admission to PhD in Indian universities and colleges. The exam can be taken in any one of the 85 subjects. The UGC–NET National Eligibility Test is one of the toughest exams in India. Until July 2018, the Central Board of Secondary Education The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is a national-level board of education in India for public and private schools, controlled and managed by the Government of India. Established in 1929 by a resolution of the government, the Board ... (CBSE) conducted the exam, which was taken over by the NTA since December 2018. Currently, the exam is being conducted twice a year in the mon ...
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