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National Centre Party (Estonia)
The National Centre Party ( et, Rahvuslik Keskerakond, ''RKE'') was a political party in Estonia. History The party was established in October 1931 as the United Nationalists Party by a merger of the Estonian People's Party and the Christian People's Party.Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p384 In January 1932 the Estonian Labour Party joined the merger, with the party becoming the National Centre Party. In February the Landlords' Party also merged into the party. Between them the four parties held a combined 26 seats in the Riigikogu. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p586 In the 1932 elections the new party won only 23 seats, losing to the Union of Settlers and Smallholders, which had recently been established by a merger of the Farmers' Assemblies party and the Settlers' Party. Along with all other political parties, its activities were suspended in 1935 (a year after the 1934 Konstant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian People's Party
The Estonian People's Party ( et, Eesti Rahvaerakond, ER) was a centre-right political party in Estonia. History The party was established in March 1919 by a merger of the Estonian Democratic Party and the Estonian Radical Democratic Party.Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p385 Some right-wing members of the Democratic Party opposed merging with the Radical Democrats and broke away to form the Christian Democratic Party.McHale, p386 In the April 1919 Constituent Assembly elections the new party won 25 of the 120 seats, becoming the third-largest party in the Assembly. However, the 1920 election saw it reduced to 10 seats in the 100-seat Riigikogu. It won eight seats in the 1923 and 1926 elections, and nine in the 1929 elections. In October 1931 it merged with Christian People's Party to form the United Nationalist Party, which was joined by the Estonian Labour Party The Estonian Labour Party ( et, Eesti Tööerakond, ETE) was a po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of Settlers And Smallholders
The Union of Settlers and Smallholders ( et, Asunikkude ning väikemaapidajate Koondis, ''AVK'') was a political party in Estonia. History The party was established in 1932 as a merger of the ruling Farmers' Assemblies party and the Settlers' Party, Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p579 with the two parties holding a combined 38 seats in the Riigikogu. In the 1932 elections the new party won 42 seats, the most seats ever won in multi-party elections in Estonia. It continued in government, with Kaarel Eenpalu becoming Head of State. In 1933 it suffered a major split when the large conservative faction of the Farmers' Assemblies left the Union to re-establish their party.Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p380 Along with all others, the party was banned in 1935 following Konstantin Päts's self-coup A self-coup, also called autocoup (from the es, autogolpe), is a form of coup d'état in which a n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defunct Political Parties In Estonia
{{Disambiguation ...
Defunct (no longer in use or active) may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the state of being which occurs when an object, service, or practice is no longer maintained or required even though it may still be in good working order. It usually happens when something that is more efficient or less risky r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banned Political Parties
A ban is a formal or informal prohibition of something. Bans are formed for the prohibition of activities within a certain political territory. Some bans in commerce are referred to as embargoes. ''Ban'' is also used as a verb similar in meaning to "to prohibit". Etymology In current English usage, ''ban'' is mostly synonymous with ''prohibition''. Historically, Old English ''(ge)bann'' is a derivation from the verb ''bannan'' "to summon, command, proclaim" from an earlier Common Germanic ''*bannan'' "to command, forbid, banish, curse". The modern sense "to prohibit" is influenced by the cognate Old Norse ''banna'' "to curse, to prohibit" and also from Old French ''ban'', ultimately a loan from Old Frankish, meaning "outlawry, banishment". The Indo-European etymology of the Germanic term is from a root ''*bha-'' meaning "to speak". Its original meaning was magical, referring to utterances that carried a power to curse. Banned political parties In many countries political p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1938 Estonian Parliamentary Election
Events January * January 1 ** The Constitution of Estonia#Third Constitution (de facto 1938–1940, de jure 1938–1992), new constitution of Estonia enters into force, which many consider to be the ending of the Era of Silence and the authoritarian regime. ** state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS). * January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Safinaz Zulficar, who becomes Farida of Egypt, Queen Farida, in Cairo. * January 27 – The Honeymoon Bridge (Niagara Falls), Honeymoon Bridge at Niagara Falls, New York, collapses as a result of an ice jam. February * February 4 ** Adolf Hitler abolishes the War Ministry and creates the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (High Command of the Armed Forces), giving him direct control of the German military. In addition, he dismisses political and military leaders considered unsympathetic to his philosophy or policies. Gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Self-coup
A self-coup, also called autocoup (from the es, autogolpe), is a form of coup d'état in which a nation's head, having come to power through legal means, tries to stay in power through illegal means. The leader may dissolve or render powerless the national legislature and unlawfully assume extraordinary powers not granted under normal circumstances. Other measures may include annulling the nation's constitution, suspending civil courts, and having the head of government assume dictatorial powers.An early reference to the term ''autogolpe'' may be found in Kaufman, Edy: ''Uruguay in Transition: From Civilian to Military Rule'', Transaction, New Brunswick, 1979. It includes a definition of ''autogolpe'' and mentions that the word was "popularly" used in reference to events in Uruguay in 1972–1973. Se''Uruguay in Transition: From Civilian to Military Rule'' – Edy Kaufmanat Google Books. Between 1946 and 2022, an estimated 148 self-coup attempts have taken place, 110 in autocrac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konstantin Päts
Konstantin Päts (; – 18 January 1956) was an Estonian statesman and the country's president in 1938–1940. Päts was one of the most influential politicians of the independent democratic Republic of Estonia, and during the two decades prior to World War II he also served five times as the country's prime minister. Päts was one of the first Estonians to become active in politics and started an almost 40-year political rivalry with Jaan Tõnisson, first through journalism with his newspaper '' Teataja'', later through politics. Päts was sentenced to death (in absentia) during the Russian Revolution of 1905, but managed to flee the country first to Switzerland, then to Finland, where he continued his literary work. He returned to Estonia (then part of the Russian Empire), but had to spend time in prison in 1910–1911. In 1917, Päts headed the provincial government of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia, but was forced to go underground after the Bolshevik coup in No ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Settlers' Party
The Settlers' Party ( et, Asunikkude partei) was a political party in Estonia. History The party was established in 1923 as the Settlers' Group (''Asunikkude koondis''), a breakaway from Farmers' Assemblies.Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p381 The 1923 elections saw it won four seats in the Riigikogu.Nohlen & Stöver, p577Nohlen & Stöver, p586 In December 1925 it became the Settlers, State Tenants and Smallholders Group (''Asunikkude, Riigirentnikkude ja Väikepõllupidajate Koondis''), and in the 1926 elections it won 14 seats, becoming the third largest party in the Riigikogu. It retained its 14-seat strength in the 1929 elections. The party was renamed again in 1931, becoming the Farmers' Settlers and Smallholders' Group (''Põllumeeste, Asunikkude ja Väikemaapidajate Koondis''). Prior to the 1932 elections the party merged with the Farmers' Assemblies to form the Union of Settlers and Smallholders, with the new party winning 42 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farmers' Assemblies
The Farmers' Assemblies ( et, Põllumeeste Kogud) was a conservative political party in Estonia. Led by Konstantin Päts, it was one of the ruling parties during most of the interwar period. History The Rural League (''Maarahva Liit'') was formed in 1917 following an article in the ''Postimees'' newspaper by members of the Southern Estonian Farmers' Central Society, which called for the rural population to form political groups to represent themselves.Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p378 The new party published the ''Maaliit'' newspaper. In the Provincial Assembly elections later in the year the League received 22% of the vote and emerged as the largest party in the Assembly, holding 13 of the 62 seats. After the elections the party became part of the Democratic Bloc alongside the Estonian Democratic Party and the Estonian Radical Democratic Party. The Bloc received around 23% of the vote in the February 1918 Constituent Assembly elec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1932 Estonian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia between 21 and 23 May 1932. Background Before the elections major shifts occurred in the political landscape. The Farmers' Assemblies (mostly backed by the "old farmers" and those somewhat more conservative and economically right-wing) and Settlers' Party (patriotic left-of-centre agrarian) merged to form the Union of Settlers and Smallholders, whilst the Estonian People's Party, the Christian People's Party, the Labour Party and the Landlords' Party merged to form the National Centre Party. Results See also *V Riigikogu References *V Riigikogu valimised : 21.-23.maini 1932; Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo = Élections au parlement : de 21.-23. mai 1932; Bureau Central de Statistique de l'Estonie - Tallinn : Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo, 1932 Parliamentary elections in Estonia Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian People's Party (Estonia)
The Christian People's Party ( et, Kristlik Rahvaerakond, KRE) was a political party in Estonia between 1919 and 1931. History The party had its roots in the campaign for the 1918 Constituent Assembly elections, which was contested by a group known as the "Independent Christians".Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p374 The Christian Democratic Party (''Kristlik Demokraatlik Partei'', KDP) was established the following year by the Independent Christians and some defectors from the Estonian People's Party. The new party won five seats in the Constituent Assembly elections that year.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p581 The KDP went on to win seven seats in the 1920 elections, and joined Konstantin Päts' Farmers' Assemblies-led the government on 5 January 1921, being given the Education ministry post. However, the following year it caused a split in the government by introducing a bill to pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections ma ...s and political development, he has published several books. IDEA Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Electi ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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