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National Action (Australia)
National Action was a militant Australian white supremacist group founded in 1982 by Jim Saleam, a neo-Nazi activist and convicted criminal, and David Greason. Saleam had been a member of the short-lived National Socialist Party of Australia as a teenager during the 1970s. Jim Saleam's criminal convictions include property offenses and fraud in 1984 and being an accessory before the fact in regard to organising a shotgun attack in 1989 on African National Congress representative Eddie Funde. Saleam served jail terms for both crimes. He pleaded not guilty to both charges, claiming that he was set up by police. The group was disbanded following the murder of a member, Wayne "Bovver" Smith, in the group's headquarters at Tempe. Saleam later became the New South Wales chairman of the Australia First Party, and stood as its endorsed candidate several times. The National Action co-founder David Greason's book, ''I was a Teenage Fascist'', tells of Greason's own time within the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jim Saleam
James Saleam (; born 18 September 1955) is an Australian far-right extremist and the chairman of the Australia First Party. Saleam has been described as a white nationalist, who has been a strong advocate of barring further immigration to preserve a "self-contained, predominantly white nation resistant to further immigration or watering-down of its culture". This is often considered ironic Saleam is alleged to have mixed Lebanese ancestry; indigenous people of the Middle East, and in fact all non-Europeans, and even some Southern Europeans were once barred from immigrating to Australia until the 1950s under the White Australia policy. He has been observed wearing a swastika armband and associating with neo-Nazi skinheads.Several articles discuss Saleam's criminal convictions, contain photographs of Saleam wearing Nazi attire and describe Saleam as a neo-Nazi or former neo-Nazi: * * * * *For historic photos of Saleam in Nazi Attire: Early life Saleam, the son of Lebanese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Socialist Party Of Australia
The National Socialist Party of Australia (NSPA) was a minor Australian neo-Nazi party that operated between 1967 and early 1970s. It was formed in 1967 as a more moderate breakaway from the Australian National Socialist Party (ANSP). The NSPA was led by Ted Cawthron. History Cawthron and Frank Molnar launched the party in late 1967, explicitly rejecting the "jackbooted 'Nazi' image" associated with Arthur Smith's ANSP. They focused particularly on Smith's criminal convictions from a 1965 raid on ANSP headquarters. Although there were a number of attempts to reunite the two parties, the NSPA eventually attracted a number of other Australian national socialists disenchanted with Smith's leadership. In May 1968, Smith resigned as leader of the ANSP and his successor, Eric Wenberg, merged the ANSP into the NSPA. Wenberg was accepted into a leadership position in the party, alongside Molnar as chairman, Cawthron as director of publications, Les Ritchie, and John Stewart. Early in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neo-Nazi Political Parties
Neo-Nazism comprises the post–World War II militant, social, and political movements that seek to revive and reinstate Nazi ideology. Neo-Nazis employ their ideology to promote hatred and racial supremacy (often white supremacy), attack racial and ethnic minorities (often antisemitism and Islamophobia), and in some cases to create a fascist state. Neo-Nazism is a global phenomenon, with organized representation in many countries and international networks. It borrows elements from Nazi doctrine, including antisemitism, ultranationalism, racism, xenophobia, ableism, homophobia, anti-communism, and creating a "Fourth Reich". Holocaust denial is common in neo-Nazi circles. Neo-Nazis regularly display Nazi symbols and express admiration for Adolf Hitler and other Nazi leaders. In some European and Latin American countries, laws prohibit the expression of pro-Nazi, racist, antisemitic, or homophobic views. Many Nazi-related symbols are banned in European countries (especially ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Far-right Political Parties In Australia
Far-right politics, also referred to as the extreme right or right-wing extremism, are political beliefs and actions further to the right of the left–right political spectrum than the standard political right, particularly in terms of being radically conservative, ultra-nationalist, and authoritarian, as well as having nativist ideologies and tendencies. Historically, "far-right politics" has been used to describe the experiences of Fascism, Nazism, and Falangism. Contemporary definitions now include neo-fascism, neo-Nazism, the Third Position, the alt-right, racial supremacism, National Bolshevism (culturally only) and other ideologies or organizations that feature aspects of authoritarian, ultra-nationalist, chauvinist, xenophobic, theocratic, racist, homophobic, transphobic, and/or reactionary views. Far-right politics have led to oppression, political violence, forced assimilation, ethnic cleansing, and genocide against groups of people based on their supposed inferi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Patriots Front
The United Patriots Front (UPF) was an Australian far-right extremist group that opposed immigration, multiculturalism and the religion of Islam. Formed in 2015, the group has been largely dormant since their Facebook page was deleted following the 2019 Christchurch mosque shootings. Based in the state of Victoria (Australia), Victoria, UPF was a Nationalism, nationalist group that formed following a schism in the anti-Islamic Reclaim Australia group, the group has been described by a number of media outlets and journalists as a hate group. The group also had an anti-semitism agenda and several members were neo-Nazis. In 2015, its leaders discussed Jewish conspiracy theories, with Neil Erikson stating that "My personal opinion is stick to the Muslim shit and Cultural Marxism for max support, do Jews later. You don't need to show your full hand." Blair Cottrell replied that it was his "current attitude as well. It will take years to prepare for the Jewish problem. If any of u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
True Blue Crew
The True Blue Crew (TBC) is an Australian far-right extremist group. Members and supporters have been linked to right-wing terrorism and vigilantism, and members have been arrested with weapons and on terrorism-related charges. Experts who have studied the group say it appears to be "committed to violence". The group rose to prominence as an anti-Islam group in 2015, and shifted more towards anti-immigration in response to public sentiment and police crackdowns. History 2014: Bendigo mosque protests Beginning in 2014, members of what would become the True Blue Crew were involved in the "Voices of Bendigo" and "Stop the Mosque" Bendigo protests. A number of far-right groups, including the Q Society, Reclaim Australia, the Australian Defence League and the United Patriots Front opposed the construction of a mosque and Islamic community centre in Bendigo, Victoria. The True Blue Crew was formed in 2015 as a splinter group from the anti-Islamic Reclaim Australia group, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reclaim Australia
Reclaim Australia is a far-right Australian nationalist protest group which is associated with nationalist and neo-Nazi hate groups. The group was formed in 2015, holding street rallies in cities across Australia to protest against Islam. It has protested in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Newcastle and Canberra. Reclaim Australia has also been described as a loose collective of groups. Ideology Reclaim Australia primarily opposes the practice of Islam in Australia and is considered Islamophobic. The group has attracted the involvement of neo-Nazis in promoting and attending Reclaim Australia rallies. Speakers at Reclaim Australia rallies have been known to express extremist views, with one speaker in South Australia warning of the risks of "Islamic barbarity" and encouraging those in attendance to "insult and vilify Islam five times a day if you want to". Rallies In April and July 2015 Reclaim Australia organised rallies in several Australian cities. Speakers a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Far-right Politics In Australia
Far-right politics in Australia describes authoritarian ideologies, including fascism and White supremacy as they manifest in Australia. In Australia the far-right first came to public attention with the formation in 1931 of the New Guard in Sydney and its offshoot, the Centre Party in 1933. These proto-fascist groups were monarchist, anti-communist and authoritarian in outlook. These early far-right groups were followed by the explicitly fascist Australia First Movement (1941). Far-right groups and individuals in Australia went on to adopt more explicitly racial positions during the 1960s and 1970s, morphing into self-proclaimed Nazi, fascist and anti-Semitic movements, organisations that opposed non-white and non-Christian immigration, such as the neo-Nazi National Socialist Party of Australia (1967) and the militant white supremacist group National Action (Australia) (1982). Since the 1980s, the term has mainly been used to describe those who advocate for preservati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australians Against Further Immigration
Australians Against Further Immigration (AAFI) was an Australian far-right political party which described itself as " eco-nationalist", was opposed to mass immigration and aimed for zero net migration. The party was founded in 1989 and registered in 1990, and ceased to exist in 2008. AAFI stood candidates at both state and federal level, but never won a seat. The party said it was a mainstream organisation, and sought to distance itself from extremist organisations such as the Australian League of Rights and from the Citizens Electoral Council.Lyle Allan (1994), 'Immigration and the Werriwa By-Election,' in ''People and Place'', Vol.2, No.1, p.55 In 1994, Franca Arena, then a Labor member of the New South Wales Legislative Council, denounced the party in the New South Wales parliament. In by-elections in Mackellar and Warringah (safe Liberal seats on the Northern Beaches of Sydney) in 1994, Labor MP Graeme Campbell urged electors to vote for Australians Against Further Immig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australia First Party
The Australia First Party (NSW) Incorporated, often shortened to the Australia First Party (AFP), is an Australian far-right political party founded in 1996 by Graeme Campbell. The policies of Australia First have been described as ultranationalist, anti-multicultural and economically protectionist. The party's logo includes the Southern Cross of the Eureka Flag. The AFP's current leader, Jim Saleam, is a Lebanese Australian, a convicted arsonist, a former member of the neo-Nazi National Socialist Party of Australia and founder of the militant Australian white supremacist group National Action. History Campbell era The Australia First Party was established in June 1996 by Graeme Campbell, and registered as a political party by the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) on 13 September 1996. Campbell had been the federal Labor member for Kalgoorlie since 1980. However, he was disendorsed by Labor in 1995, and continued to sit in parliament as an independent. He was ree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
African National Congress
The African National Congress (ANC) is a Social democracy, social-democratic political party in Republic of South Africa, South Africa. A liberation movement known for its opposition to apartheid, it has governed the country since 1994, when the 1994 South African general election, first post-apartheid election installed Nelson Mandela as President of South Africa. Cyril Ramaphosa, the incumbent national President, has served as President of the ANC since 18 December 2017. Founded on 8 January 1912 in Bloemfontein as the South African Native National Congress (SANNC), the organisation was formed to agitate, by moderate methods, for the rights of black South Africans. When the National Party (South Africa), National Party government came to power 1948 South African general election, in 1948, the ANC's central purpose became to oppose the new government's policy of institutionalised apartheid. To this end, its methods and means of organisation shifted; its adoption of the techn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Accessory Before The Fact
An accessory is a person who assists in, but does not actually participate in, the commission of a crime. The distinction between an accessory and a principal is a question of fact and degree: *The principal is the one whose acts or omissions, accompanied by the relevant ''mens rea'' (Latin for "guilty mind"), are the most immediate cause of the ''actus reus'' (Latin for "guilty act"). *If two or more people are directly responsible for the ''actus reus'', they can be charged as joint principals (see common purpose). The test to distinguish a joint principal from an accessory is whether the defendant independently contributed to causing the ''actus reus'' rather than merely giving generalised and/or limited help and encouragement. Elements In some jurisdictions, an accessory is distinguished from an accomplice, who normally is present at the crime and participates in some way. An accessory must generally have knowledge that a crime is being committed, will be committed, or has b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
