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Namasudra
Namasudra, also known as Namassej, is an ''Avarna'' community originating from eastern and central Bengal. The community was earlier known as ''Chandala'' or ''Chandal'', a term usually considered as a slur. They were traditionally engaged in fishing and as boatmen, and later in cultivation too. They lived outside the four-tier ritual '' varna'' system and thus were outcastes. Etymology There is a dearth of discussion as to the etymology of the word ''namasudra'' in pre-nineteenth-century Bengali literature and its period of origin is also undetermined. Several theories have been suggested but there is no broad consensus supporting any of them. Origins The Namasudra community was earlier known as ''Chandala'' or ''Chandal'', a term usually considered as a slur. They lived outside the four-tier ritual '' varna'' system and thus were outcastes and untouchables in the eyes of the caste Hindu communities. The community was traditionally engaged in fishing and as boatmen, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Namassej
Namasudra, also known as Namassej, is an '' Avarna'' community originating from eastern and central Bengal. The community was earlier known as '' Chandala'' or ''Chandal'', a term usually considered as a slur. They were traditionally engaged in fishing and as boatmen, and later in cultivation too. They lived outside the four-tier ritual ''varna'' system and thus were outcastes. Etymology There is a dearth of discussion as to the etymology of the word ''namasudra'' in pre-nineteenth-century Bengali literature and its period of origin is also undetermined. Several theories have been suggested but there is no broad consensus supporting any of them. Origins The Namasudra community was earlier known as ''Chandala'' or ''Chandal'', a term usually considered as a slur. They lived outside the four-tier ritual ''varna'' system and thus were outcastes and untouchables in the eyes of the caste Hindu communities. The community was traditionally engaged in fishing and as boatmen, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harichand Thakur
Harichand Thakur (হরিচাঁদ ঠাকুর) (30 March 1812 – 5 March 1878), worked among the untouchable people of Bengal Presidency. He formed the Matua sect of Hindus. Life Harichand Thakur was born in a Namashudra (or avarna ''nee'' Chandala) peasant family in 1811(or 1812) in the Safaldanga village of Gopalganj District, Bangladesh of what was then Bengal Presidency (now a part of Bangladesh). He was the son of Jashomanta Biswas (father) and Annapurna Devi (mother). His family was a vaishnavite for generations His grandfather ''Manchanram Biswas'' was a devout vaishnavite and known as ''Thakur Manchanram'' in the locality. His father ''Jashomanta'' also inherited the same ''Thakur'' title from his grandfather and during the time of his father, his family adopted the surname ''Thakur'' abandoning their original surname ''Biswas''. He was married to Jagat Mata Shanti Mata and they had two sons. He was evicted from his native village ''Safaldanga'' through th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matua Mahasangha
Matua Mahasangha ( bn, মতুয়া মহাসংঘ) is a religious reformation movement that originated, around 1860 AD, in modern-day Bangladesh, with a considerable number of adherents both in Bangladesh and in West Bengal of India. Matua is a sect of depressed class AVARNA Hindus who are Namasudras, a Scheduled Caste group. The movement was launched as a reformation by the followers of Harichand Thakur. Thakur attained ''atmadarshan'' at an early age and would subsequently preach his Darshan in Twelve Commandments. The teachings of Thakur establish education as preeminently important for the adherent and the upliftment of the population the adherent's duty, while also providing a formula for ending social conflict. Matua-mahasangha believe in ''Swayam-Dikshiti'' ("Self-Realisation") through the chanting of Harinaam, i.e., chanting the Holy name of God Hari. Harichand stressed the congressional chanting of Lord's name kirtan as the sole means to Mukti. His follower ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pramatha Ranjan Thakur
Pramatha Ranjan Thakur (1902 – 28 Decembder 1990) was an Indian politician elected as a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from the Hanskhali constituency in the 1962 elections as a candidate of the Indian National Congress. The seat was reserved for candidates from the Scheduled Castes. Early life Thakur was born at village of Orakandi in Faridpur District of Bengal Presidency. His father name is Shashi Bhushan Thakur. He passed Bar at Law from London and was called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn in June, 1929. Thakur was the first barrister from the Namasudra community. In 1933, he married Binapani Devi Thakur. Career Thakur was a prominent member of the Namasudra community, whose great-grandfather, Harichand Thakur (1811/12-1878), had founded the Hindu religious sect called Matua Mahasangha Matua Mahasangha ( bn, মতুয়া মহাসংঘ) is a religious reformation movement that originated, around 1860 AD, in modern-day Bangladesh, with a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chandala
Chandala ( sa, चांडाल, caṇḍāla) is a Sanskrit word for someone who deals with disposal of corpses, and is a Hindu lower caste, traditionally considered to be untouchable. A female member of this caste is known as a ''Caṇḍālī''. History Varṇa was a hierarchical social order in ancient India, based on the Vedas. Since the Vedic corpus constitute the earliest literary source, it came to be seen as the origin of caste society. In this view of caste, ''varṇas'' were created on a particular occasion and have remained virtually unchanged. In this ordering of society, notions of purity and pollution were central, and activities were delineated in this context. ''Varṇa'' divides the society into four groups ordered in a hierarchy; beyond these, outside the system, lies a fifth group known as the ''untouchables'', of which the Chandala became a constituent part. The first mention of the fourfold ''varṇa'' division is found in the later ''Rigveda''. Vedic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dalit
Dalit (from sa, दलित, dalita meaning "broken/scattered"), also previously known as untouchable, is the lowest stratum of the castes in India. Dalits were excluded from the four-fold varna system of Hinduism and were seen as forming a fifth varna, also known by the name of ''Panchama''. Dalits now profess various religious beliefs, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Christianity, Islam. Scheduled Castes is the official term for Dalits as per the Constitution of India. History The term ''Dalit'' is a self-applied concept for those called the "untouchables" and others that were outside of the traditional Hindu caste hierarchy. Economist and reformer B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956) said that untouchability came into Indian society around 400 CE, due to the struggle for supremacy between Buddhism and Brahmanism (an ancient term for Brahmanical Hinduism). Some Hindu priests befriended untouchables and were demoted to low-caste ranks. Eknath, another excommunicated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bengal Presidency
The Bengal Presidency, officially the Presidency of Fort William and later Bengal Province, was a subdivision of the British Empire in India. At the height of its territorial jurisdiction, it covered large parts of what is now South Asia and Southeast Asia. Bengal proper covered the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal (present-day Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal). Calcutta, the city which grew around Fort William, was the capital of the Bengal Presidency. For many years, the Governor of Bengal was concurrently the Viceroy of India and Calcutta was the de facto capital of India until 1911. The Bengal Presidency emerged from trading posts established in Mughal Bengal during the reign of Emperor Jahangir in 1612. The East India Company (HEIC), a British monopoly with a Royal Charter, competed with other European companies to gain influence in Bengal. After the decisive overthrow of the Nawab of Bengal in 1757 and the Battle of Buxar in 1764, the HEIC expan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sundarbans
Sundarbans (pronounced ) is a mangrove area in the delta formed by the confluence of the Padma, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It spans the area from the Baleswar River in Bangladesh's division of Khulna to the Hooghly River in India's state of West Bengal. It comprises closed and open mangrove forests, land used for agricultural purpose, mudflats and barren land, and is intersected by multiple tidal streams and channels. Sundarbans is home to the world's largest area of mangrove forests. Four protected areas in the Sundarbans are enlisted as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, viz. Sundarbans West (Bangladesh), Sundarbans South (Bangladesh), Sundarbans East (Bangladesh) and Sundarbans National Park (India). Despite these protections, the Indian Sundarbans were considered endangered in a 2020 assessment under the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems framework. The Sundarbans mangrove forest covers an area of about , of which forests in Bangladesh's Khulna Division ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of India (Marxist)
The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated as CPI(M)/CPIM/CPM) is a Marxist–Leninist communist political party in India. It is the largest communist party of India in terms of membership and electoral seats and one of the national parties of India. The party emerged from a split in the Communist Party of India (CPI) on 7 November 1964. CPI(M) is a part of ruling alliances in three states — the Left Democratic Front in Kerala, Mahagathbandhan in Bihar, and the Secular Progressive Alliance in Tamil Nadu. CPIM has representation in the legislative assemblies of 8 states. The All-India Party Congress is the supreme authority of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). However, during the time between two party congresses, the Central Committee is the highest decision-making body. The Central Committee shall elect from among its members a Polit Bureau including the General Secretary. The Polit Bureau carries on the work of the Central Committee between its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thakurnagar
Thakurnagar is a town in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is close to the border with Bangladesh. It is situated on the east side of the Jessore Road. Thakurnagar is famous for "Baruni Mela". History Thakurnagar was actually a vast jungle. It was a place filled with many muslims. P.R. Thakur and his gang killed many muslims and extorted them. Muslims were also raped. That's the original culture and conduct of P. R. Thakur's cult. Christians were persecuted, killed, raped and extorted. Thakurnagar is named after Pramath Ranjan Thakur, the great-grandson of the founder of the Hindu Matuan movement, Harichand Thakur. Due to the Thakurs' significance to the Matua Mahasangha, the village is considered the "Mecca of Matuas." Today, Thakurnagar is best known for the nearby Thakur Bari ("House of the Thakurs" in English). Thakurnagar is also known for its large flower market. It hosts a famous Baruni Mela. Geography Location Thakurnagar is located 63.4 km northeast o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gobardanga
Gobardanga is a city and a municipality in North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Founded on 20 April 1870, it is one of the oldest municipalities of West Bengal. Etymology The word ''Gobardanga'' derives from Sanskrit. It consists of three words, go-bar-danga. ''Go'' means "world/earth", ''bar'' means "greatest" and ''danga'' refers to "place" which literally means, ''the greatest place on earth''. Geography Location Gobardanga is situated on the banks of the river Jamuna. It is located 22.880149°N and 88.760791°E in the district of North 24 parganas of West Bengal. There is a horse bow lake named ''Kankona Baorh'' at Media, Gobardanga. It is an open mouthed bangle shaped water body. The lake resembles a Kankon, worn by ladies hence it is being named Kankona Baorh. It is a beautiful lush green place with scenic as well as touring potential. Lots of migratory birds come here in the winter time. Area overview The area covered in the map alongside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chandpara
Chandpara is a census town in the Gaighata CD block in the Bangaon subdivision of the North 24 Parganas district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography Location Chandpara is located at . Area overview The area shown in the map was a part of Jessore district from 1883. At the time of Partition of Bengal (1947) the Radcliffe Line placed the police station areas of Bangaon and Gaighata of Jessore district in India and the area was made a part of 24 Parganas district. The renowned novelist, Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay (of '' Pather Panchali'' fame) belonged to this area and many of his writings portray his experience in the area. It is a flat plain located in the lower Ganges Delta. In the densely populated area, 16.33% of the population lives in the urban areas and 83.67% lives in the rural areas. Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map. Civic administration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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