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N-Methyltryptamine
''N''-Methyltryptamine (NMT) is a member of the substituted tryptamine chemical class and a natural product which is biosynthesized in the human body from tryptamine by certain N-methyltransferase enzymes, such as indolethylamine ''N''-methyltransferase. It is a common component in human urine. NMT is an alkaloid derived from L-tryptophan that has been found in the bark, shoots and leaves of several plant genera, including '' Virola'', ''Acacia'', ''Mimosa'', and ''Desmanthus''—often together with the related compounds ''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT). Orally administered NMT appears to produce no psychoactive effects, likely as a result of extensive first-pass metabolism.Foye's principles of medicinal chemistry By William O. Foye, Thomas L. Lemke, David A. Williams However, it may become active upon combination with a MAOA inhibitor (MAOI). By vaporization NMT shows activity at 50–100 mg, with a d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acacia Simplicifolia
''Acacia simplex'' is a perennial climbing tree native to islands in the western part of the Pacific Ocean as far east as Savaii. It is also found in Argentina. This tree grows up to 12 m in height. There is no common English name, but it is called ''tatakia'' in Fiji, ''tatagia'' in Samoa, ''tātāngia'' in Tonga and ''Martaoui'' in New-Caledonia Uses The tree is used as a toxin in fishing. It incapacitates the fish, but it is apparently not harmful to people. Phytochemicals Bark * ''N''-methyltryptamine * ''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine * 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline Leafy stems *N-methyltryptamine *N,N-dimethyltryptamine *2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline * ''N'',''N''-formylmethyltryptamine *Traces of another unidentified alkaloid Stem bark Total alkaloids 3.6% of which 40% N-methyltryptamine, 22.5% N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 12.7% 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline. Twigs Total alkaloids 0.11%, of which ''N''-methyltryptamine is 26.3%, 6.2% '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desmanthus Illinoensis
''Desmanthus illinoensis'', commonly known as Illinois bundleflower, prairie-mimosa or prickleweed, is a common plant in many areas of the south central and Midwestern US. Habitat It can often be found growing on the sides of roads, needing full sun and ample moisture during its short growing season. USDA Zones 5-8 are recommended for outside cultivation. Chemistry Root bark of ''D. illinoensis'' has been found to contain N,N-DMT, NMT, N-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, 2-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, and gramine (toxic). Nutritional benefits The plant is nutritious and high in protein. The Land Institute in Salina, Kansas has done extensive research into the food uses of the seeds of this plant. Studies found the dry seeds composed of 38% protein, compared to 40% for soybeans The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean (''Glycine max'') is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses. Traditional unfermented food use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
''N'',''N''-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT or ''N'',''N''-DMT, SPL026) is a substituted tryptamine that occurs in many plants and animals, including human beings, and which is both a derivative and a structural analog of tryptamine. It is used as a psychedelic drug and prepared by various cultures for ritual purposes as an entheogen. DMT has a rapid onset, intense effects, and a relatively short duration of action. For those reasons, DMT was known as the "business trip" during the 1960s in the United States, as a user could access the full depth of a psychedelic experience in considerably less time than with other substances such as LSD or psilocybin mushrooms. DMT can be inhaled, ingested, or injected and its effects depend on the dose, as well as the mode of administration. When inhaled or injected, the effects last a short period of time: about five to 15 minutes. Effects can last three hours or more when orally ingested along with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), such a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
N-Ethyltryptamine
''N''-Ethyltryptamine (NET), or merely ethyltryptamine, is a tryptamine that is structurally related to ''N''-methyltryptamine (NMT) and the psychedelic drug Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary states of consciousness (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips").Pollan, Michael (2018). ''How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science ...s ''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and ''N'',''N''-diethyltryptamine (DET). See also * ''N''-Methyltryptamine (NMT) * ''N'',''N'',-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) References {{DEFAULTSORT:Ethyltryptamine, N- Tryptamines Serotonin receptor agonists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
N,N-dimethyltryptamine
''N'',''N''-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT or ''N'',''N''-DMT, SPL026) is a substituted tryptamine that occurs in many plants and animals, including human beings, and which is both a derivative and a structural analog of tryptamine. It is used as a psychedelic drug and prepared by various cultures for ritual purposes as an entheogen. DMT has a rapid onset, intense effects, and a relatively short duration of action. For those reasons, DMT was known as the "business trip" during the 1960s in the United States, as a user could access the full depth of a psychedelic experience in considerably less time than with other substances such as LSD or psilocybin mushrooms. DMT can be inhaled, ingested, or injected and its effects depend on the dose, as well as the mode of administration. When inhaled or injected, the effects last a short period of time: about five to 15 minutes. Effects can last three hours or more when orally ingested along with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), such a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desmanthus
''Desmanthus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mimosoid clade of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae of the pea family, Fabaceae. The name is derived from the Greek words δεσμός (''desmos''), meaning "bundle", and ἄνθος (''anthos''), meaning "flower". It contains about 24 species of herbs and shrubs that are sometimes described as being suffruiticose and have bipinnate leaves. ''Desmanthus'' is closely related to '' Leucaena'' and in appearance is similar to '' Neptunia''. Like '' Mimosa'' and ''Neptunia'', ''Desmanthus'' species fold their leaves in the evening. They are native to Mexico and North, Central and South America. Members of the genus are commonly known as bundleflowers. Donkey beans is another common name and originated in Central America, where ''Desmanthus'' species are highly regarded as fodder for these domestic draught animals. Description There are considerable differences in the descriptions of ''Desmanthus'' in the literat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acacia Obtusifolia
''Acacia obtusifolia'', commonly known as stiff-leaf wattle or blunt-leaf wattle, is a perennial tree in subfamily Mimosoideae of family Fabaceae. Description ''Acacia obtusifolia'' is an upright or spreading perennial tree which grows from 1.5m to 8m in height and it is native to Australia. It is closely related to ''Acacia longifolia''. ''Acacia obtusifolia'' can be distinguished by it having phyllode margins which are resinous, it usually blooms later in the year and it has paler flowers than ''Acacia longifolia.'' It flowers usually from December through February. Some populations of ''Acacia obtusifolia'' can survive winters to −6 °C and possibly a light snow, however plants from populations in areas that are frost free such as the coastal ranges of Northern NSW are susceptible to cold and will be killed by frosts lower than −3 °C. These populations avoid the valley floors and occur mainly on sandstone ridges well above the frost line. Phytochemicals Te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acacia Confusa
''Acacia confusa'' is a perennial tree native to South-East Asia. Some common names for it are acacia petit feuille, Ayangile, small Philippine acacia, Formosa acacia (Taiwan acacia), Philippine Wattle, and Formosan koa. It grows to a height of 15 m. The tree has become very common in many tropical Pacific areas, including Hawaii, where the species is considered invasive. Uses The wood has a density of about 0.75 g/cm3. In Taiwan, its wood was used to make support beams for underground mines. Acacia confusa is challenging to work and for this reason was traditionally burned as firewood or turned into charcoal in Taiwan. In later years it was exported to China to be made into wood flooring for the American market. At its height Taiwan exported more than 1,000 containers of Taiwan acacia to China. More recently it has been used domestically to produce high value wood products like musical instruments, furniture, and bathtubs. The wood is also converted to charcoal for family use. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). They are best known as effective antidepressants, especially for treatment-resistant depression and atypical depression. They are also used to treat panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, Parkinson's disease, and several other disorders. Reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A (RIMAs) are a subclass of MAOIs that selectively and reversibly inhibit the MAO-A enzyme. RIMAs are used clinically in the treatment of depression and dysthymia. Due to their reversibility, they are safer in single-drug overdose than the older, irreversible MAOIs, and weaker in increasing the monoamines important in depressive disorder. RIMAs have not gained widespread market share in the United States. Medical uses MAOIs have been found to be effective in the treatment of panic disorder with ago ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augmentation (psychiatry)
Augmentation, in the context of the pharmacological management of psychiatry, refers to the combination of two or more drugs to achieve better treatment results. Examples include: *Prescribing an atypical antipsychotic when someone is already taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of depression. *Prescribing estrogen for someone already being treated with antipsychotics for the management of schizophrenia. *Giving an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist on top of existing treatment for Parkinson's disease. In pharmacology, the term is occasionally used to describe treatments that increase (augment) the concentration of some substance in the body. This might be done when someone is deficient in a hormone, enzyme, or other endogenous substance. For example: *Use of DDCIs in addition to L-DOPA, to reduce conversion of L-DOPA outside the brain. *To give α1 antitrypsin to someone with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bioactivity
In pharmacology, biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter. When a drug is a complex chemical mixture, this activity is exerted by the substance's active ingredient or pharmacophore but can be modified by the other constituents. Among the various properties of chemical compounds, pharmacological/biological activity plays a crucial role since it suggests uses of the compounds in the medical applications. However, chemical compounds may show some adverse and toxic effects which may prevent their use in medical practice. Activity is generally dosage-dependent. Further, it is common to have effects ranging from beneficial to adverse for one substance when going from low to high doses. Activity depends critically on fulfillment of the ADME criteria. To be an effective drug, a compound not only must be active against a target, but also possess the appropriate ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First-pass Metabolism
The first pass effect (also known as first-pass metabolism or presystemic metabolism) is a phenomenon of drug metabolism whereby the concentration of a drug, specifically when administered orally, is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation. It is the fraction of drug lost during the process of absorption which is generally related to the liver and gut wall. Notable drugs that experience a significant first-pass effect are buprenorphine, chlorpromazine, cimetidine, diazepam, ethanol (drinking alcohol), imipramine, insulin, lidocaine, midazolam, morphine, pethidine, propranolol, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). First pass metabolism may occur in the liver (for propranolol, lidocaine, clomethiazole, and NTG) or in the gut (for benzylpenicillin and insulin). After a drug is swallowed, it is absorbed by the digestive system and enters the hepatic portal system. It is carried through the portal vein into the liver before it reaches the rest of the body. The liver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
