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Mār-bīti
Mār-bīti was a Mesopotamian god. While his character is overall poorly known, it is agreed that he was regarded as warlike. He could be associated with deities such as Nanaya, Nabu or various members of the local pantheons of Der and Borsippa. While he is already attested in an inscription from the Kassite period, most attestations of him come from the first millennium BCE. He was originally worshiped in Malgium and Der in eastern Mesopotamia, but he is also attested in Borsippa, Babylon and Kalhu. A number of temples dedicated to him are mentioned in known texts, but their ceremonial names in most cases remain unknown. Two kings of Babylonia bore theophoric names invoking him, Mār-bīti-apla-uṣur and Mār-bῑti-aḫḫē-idinna. Name and character The theonym Mār-bīti ( dDUMU- É, dA-É) can be literally translated as "son of the house", though the last sign in this context refers to a temple instead. Due to the fact that in known sources the name appears in association ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mar-biti-apla-usur
Mār-bīti-apla-uṣur, inscribed DUMU-É-A-PAB on contemporary inscriptions on Lorestān bronze arrowheads or dA-É-AxA-ŠEŠ in the ''Dynastic Chronicle'', means “O Marbīti, protect the heir.” Marbīti was a deity associated with Dēr with a sanctuary in Borsippa. Mārbītiaplauṣur reigned from 980 to 975 BC and was the sole king of Babylon’s short-lived seventh or ''Elamite'' Dynasty.''Babylonian Kinglist A'', BM 33332, iii 14. He was a contemporary of Assyrian king Aššur-reš-iši II.''Synchronistic King List'', Ass 14616c (KAV 216), iii 8 and fragments VAT 11261 (KAV 10), ii 2 + Ass 13956dh (KAV 182), iii 5. Biography The circumstances surrounding the fall of the previous Bazi dynasty and his ascendancy are unknown. His name was wholly Akkadian and he was described as a remote descendant of Elam, šà.bal.bal ˹libir NIM.˺MA.KI (Akkadian: ''liplippi Elamti Labīru''), in the ''Dynastic Chronicle''.''Dynastic Chronicle'' (ABC 18), column v lines 13 to 15. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukkal
Sukkal (conventionally translated from Sumerian as "vizier") was a term which could denote both a type of official and a class of deities in ancient Mesopotamia. The historical sukkals were responsible for overseeing the execution of various commands of the kings and acted as diplomatic envoys and translators for foreign dignitaties. The deities referred to as sukkals fulfilled a similar role in mythology, acting as servants, advisors and envoys of the main gods of the Mesopotamian pantheon, such as Enlil or Inanna. The best known sukkal is the goddess Ninshubur. In art, they were depicted carrying staffs, most likely understood as their attribute. They could function as intercessory deities, believed to mediate between worshipers and the major gods. The office sukkal is also known from various areas to the west and east of Mesopotamia, including the Hurrian kingdom Arrapha, Syrian Alalakh and Mari and Elam under the rule of the Sukkalmah Dynasty, while the concept of divine sukk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sutītu
Sutītu was a Mesopotamian goddess regarded as a divine representation of the nomadic Suteans. She arose in the early first millennium BCE as one of the multiple deities meant to embody specific ethnolinguistic groups. She is best attested in texts from Borsippa, where she first appears in sources from the eighth century BCE, though a chapel dedicated to her apparently also existed in the Esagil temple complex in Babylon. Name and character Information about Sutītu's character and her position in the Mesopotamian pantheon is scarce. Her name can be translated as "the Sutean goddess". The term "Sutean" (''sutû'') was used in Babylonia to refer to nomadic speakers of West Semitic languages, and in some contexts functioned interchangeably with the label "Aramean" ('' aḫlamû''). Sutītu has therefore herself been described as an "Aramean goddess" by Rocío Da Riva and Gianluca Galetti. In the god list ''An = Anum'' (tablet IV, line 135) the term Sutītu appears as one of the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanaya
Nanaya (Sumerian language, Sumerian , Dingir, DNA.NA.A; also transcribed as "Nanāy", "Nanaja", "Nanāja", '"Nanāya", or "Nanai"; antiquated transcription: "Nanâ"; in Greek language, Greek: ''Ναναια'' or ''Νανα''; Aramaic: ''ננױננאױ;'' Syriac language, Syriac: ܢܢܝ) was a Mesopotamian goddess of love, closely associated with Inanna. While she is well attested in Mesopotamian textual sources from many periods, from the times of the Third Dynasty of Ur to the conquest of Babylonia by the Achaemenids and beyond, and was among the most commonly worshiped goddesses through much of Mesopotamian history, both her origin and the meaning of her name are unknown. It has been proposed that she originated either as a minor Akkadian Empire, Akkadian goddess or as a hypostasis of Sumer, Sumerian Inanna, but the evidence is inconclusive. Her primary role was that of a goddess of love, and she was associated with eroticism and sensuality, though she was also a patron of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina
Mār-bῑti-aḫḫē-idinna, md''Mār-bῑti-áḫḫē-idinna'' (mdDUMU-E-PAP-AŠ),''Synchronistic King List'' Fragments (KAV 10) ii 5 and (KAV 182) iii 8. meaning '' Mār-bīti'' (a Babylonian god with a sanctuary at Borsippa) ''has given me brothers'', became king of Babylonia 939 BC, succeeding his brother, Ninurta-kudurrῑ-uṣur II, and was the 3rd king of the Dynasty of ''E'' to sit on the throne. He is known only from king lists, a brief mention in a chronicle and as a witness on a kudurru from his father, Nabû-mukin-apli's reign. Biography He was first recorded as a witness to a title deed inscribed on a kudurruKudurru BM 90835, BBSt 9. after his (presumably) older brothers, Ninurta-kudurrῑ-uṣur, who was to become his immediate predecessor on the throne, and Rīmūt-ilī, the temple administrator. The ''Eclectic Chronicle'''' Eclectic Chronicle'' (ABC 24), BM 27859: r 1. refers laconically to “the Nth year of Mār-bῑti-aḫḫē-idinna” but the context ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malgium
Malgium (also Malkum) is an ancient Mesopotamian city identified as Tell Yassir which thrived especially in the Middle Bronze Age, ca. 2000 BC - 1600 BC. Located on the river Tigris, south of where the Diyala River branches off and upstream of Maškan-šapir, it formed a small city-state in an area where the edges of the territories controlled by Larsa, Babylon and Elam converged. Inscribed in cuneiform as ma-al-gi-imKI, its chief deities were Ea and Damkina. Tell Yassir The site is a single mound covering around 15 hectares. Iraqi archaeologists conducted a surface survey. The site was heavily looted after the 2003 invasion of Iraq, to the extent that administrative and palatial structures visible from earlier satellite images could no longer be found. Along with pottery shards a number of inscribed bricks were found including those of Ur III rulers (Shulgi and Shu-Suen) and rulers of Malgium An example brick inscription: History Three of its rulers have been identified w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uṣur-amāssu
Uṣur-amāssu (also spelled Uṣur-awāssu or Uṣur-amāssa) was a Mesopotamian deity. While originally viewed as male, she later came to be regarded as a goddess. Regardless of gender, Uṣur-amāssu was considered as a child of Adad and Shala and like other members of their entourage was considered a deity of justice. The earliest attestations of veneration of Uṣur-amāssu are theophoric names from cities such as Kish, but the female version of this deity is best attested in sources from Uruk from the Neo-Babylonian period. She belonged to the pentad of goddesses who stood on top of the local pantheon, which also included Ishtar, Nanaya, Bēltu-ša-Rēš and Urkayītu. She is still attested in texts from the Seleucid period, and continued to be celebrated during an '' akitu'' festival. Name and gender Uṣur-amāssu's name was derived from an ordinary masculine given name known from Old Babylonian and Old Assyrian sources, Uṣur-awāssu, whose historically notable bearer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nabu-shuma-ishkun
Nabû-šuma-iškun, inscribed md''Nabû-šuma-iškun''un,''Kinglist A'', BM 33332, iv 2. and meaning "Nabu has set a name", was king of Babylon, speculatively ca. 761 – 748 BC (see below for provenance), and ruled during a time of great civil unrest. He came from the Bīt-Dakkūri tribe,Cylinder of Nabû-šuma-imbi, BM 33428, i 17. a Chaldean group apparently unrelated to that of his immediate predecessor, Erība-Marduk. Biography His place in the sequence of Babylonian rulers is confirmed by an Assyrian ''Synchronistic Kinglist'' fragment.''Synchronistic Kinglist'' fragment, VAT 11345 (published as KAV 13), 5. A contemporary source for information concerning his reign is found in an inscription of the governor of Borsippa, Nabû-šuma-imbi, which highlights his weakness and the autonomy of his regional officials. This barrel cylinder records the struggle over the control of their fields in the face of the incursions of marauders from Babylon and Dilbat; also Chaldeans and Ara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lisin
Lisin was a Mesopotamian deity initially regarded as a goddess and addressed as ''ama'', "mother," who later came to be regarded as a god and developed an association with fire. The name was also applied to a star associated with Nabu. Lisin's spouse was Ninsikila, whose gender also changed between periods. It was believed that they had eight children. The initial cult center of Lisin is uncertain, with locations such as Adab and Kesh being often proposed. She is attested in texts from various cities, including Umma, Lagash, Nippur and Meturan. Only a single literary text focused on Lisin is known, a lament in which she mourns the death of one of her sons, for which she blames her mother Ninhursag. Both female and male version of Lisin also appears in other similar texts. Name and character Lisin's name was written as 𒀭𒉈 ('' dLi9-si4'') in cuneiform. It is sometimes transcribed as Lisi instead. The reading with ''n'' as the final consonant is based on genitive forms in wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joan Goodnick Westenholz
Joan Goodnick Westenholz (1 July 1943 – 2013) was an Assyriologist and the chief curator at the Bible Lands Museum in Jerusalem. She held positions related to academic research at the Oriental Institute (University of Chicago), Harvard University, Ruhr University Bochum (Germany), New York University, Princeton University, and the W. F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research at Jerusalem. She was one of the first people to research gender studies in relation to the Ancient Near East and she co-founded and edited the inter-disciplinary NIN – Journal of Gender Studies in Antiquity. Early life and education Westenholz was born in 1943 in Philadelphia and attended the University of Pennsylvania, where she graduated at the age of 21 with a degree in anthropology. She completed her PhD in Near Eastern Languages and Literatures from the University of Chicago in 1971 and studied under Erica Reiner, A. Leo Oppenheim, I. J. Gelb, and Miguel Civil Miguel Civil (Miquel Civil i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suteans
The Suteans (Akkadian: ''Sutī’ū'', possibly from Amorite: ''Šetī’u'') were a Semitic people who lived throughout the Levant, Canaan and Mesopotamia during the Old Babylonian period. Unlike Amorites, they were not governed by a king. They were famous in Semitic epic poetry for being fierce nomadic warriors. History During the reign of Zimri-Lim (c. 1775–1761), they inhabited the vicinity of Terqa. They are mentioned in eight of the 382 Amarna letters. Like the Habiru, they traditionally worked as mercenaries, and were sometimes called Ahlamu. They are listed in documents from the Middle Assyrian Empire (1395-1075 BC) as being extant in the Amorite city of Emar, in what is now northeast Syria. Together with other Semitic peoples; the Chaldeans and Arameans, they overran swaths of Babylonia c. 1100 BC. They were eventually conquered by Assyria, along with the rest of Babylonia. Middle Bronze One of the earliest known references to Suteans comes from a report of a Sutean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vela (constellation)
Vela is a constellation in the southern sky, which contains the Vela Supercluster. Its name is Latin for the sails of a ship, and it was originally part of a larger constellation, the ship ''Argo Navis'', which was later divided into three parts, the others being Carina (constellation), Carina and Puppis. With an apparent magnitude of 1.8, its brightest star is the hot blue multiple star Gamma Velorum, one component of which is the brightest Wolf–Rayet star, Wolf-Rayet star in the sky. Delta Velorum, Delta and Kappa Velorum, together with Epsilon Carinae, Epsilon and Iota Carinae, form the asterism (astronomy), asterism known as the False Cross. 1.95-magnitude Delta is actually a triple or quintuple star system. History Argo Navis was one of the 48 classical constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and represented the ship ''Argo'', used by Jason and the Argonauts on their quest for the Golden Fleece in Greek mythology. German cartographer Johann Bayer depic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
