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Muslim Union Party
The Muslim Union Party, the Muslims Unity Party or the Party of Muslim Unity ( fa, حزب اتحادالمسلمین, hezb-e ettehad-ol-moslemin) was a political party based in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. History On 16 January 1979, just before Mohammad Reza Shah left the country, the Party of Muslim Reform ( fa, حزب اصلاحالمسلمین, Hizb-i Islah al-Muslimin) was established by Abdulaziz Mullazadeh. Marxist organizations criticized the organization for "sitting on the fence between conservatism and revolution" and Mullazadeh met with Ruhollah Khomeini, which led to his role as "a privileged intermediary of central power" in the region. The party Muslim Union Party was founded in early 1979 by clerics under the leadership of Mullazadeh. It soon became influential and "emerged as the only accredited institution admitted to articulate the demands of the Baloch in the capital". The party supported the Iranian Revolution and called for people to vote in f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Aziz Malazada
Abdul Aziz Malazada (1917 – 1987) was a Sunni scholar, jurist and politician from Iran. He is renowned for his efforts to promote Sunni beliefs and teachings in the region, as well as for his contributions to Islamic scholarship and jurisprudence. He established and managed several religious institutions, including the Jamiah Darul Uloom Zahedan, where he trained numerous scholars and students of Islamic sciences. He was also actively involved in politics and social affairs, serving as a member of the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution and founder and leader of Muslim Union Party. He was a vocal advocate for the rights of Sunnis in Iran and played a key role in promoting interfaith harmony and understanding. In addition, He was a prolific writer and poet, authoring several books on Islamic law, theology, and spirituality. Biography Abdul Aziz Malazada was born in 1917 in the village of Depkor, Sarbaz in Sistan and Baluchestan province and passed away on 1987. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly Election
Constitutional Convention elections were held in Iran on 3 and 4 August 1979. The result was a victory for the Islamic Republican Party. There were 10,784,932 votes cast in the elections, marking 51.71% turnout. Of all members elected, 68% were clerics. The new constitution drawn up by the body was approved by the voters in a referendum in December. Campaign During the elections, Islamic Republican Party had the upper hand when many clerical organizations and friday prayer imams endorsed IRP candidates and the National Television gave them extra time. Their campaign literature featured large pictures of Ayatollah Khomeini, who urged the voters to elect candidates with "Islamic qualifications", on the grounds that only such candidates are able to draft a genuine Islamic constitution. Different leftist groups fielded candidates for the elections, including the Tudeh Party of Iran, the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas, the Organization of Struggle for the Ema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jameh Mosque Of Makki
The Grand Makki Mosque of Zahedan ( fa, مسجد جامع مکی زاهدان) is the largest Sunni mosque in Iran and is located in the center of Zahedan, the capital of the province Sistan and Baluchestan. History The founder of the mosque was Maulana Abd al-Aziz Mullahzada who until his death in 1987 had the most important Sunni religious authority of the Baloch in Sistan-Balochistan in Iran. The Makki Mosque was founded as part of the Jamiat Darul Uloom seminary which is located next to the Makki mosque. The Darul Uloom is part of the Deobandi School. The Darul Uloom in Zahedan is the center for the Sunni Baloch people who live in eastern Iran. From its founding in the early 1970s, it has become the center of a network of thousands of mosques in the region, 120 Deobandi madrasas and about seventy seminaries of which forty are under direct leadership of the Zahedan-based Darul Uloom. For years the mosque was overcrowded with a large numbers of worshippers and its space was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunni
Sunni Islam () is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims. Its name comes from the word '' Sunnah'', referring to the tradition of Muhammad. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagreement over the succession to Muhammad and subsequently acquired broader political significance, as well as theological and juridical dimensions. According to Sunni traditions, Muhammad left no successor and the participants of the Saqifah event appointed Abu Bakr as the next-in-line (the first caliph). This contrasts with the Shia view, which holds that Muhammad appointed his son-in-law and cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor. The adherents of Sunni Islam are referred to in Arabic as ("the people of the Sunnah and the community") or for short. In English, its doctrines and practices are sometimes called ''Sunnism'', while adherents are known as Sunni Muslims, Sunnis, Sunnites and Ahlus Sunnah. Sunni Islam is sometimes referre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 243 million people, and has the world's Islam by country#Countries, second-largest Muslim population just behind Indonesia. Pakistan is the List of countries and dependencies by area, 33rd-largest country in the world by area and 2nd largest in South Asia, spanning . It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by India to India–Pakistan border, the east, Afghanistan to Durand Line, the west, Iran to Iran–Pakistan border, the southwest, and China to China–Pakistan border, the northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman. Islamabad is the nation's capital, while Karachi is its largest city and fina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saravan, Iran
Saravan ( Balochi and fa, سراوان, Sarāwān, also Romanized as Sarāvān; formerly, Shastoon) is a city in and the capital of Saravan County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 58,652, in 10,078 families. Saravan lies in the Iranian Balochistan, close to the international border of Pakistan. The inhabitants of the city are Baloch and speak the Balochi language. It is the center of Saravan County. The city lies in a long valley in the south of Masheked and north of Makran. Earthquake In winter of 2013 a major earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8 Richter occurred near the city of Saravan. Attacks on public figures Saravan is the location of many attacks, presumably by Baloch insurgents An insurgency is a violent, armed rebellion against authority waged by small, lightly armed bands who practice guerrilla warfare from primarily rural base areas. The key descriptive feature of insurgency is its asymmetric nature: small ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francs-tireurs
(, French for "free shooters") were irregular military formations deployed by France during the early stages of the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71). The term was revived and used by partisans to name two major French Resistance movements set up to fight against the Germans during World War II. The term is sometimes used to refer more generally to guerrilla fighters who operate outside the laws of war.Rupert Ticehurst"The Martens Clause and the Laws of Armed Conflict" 30 April 1997, ''International Review of the Red Cross'', No. 317, pp. 125–134 Background During the wars of the French Revolution, a was a member of a corps of light infantry organized separately from the regular army. The Spanish word , the Portuguese word and the Italian word , meaning sharpshooter or sniper, are derived from the word . Franco-Prussian War ''Francs-tireurs'' were an outgrowth of rifle-shooting clubs or unofficial military societies formed in the east of France at the time of the Lux ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baloch Nationalism
__NOTOC__ Baloch nationalism ( Baloch: راج دۏستی بلۏچی) asserts that the Baloch people, an ethnic group native to Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan are a distinct nation, and that their ethnicity overrides religious loyalty. The origins of modern Baloch nationalism coupled with the insurgency in Balochistan lie in the uncertainty regarding the signing of the Instrument of Accession (Kalat) around the time of the partition of India. ''The News International'' reported in 2012 that a local survey organization "Gallup" conducted a survey that revealed that the majority of Baloch do not support independence from Pakistan. About 37 percent of Baloch were in favour of independence. Amongst Balochistan's Pashtun population support for independence was even lower at 12 percent. However, a majority (67 percent) of Balochistan's population did favour greater provincial autonomy. A survey in 2009 by the Pew Research Center found that 58% of respondents in Balochistan chose ″Pakis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1979 Iranian Local Elections
In October 1979, Ministry of Interior held elections for local councils in 150 cities along with elections coordinated and overseen for councils in thousands of villages and nomadic communities. It was a move to address the importance of the local councils raised by the revolutionaries and to replace the councils with those existing since the Pahlavi dynasty. Kian Tajbakhsh argues that the councils were put on hold on fears of separatist aspirations, mainly because of eruptions of armed conflict in the provinces amidst Iran–Iraq War. According to Wilfried Buchta, in Kurdish and Turkmen regions the councils were "dominated by secular left-wing groups, wielded considerable influence both at the municipal and at the village level". In Zahedan, the clerical and regionalist Muslim Union Party (''hezb-e ettehad al-Moslemin'') led by Abdulaziz Mullazadeh that advocated more representation of Baluch people in the central government, played an active role in the campaigns and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranshahr (city)
Iranshahr ( fa, ايرانشهر, bal, اڃرانشهر, also Romanized as Īrānshahr; formerly, Pahrah, Fahrej, and Qal'eh-ye Nāşerī) is an Iranian city which serves as the capital of Iranshahr County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province. As of 2010 the population of Iranshahr was 100,000. The city is predominantly inhabited by ethnic Baloch speaking the Balochi language. Prior to 1935, the city was referred to as Pahrah ( fa, پهرہ), also spelt Poora, Poorah, and Pura, meaning "defence" in Persian.https://www.vajehyab.com/moein/%D9%BE%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87 The name was changed to Iranshahr by Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi in around 1941. Pahrah is the site where Alexander the Great celebrated with and regrouped his troops after his Indian conquests. Bampur, where the ancient Bampur fort is located, is nearby the city. Climate Iranshahr has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate class ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
December 1979 Iranian Constitutional Referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Iran on 2 and 3 December 1979. The new Islamic constitution was approved by 99.5% of voters. The referendum was held by the Council of the Islamic Revolution, because Bazargan's Interim Government—which oversaw the previous referendum—had resigned in protest to the U.S. Embassy hostage crisis. A day before the referendum, when the mourning of ''Ashura'' was practiced, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini said those who will not vote tomorrow, will help Americans and desecrate '' Shohada'' (Martyrs). Alongside Islamic Republican Party, the communist Tudeh Party of Iran urged people to vote yes, expressing its support for " Imam's line"; while Freedom Movement of Iran requested a yes vote on the grounds that the alternative was an anarchy. Others, including leftists, secular nationalists and Islamist followers of Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari called for a boycott. The turnout among Sunni minorities in Kurdistan and Sistan and Baluchestan Prov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Iran
The president of Iran ( fa, رئیسجمهور ایران, Rayis Jomhur-e Irān) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The president is the second highest-ranking official of Iran after the Supreme Leader. The president is required to gain the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in by the Parliament and the Supreme Leader has the power to dismiss the elected president if he has either been impeached by Parliament or found guilty of a constitutional violation by the Supreme Court. The president carries out the decrees, and answers to the Supreme Leader, who functions as the country's head of state.(see Article 110 of the constitution) Unlike the executive in other countries, the president of Iran does not have full control over the government, which is ultimately under the direct control of the Supreme Leader. Before elections, the nominees must be approved by the guardian council to become a president candidate. Members of the guardian c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
