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Mundo-R
R Cable y Telecomunicaciones Galicia, S.A. is a Spanish telecommunications company that offers fixed and mobile telephone, television and broadband internet services to businesses and consumers in Galicia, Spain. History In 1998, when the telecommunication industry was liberalized, Galicia, Spain adjudicated a contest to deploy wire in the area. At stake in the contest were three territorial demarcations: A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela and the rest of Galicia. The contracts for the three demarcations were won by the Galician Group of Companies for the Wire, Group Wire S.A. The two group companies would later merge to form R Cable y Telecomunicaciones Galicia, S.A. when the demarcations were consolidated administratively. During 2006, R expanded its geographic operations, offering direct access services to small areas in Galicia such as Monforte de Lemos, Sarria, Sada, O Porriño and A Laracha. R also established agreements with other municipal councils like Xove, B ...
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A Coruña
A Coruña (; es, La Coruña ; historical English: Corunna or The Groyne) is a city and municipality of Galicia, Spain. A Coruña is the most populated city in Galicia and the second most populated municipality in the autonomous community and seventeenth overall in the country. The city is the provincial capital of the province of the same name, having also served as political capital of the Kingdom of Galicia from the 16th to the 19th centuries, and as a regional administrative centre between 1833 and 1982, before being replaced by Santiago de Compostela. A Coruña is located on a promontory in the Golfo Ártabro, a large gulf on the Atlantic Ocean. It is the main industrial and financial centre of northern Galicia, and holds the headquarters of the Universidade da Coruña. A Coruña is a packed city, the Spanish city featuring the tallest mean-height of buildings, also featuring a population density of 21,972 inhabitants per square km of built land area. Name Origin Ther ...
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Vilalba
Vilalba is a municipality in Galicia (Spain), Galicia (Spain), in the province of Lugo, on the left bank of the river Ladra, one of the headstreams of the Minho (river), Miño. Pilgrim route Vilalba is located on the old Way of St. James, pilgrim route from western Europe to Santiago de Compostella, which enters from Burgos and Abadin to the east and crosses using the old Bridge of Martiñán in the parish of :es:Goiriz, Goiriz, leaving on the west side of the town towards :es:Santiago de Baamonde, Baamonde, Guitiriz and León, Spain, León. Journalistic tradition During the 20th century Vilalba had a rich journalistic tradition that began in 1902 with the ''Ideal Villalbés'', a newspaper handwritten by the poet and journalist Antonio García Hermida. This was continued, in a more professional form, by the ''El Eco de Villalba'' (1908) under Manuel Mato Vizoso and Novo Freire. After this were ''El Ratón'' (1910), ''El Vigía Villalbés'' (1913), ''Azul y Blanco'' (1914), '' ...
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Cogent Communications
Cogent Communications is a multinational internet service provider based in the United States. Cogent's primary services consist of Internet access and data transport, offered on a fiber optic, IP data-only network, along with colocation in data centers. Although Cogent is not a Tier 1 network, Tier 1 ISP by definition, due to lack of complete IPv6 connectivity, the company still advertises itself a Tier 1 ISP. There has been debate among networking professionals as to whether or not this amounts to false advertising. Acquisition history Cogent was founded in 1999 at the peak of the industry's growth and was funded by angel investors including members of Keiretsu Forum. In three years, Cogent acquired 13 other failing carriers, purchasing $14 billion in capital for $60 million, including $4 billion worth of Property, Plant and Equipment. * September 2001 – Acquires the assets of NetRail * February 2002 – Acquires Allied Riser * April 2002 – Acquires Building Access Agreement ...
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Vigo
Vigo ( , , , ) is a city and Municipalities in Spain, municipality in the province of Pontevedra, within the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Galicia (Spain), Galicia, Spain. Located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, it sits on the southern shore of an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, the Ria de Vigo, the southernmost of the Rías Baixas. The municipality, with an area of and a population of 299,321 on June 15, 2022 including rural parishes, is the most populous municipality in Galicia. The area of the municipality includes the Cíes Islands, part of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park. Vigo is one of the region's primary economic agents, owing to the French Stellantis Vigo Plant and to its Port of Vigo, port. Close to the Portugal–Spain border, Vigo is part of the Galicia–North Portugal Euroregion. The European Fisheries Control Agency is headquartered in Vigo. History In the Early Middle Ages, the small village of Vigo was part of t ...
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Telephone Booth
A telephone booth, telephone kiosk, telephone call box, telephone box or public call box is a tiny structure furnished with a payphone and designed for a telephone user's convenience; usually the user steps into the booth and closes the booth door while using the payphone inside. In the United States and Canada, "telephone booth" (or "phone booth") is the commonly used term for the structure, while in the Commonwealth of Nations (particularly the United Kingdom and Australia), it is a "phone box". Such a booth usually has lighting, a door to provide privacy, and windows to let others know if the booth is in use. The booth may be furnished with a printed directory of local telephone numbers, and a booth in a formal setting, such as a hotel, may be furnished with paper and pen and even a seat. An outdoor booth may be made of metal and plastic to withstand the elements and heavy use, while an indoor booth (once known as a silence cabinet) may have more elaborate architecture and ...
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CVC Capital Partners
CVC Capital Partners is a Luxembourg-based French private equity and investment advisory firm with approximately US$133 billion of assets under management and approximately €157 billion in secured commitments since inception across American, European and Asian private equity, secondaries and credit funds. As of 31 December 2021, the funds managed or advised by CVC are invested in more than 100 companies worldwide, employing over 450,000 people in numerous countries. CVC was founded in 1981 and, as of 31 March 2022, has over 650 employees working across its network of 25 offices throughout EMEA, Asia and the Americas. History Spinout from Citicorp and the 1990s By the early 1990s, Michael Smith, who joined Citicorp in 1982, was leading Citicorp Venture Capital in Europe along with other managing directors Steven Koltes, Hardy McLain, Donald Mackenzie, Iain Parham, and Rolly Van Rappard. In 1993, Smith and the senior investment professionals of Citicorp Venture Capital negotiat ...
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Gas Natural
Naturgy Energy Group S.A''.'', formerly ''Gas Natural Fenosa'' (), is a Spanish multinational natural gas and electrical energy utilities company, which operates primarily in Spain. The company's administrative headquarters are in Barcelona, while its legal headquarters are in Madrid. It also has operations in other countries, including: Italy, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Brazil, Puerto Rico, Moldova, and Morocco. Description The corporation's main interests are: the distribution of natural gas in Spain, Italy, and Latin America; the generation and commercialisation of electricity in the liberalised Spanish market (1997-2009); and the management of natural gas infrastructure and shipping transport. Gas Natural has approximately 10,000,000 energy clients worldwide. It has around 6,700 employees, of which approximately 50% work within Spain. The group's largest shareholders include the Spanish ''La Caixa'' bank and Repsol global energy c ...
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Unión Fenosa
''Unión Fenosa, S.A.'' was, until its acquisition by ''Gas Natural'' in 2009, a large Spanish company dedicated to the production and distribution of gas and electricity. It installed capacity of 11,120 megawatts of power and 8.9 million customers. The headquarters were in Madrid and the chairman was Pedro López Jiménez. Formerly a constituent of the IBEX 35 index, the company is a part of the Naturgy Energy Group. History The company was founded in 1912 as ''Unión Eléctrica Madrileña'' and it traded under that name until 1970 when the name was changed to ''Unión Eléctrica''. In 1982 it merged with ''Fuerza Eléctrica de Noroeste, S.A.'' (Fenosa) to form ''Unión Eléctrica Fenosa''. In 2000 the name was shortened to ''Unión Fenosa''. In 2008 the company was acquired by the Gas Natural group. Carbon intensity Structure The company had the following businesses: * Domestic generation and marketing * Domestic distribution * Gas * International electrical business * ...
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Novacaixagalicia
Caixa de Aforros de Galicia, Vigo, Ourense e Pontevedra (trading as Novacaixagalicia) was the name of a short-lived Spanish savings bank based in Galicia. It was created following the forced merger of the two major savings banks in the region, Caixa Galicia and Caixanova. This new ''caixa'' for Galicia became the fourth-largest in Spain with consolidated assets valued at €78.1 billion, and fourth-largest in terms of savings accounts, with €108.4 billion - 6% of Spanish savings banks. Due to financial irregularities in the finances of the company, in little under a year this new savings bank would go on to be "bankised" as NCG Banco ABANCA Corporación Bancaria, S.A. is a Spanish bank based in Galicia. It was created in 2011 following the "bankisation" of Novacaixagalicia savings bank. It operates in the autonomous communities of Galicia, Asturias and the province of Leó .... As a side note, it was the first financial institution to be registered in the Galic ...
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Mobile Virtual Network Operator
A mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) is a wireless communications services provider that does not own the wireless network infrastructure over which it provides services to its customers. An MVNO enters into a business agreement with a mobile network operator to obtain bulk access to network services at wholesale rates, then sets retail prices independently. An MVNO may use its own customer service, billing support systems, marketing, and sales personnel, or it could employ the services of a mobile virtual network enabler (MVNE). History MVNO agreements with network operators date back to the 1990s, when the European telecom market saw market liberalization, new regulatory frameworks, better 2G network technology, and a subsequent jump in wireless subscriber numbers. Though the new 2G networks more efficiently managed the limited frequency bands allocated to wireless service, new mobile entrants were still limited by their ability to access frequency bands in a restricted s ...
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DVB-C
Digital Video Broadcasting - Cable (DVB-C) is the DVB European consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital television over cable. This system transmits an MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 family digital audio/digital video stream, using a QAM modulation with channel coding. The standard was first published by the ETSI in 1994, and subsequently became the most widely used transmission system for digital cable television in Europe, Asia and South America. It is deployed worldwide in systems ranging from the larger cable television networks (CATV) down to smaller satellite master antenna TV (SMATV) systems. Technical description DVB-C transmitter With reference to the figure, a short description of the single processing blocks follows. * Source coding and MPEG-2 multiplexing (MUX): video, audio, and data streams are multiplexed into an MPEG program stream (MPEG-PS). One or more MPEG-PSs are joined together into an MPEG transport stream (MPEG-TS). This is the basic digital st ...
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Digital Terrestrial Television
Digital terrestrial television (DTTV or DTT, or DTTB with "broadcasting") is a technology for terrestrial television in which land-based (terrestrial) television stations broadcast television content by radio waves to televisions in consumers' residences in a digital format. DTTV is a major technological advance over the previous analog television, and has largely replaced analog which had been in common use since the middle of the 20th century. Test broadcasts began in 1998 with the changeover to DTTV (aka Analog Switchoff (ASO), or Digital Switchover (DSO)) beginning in 2006 and is now complete in many countries. The advantages of ''digital'' terrestrial television are similar to those obtained by digitising platforms such as cable TV, satellite, and telecommunications: more efficient use of limited radio spectrum bandwidth, provision of more television channels than analog, better quality images, and potentially lower operating costs for broadcasters (after the initial up ...
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