|
Muhammad Ibn Ishaq Ibn Ibrahim
Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ( ar, محمد بن إسحاق بن إبراهيم, died June 851) was a Mus'abid chief of security of Baghdad for the Abbasid Caliphate, from 850 until his death. Career Muhammad was the son of Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Mus'abi, a member of a collateral branch of the Tahirid family and the head of security (''shurtah'') in Baghdad from 822 to 850. During his father's lifetime Muhammad had been sent to attend the court of the caliph in Samarra, where he entered into the service of the central government and acted as Ishaq's representative. Upon the death of Ishaq in July 850, Muhammad succeeded him as chief of security of Baghdad; at the same time, by delivering the valuables in Ishaq's storehouses to the caliph al-Mutawakkil and his heirs al-Muntasir and al-Mu'tazz, he secured their favor and was given control over al-Yamamah, al-Bahrayn, Egypt and the Mecca Road as a reward. He also received Fars, but this appointment forced to deal with that provi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mutawakkil
Abū al-Faḍl Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Muʿtaṣim bi-ʾllāh ( ar, جعفر بن محمد المعتصم بالله; March 822 – 11 December 861), better known by his regnal name Al-Mutawakkil ʿalā Allāh (, "He who relies on God") was the tenth Abbasid caliph. He succeeded his brother, al-Wathiq, and is known for expanding the empire to its maximum extent. He was deeply religious, and is remembered for discarding the Muʿtazila, ending the Mihna (a period of persecution of Islamic scholars), and releasing Ahmad ibn Hanbal. He is also known for his tough rule, especially with respect to non-Muslim subjects. He was assassinated on 11 December 861 by the Turkic guard with the support of his son, al-Muntasir, marking the beginning of the period of civil strife known as the "Anarchy at Samarra". Early life Al-Mutawakkil was born on February/March 822 to the Abbasid prince Abu Ishaq Muhammad (the future al-Mu'tasim) and a slave concubine from Khwarazm called Shuja. His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Arabia
Eastern Arabia, historically known as al-Baḥrayn ( ar, البحرين) until the 18th century, is a region stretched from Basra to Khasab along the Persian Gulf coast and included parts of modern-day Bahrain, Kuwait, Eastern Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Oman. The entire coastal strip of Eastern Arabia was known as "Bahrain" for a millennium. Until very recently, the whole of Eastern Arabia, from the Shatt al-Arab to the mountains of Oman, was a place where people moved around, settled and married unconcerned by national borders. The people of Eastern Arabia shared a culture based on the sea; they are seafaring peoples. The Arab states of the Persian Gulf are all located in Eastern Arabia. The modern-day states of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and UAE are the most commonly listed Gulf Arab states; Saudi Arabia is often considered a Gulf Arab state as well, but most of the country's inhabitants do not live in Eastern Arabia, with the exception of the Bahrani pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tahirid Governors Of Baghdad
The Tahirid dynasty ( fa, طاهریان, Tâheriyân, ) was a culturally Arabized Sunni Muslim dynasty of Persian dehqan origin, that ruled as governors of Khorasan from 821 to 873 as well as serving as military and security commanders in Abbasid Baghdad until 891. The dynasty was founded by Tahir ibn Husayn, a leading general in the service of the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun. For his support of al-Ma'mun in the Fourth Fitna, he was granted the governance of Khorasan. The Tahirids initially made their capital in Merv but later moved to Nishapur. The Tahirids, however, were not an independent dynasty—according to Hugh Kennedy: "The Tahirids are sometimes considered as the first independent Iranian dynasty, but such a view is misleading. The arrangement was effectively a partnership between the Abbasids and the Tahirids." Indeed, the Tahirids were loyal to the Abbasid caliphs and in return enjoyed considerable autonomy; they were in effect viceroys representing Abbasid rule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
851 Deaths
__NOTOC__ Year 851 ( DCCCLI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Asia * Bagrat II Bagratuni, Armenian prince and leader of a rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate, is captured by the Abbasid army, and brought to the caliphal capital of Samarra. Britain * Danish Viking raiders enter the Thames Estuary, and plunder Canterbury and London. They land at Wembury near Plymouth, but are defeated by Anglo-Saxon forces led by King Ethelwulf of Wessex. His eldest son Æthelstan of Kent, accompanied by Ealdorman Ealhhere, attacks a Viking fleet off the coast at Sandwich, and captures nine of the enemy vessels while the remainder flees. China * Suleiman al-Tajir, Muslim merchant and traveller, visits China during the Tang Dynasty. He observes the manufacturing of Chinese porcelain at Guangzhou, and writes of his admiration for its transparent quality. Suleiman also describes the mosque at Guan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
'Abdallah Ibn Ishaq Ibn Ibrahim
Abdallah ibn Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ( ar, عبد الله بن إسحاق بن إبراهيم) was a Mus'abid official in the service of the Abbasid Caliphate. He was briefly the governor of Baghdad in 851, and the governor of Fars in c. 863. Career Abdallah was a member of the Mus'abid family, a collateral branch of the Tahirid dynasty. Following the death of Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Ibrahim in July 851, 'Abdallah succeeded him as governor of Baghdad and chief of security (''shurtah'') of the Sawad, but he quickly alienated his taxation officials by dealing with them in a harsh manner. In that same year he lost his position to Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir, who arrived in October from Khurasan. In ca. 863 Abdallah was appointed by Muhammad to act as his governor of Fars. While serving in that province, he withheld the pay of the local soldiers, which provoked them into rebelling against him and transferring their allegiance to 'Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn Quraysh 'Ali ibn al-Husayn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sawad
Sawad was the name used in early Islamic times (7th–12th centuries) for southern Iraq. It means "black land" or "arable land" and refers to the stark contrast between the alluvial plain of Mesopotamia and the Arabian Desert. Under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, it was an official political term for a province encompassing most of modern Iraq except for the Syrian Desert and Upper Mesopotamia in the north. As a generic term in Arabic, ''sawād'' () was used to denote the irrigated and cultivated areas in any district. Unmodified, it always referred to southern Iraq, the ''sawād'' of Baghdad. It replaced the earlier and more narrow term Rādhān. The term ''sawad'' eventually came to refer to the rural district around a particular city; thus, contemporary geographers made references to the Sawad of Baghdad, of Basra, of Kufa, of Wasit, of Samarra, or of Anbar. This usage was exclusive to Iraq. Geography The enormous economic potential of the Sawad is reflected in earl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Husayn Ibn Isma'il Al-Mus'abi
Al-Husayn ibn Isma'il ibn Ibrahim ibn Mus'ab ( ar, الحسين بن إسماعيل بن إبراهيم بن مصعب, died November 886) was a ninth century army commander in the service of the Abbasid Caliphate. He was particularly active during the period known as the Anarchy at Samarra (861–870). Career A member of the Mus'abid family, al-Husayn was a blood relation of the Tahirid family, and he is occasionally referred to in the sources by the ''nisba'' of "al-Tahiri." During the caliphate of al-Mutawakkil (r. 847–861) he was appointed as governor of Fars by his cousin Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Ibrahim in 850, and was responsible for putting to death his uncle Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Mus'abi, the previous holder of that position. In 858 he is mentioned as being a member of the al-Mutawakkil's bodyguard ('' haras'') when the caliph made his journey to Damascus, and in the following year he is reported to have been appointed as chamberlain (''hajib'') upon the death of I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ibn Ibrahim Al-Mus'abi
Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Mus'ab ( ar, ابو عبد الله محمد بن إبراهيم بن مصعب, died c. 850) was a Mus'abid military commander and provincial official for the Abbasid Caliphate. He served as the governor of Fars from 846–7 until his death. Career A member of the Mus'abid family, Muhammad was the brother of Ishaq ibn Ibrahim, the long-running chief of security ('' shurtah'') of Baghdad, and first cousin to Abdallah ibn Tahir, the Tahirid governor of Khurasan. He participated in the caliph al-Mu'tasim's Amorium campaign of 838, during which he commanded the troops following the vanguard, and was shortly after responsible for putting to death Ujayf ibn Anbasah, who had participated in a failed conspiracy to assassinate the caliph. In the following year he led the caliphal troops that participated alongside Abdallah ibn Tahir's campaign against the rebel prince Mazyar in Tabaristan, and he fought a successful battle against Mazyar's lieut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mecca Road
Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley above sea level. Its last recorded population was 1,578,722 in 2015. Its estimated metro population in 2020 is 2.042million, making it the List of cities in Saudi Arabia by population, third-most populated city in Saudi Arabia after Riyadh and Jeddah. Pilgrims more than triple this number every year during the Pilgrimage#Islam, pilgrimage, observed in the twelfth Islamic calendar, Hijri month of . Mecca is generally considered "the fountainhead and cradle of Islam". Mecca is revered in Islam as the birthplace of the Prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad. The Hira cave atop the ("Mountain of Light"), just outside the city, is where Muslims believe the Quran was first revealed to Muhammad. Vis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egypt In The Middle Ages
Following the Islamic conquest in 639, Lower Egypt was ruled at first by governors acting in the name of the Rashidun Caliphs and then the Umayyad Caliphs in Damascus, but in 747 the Umayyads were overthrown. Throughout Islamic rule, Askar was named the capital and housed the ruling administration. The conquest led to two separate provinces all under one ruler: Upper and Lower Egypt. These two very distinct regions were governed by the military and followed the demands handed down by the governor of Egypt and imposed by the heads of their communities. Egypt was ruled by many dynasties from the start of Islamic control in 639 until the early 16th century. The Umayyad period lasted from 658 to 750. The Abbasid period which came after was much more focused on taxes and centralizing power. In 868, the Tulunids, ruled by Ahmad ibn Tulun, expanded Egypt's territory into the Levant. He would rule until his death in 884. After years of turmoil under Ahmad ibn Tulun's successor, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Yamama
Al-Yamama ( ar, اليَمامَة, al-Yamāma) is a historical region in the southeastern Najd in modern-day Saudi Arabia, or sometimes more specifically, the now-extinct ancient village of Jaww al-Yamamah, near al-Kharj, after which the rest of the region was named. Only a handful of centralized states ever arose in the Yamama, but it figured prominently in early Islamic history, becoming a central theater in the Ridda wars immediately following Muhammad's death. Despite being incorporated into the Najd region, the term 'al-Yamama' remains in use as a traditional and historical term to reference or emphasize the region's ancient past. The current headquarters of the Saudi government in Riyadh, for example, is known as the Palace of Yamamah. Etymology The 13th-century geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi mentions a number of etymologies for ''al-Yamama'', including the root word ''hamam'' (Arabic for 'domesticated pigeon) but the historian G. Rex Smith considers them unlikely. Instead, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
