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Mufaddaliyat
The ''Mufaddaliyyat'' (Arabic: المفضليات / ALA-LC: ''al-Mufaḍḍaliyāt''), meaning "The Examination of al-Mufaḍḍal", is an anthology of ancient Arabic poems which derives its name from its author Mufaḍḍal al-Ḍabbī,Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature vol. 2, pg. 537. Eds. Julie Scott Meisami and . : , 1998. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ta'abbata Sharran
Thabit ibn Jabr, better known by his epithet Ta'abbata Sharran (; lived late 6th century or early 7th century CE) was a pre-Islamic Arabic poet of the '' su'luk'' (vagabond) school. He lived in the Arabian Peninsula near the city of Ta'if, and was a member of the tribe. He was known for engaging in tribal conflict with the Banu Hudhayl and Bajila tribes. He wrote poems about tribal warfare, the hardships of desert life, and ghouls. His work was prominent in the early poetic anthologies, being preserved in both the ''Mufaddaliyat'' (8th century) and the '' Hamasah'' (9th century). Details of his life are known only from pseudo-historical accounts in the poetic anthologies and the ''Kitab al-Aghani''. Name His proper name was Thabit ibn Jabr al-Fahmi. Al-Fahmi is a ''nisba'' indicating his membership in the Fahm tribe. Ta'abatta Sharran is a ''laqab,'' or nickname, which means "he who has put evil in his armpit." There are a number of traditional accounts of how he acquired t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Poetry
Arabic poetry ( ar, الشعر العربي ''ash-shi‘ru al-‘Arabīyyu'') is the earliest form of Arabic literature. Present knowledge of poetry in Arabic dates from the 6th century, but oral poetry is believed to predate that. Arabic poetry is categorized into two main types, rhymed or measured, and prose, with the former greatly preceding the latter. The rhymed poetry falls within fifteen different meters collected and explained by al-Farahidi in ''The Science of ‘ Arud''. Al-Akhfash, a student of al-Farahidi, later added one more meter to make them sixteen. The meters of the rhythmical poetry are known in Arabic as "seas" (''buḥūr''). The measuring unit of seas is known as "''taf‘īlah''," and every sea contains a certain number of taf'ilas which the poet has to observe in every verse (''bayt'') of the poem. The measuring procedure of a poem is very rigorous. Sometimes adding or removing a consonant or a vowel can shift the ''bayt'' from one meter to another. Also, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asma'iyyat
The Aṣmaʿiyyāt ( ar, الأصمعيات) is a well-known early anthology of Arabic poetry by Al-Asma'i. The collection is considered one of the primary sources for early Arabic poetry along with the Jamharat Ash'ar al-Arab, Hamasah, Mu'allaqat and Mufaddaliyat. It consists of 92 qasidahs by 71 poets from both Pre-Islamic Arabia (44 of them jahili) as well as the early Islamic era.Ludwig W. AdamecThe A to Z of Islam pg. 43. Lanham: Scarecrow Press, 2009. Unlike the Mufaddaliyat, the Asma'iyyat have not been preserved in their entirety and there were originally more than the surviving 72 passages. The modern print was first compiled and republished by German Orientalist Wilhelm Ahlwardt. See also *Abu Tammam Ḥabīb ibn Aws al-Ṭā’ī (; ca. 796/807 - 845), better known by his sobriquet Abū Tammām (), was an Arab poet and Muslim convert born to Christian parents. He is best known in literature by his 9th-century compilation of early poems kno ... * al-Mufaddal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kitab Al-Hamasah
''Ḥamāsah'' (from Arabic حماسة ''valour'') is a well-known ten-book anthology of Arabic poetry, compiled in the 9th century by Abu Tammam. Along with the '' Asma'iyyat'', ''Mufaddaliyat'', '' Jamharat Ash'ar al-Arab'', and ''Mu'allaqat'', ''Hamasah'' is considered one of the primary sources of early Arabic poetry. The work is especially important for having been the first Arabic anthology compiled by a poet and not a philologist and is the first in the Hamasah literary genre. The first and largest section of the work, ''al-ḥamāsah'' (valour), provides the name for several other anthologies of this type. The anthology contains a total of 884 poems, most of which are short extracts of longer poems, grouped by subject matter.Kirsten Eksell, "Genre in Early Arabic Poetry." Taken froLiterary History: Towards a Global Perspective vol. 2, pg. 158. Eds. Anders Pettersson, Gunilla Lindberg-Wada, Margareta Petersson and Stefan Helgesson. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2006. The sele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mu'allaqat
The Muʻallaqāt ( ar, المعلقات, ) is a group of seven long Arabic poems. The name means The Suspended Odes or The Hanging Poems, the traditional explanation being that these poems were hung in the Kaaba in Mecca, while scholars have also suggested that the hanging is figurative, as if the poems "hang" in the reader's mind. Along with the '' Mufaddaliyat'', '' Jamharat Ash'ar al-Arab'', '' Asma'iyyat'', and the ''Hamasah'', the ''Mu'allaqāt'' are considered the primary source for early Arabic poetry. Scholar Peter N. Stearns goes so far as to say that they represent "the most sophisticated poetic production in the history of Arabic letters." History Compilation The original compiler of the poems may have been Hammad al-Rawiya (8th century). The grammarian Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Nahhas (d. 949 CE) says in his commentary on the ''Mu'allaqat'': "The true view of the matter is this: when Hammad al-Rawiya saw how little men cared for poetry, he collected these seven pieces, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mufaddal Al-Dabbi
Al-Mufaddal ibn Muhammad ibn Ya'la ibn 'Amir ibn Salim ibn ar-Rammal ad-Dabbi, commonly known as al-Mufaḍḍal al-Ḍabbī ( ar, المُفَضَّل الضَّبِي), died –787, was an Arabic philologist of the Grammarians of Kufa, Kufan school.First Encyclopaedia of Islam, vol. 6pg. 625 Eds. Martijn Theodoor Houtsma, R. Bassett and Thomas Walker Arnold.Leiden: Brill Publishers: 1993. Al-Mufaddal was a contemporary of Hammad ar-Rawiya and Khalaf al-Ahmar, the famous collectors of ancient Arab poetry and tradition, and was somewhat the junior of Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala', the first scholar who systematically set himself to preserve the poetic literature of the Arabs. He died about fifty years before Abu Ubaidah (scholar), Abu ʿUbaidah and al-Asma'i, to whose labours posterity is largely indebted for the arrangement, elucidation and criticism of ancient Arabian verse; and his anthology was put together between fifty and sixty years before the compilation by Abu Tammam of the ''Kit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Al-A'rabi
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ziyād (), surnamed Ibn al-Aʿrābī () (ca. 760 – 846, Sāmarrā); a philologist, genealogist, and oral traditionist of Arabic tribal poetry. A grammarian of the school of al-Kūfah, who rivalled the grammarians of al-Baṣrah in poetry recital. He was famous for his knowledge of rare expressions and for transmitting the famous anthology of ancient Arabic poetry, '' Al-Mufaḍḍalīyāt''. The meaning of the word ''A'rābī'', and its difference to the word ''Arabī'', is explained by the exegete al-Sijistānī, in his book on rare Qur’ānic terms: ''A'rābī'' is a non-Arab desert inhabitant, whereas ''Arabī'' is a non-desert dwelling Arab. Life Ibn al-Aʿrābī was born in al-Kūfah in 760. His father, Ziyād, had been captured from Sindh, probably by the Banū Hāshim, or possibly by the Banū Shaybān or some other tribe. He himself was a ''mawla'' (client) of al-Abbās ibn Muḥammad ibn Alī ibn ʿAbd Allāh. He was said to h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamharat Ash'ar Al-Arab
Jamharat Ash'ar al-Arab ( ar, جمهرة أشعار العرب; ''The Gathering of the Arabs' Verses'') is an early Arabic poetry anthology by . The date of publication is unknown, and al-Qurashi is supposed by various scholars to have lived in the 8th, 9th or 10th centuries. It contains seven sections, each containing seven ''qasidas''. The ''Jamharat Ash'ar al-Arab'' is one of five canonical primary sources of early Arabic poetry. The four others are ''Mu'allaqat'', '' Hamasah'', ''Mufaddaliyat'' and the '' Asma'iyyat''. Sections The first section consists of the seven ''Mu'allaqat''. The anthology is the first source to use the name ''Mu'allaqat''; earlier writers describe the poems simply as "the Seven." Al-Qurashi's choice of poems is somewhat idiosyncratic, as he includes Al-Nabigha and Al-A'sha among the seven and excludes Antarah ibn Shaddad and Al-Harith. The second section is called "al-Mujamharat" ("the assembled"). It contains poems by , Adi ibn Zayd, , , , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, 2011. Having emerged in the 1st century, it is named after the Arab people; the term "Arab" was initially used to describe those living in the Arabian Peninsula, as perceived by geographers from ancient Greece. Since the 7th century, Arabic has been characterized by diglossia, with an opposition between a standard prestige language—i.e., Literary Arabic: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Classical Arabic—and diverse vernacular varieties, which serve as mother tongues. Colloquial dialects vary significantly from MSA, impeding mutual intelligibility. MSA is only acquired through formal education and is not spoken natively. It is the language of literature, official documents, and formal writ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Al-Nadim
Abū al-Faraj Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Nadīm ( ar, ابو الفرج محمد بن إسحاق النديم), also ibn Abī Ya'qūb Isḥāq ibn Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Warrāq, and commonly known by the ''nasab'' (patronymic) Ibn al-Nadīm ( ar, ابن النديم; died 17 September 995 or 998) was an Arab Muslim bibliographer and biographer of Baghdad who compiled the encyclopedia ''Kitāb al-Fihrist'' (''The Book Catalogue''). Biography Much known of al-Nadim is deduced from his epithets. 'Al-Nadim' (), 'the Court Companion' and 'al-Warrāq () 'the copyist of manuscripts'. Probably born in Baghdad ca. 320/932 he died there on Wednesday, 20th of Shaʿban A.H. 385. He was a Persian or perhaps an Arab. From age six, he may have attended a ''madrasa'' and received comprehensive education in Islamic studies, history, geography, comparative religion, the sciences, grammar, rhetoric and Qurʾanic commentary. Ibrahim al-Abyari, author of ''Turāth al-Insaniyah'' says al-Nadim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
