Monarc Butterfly Reserve11, Michoacan, Mexico.JPG
Modular Naval Artillery Concept (MONARC) was a study of the German defence industry about mounting the turret of the PzH 2000 self-propelled howitzer on a naval ship of frigate size. Description The size required above and below deck and the weight of this turret are not much different from the OTO Melara 76mm gun system, the standard naval gun of the German Navy. But to deal with the much greater recoil of the 155 mm artillery piece on such a vessel, a flexible mount with damping elements had to be designed. This mount and a PzH 2000's turret was fitted experimentally in December 2002 on the Type 124 ''Sachsen''-class frigate ''Hamburg'' at the shipyards of HDW in Kiel, when she was still fitting out. In 2004 the fire-control system was tested with a PzH 2000 strapped onto the helicopter deck of ''Hessen'', another Type 124 frigate. The feasibility of using even the unmodified PzH 2000 with unguided "dumb" rounds to attack naval targets had been proven previously b ...
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