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MirageOS
A unikernel is a specialised, Single address space operating system, single address space machine image constructed by using Operating system#Library, library operating systems. A developer selects, from a modular stack, the minimal set of libraries which correspond to the OS constructs required for the application to run. These libraries are then compiled with the application and configuration code to build sealed, fixed-purpose images (unikernels) which run directly on a hypervisor or Computer hardware, hardware without an intervening OS such as Linux or Windows. The first such systems were Exokernel and Nemesis (operating system), Nemesis in the late 1990s. Design In a library operating system, protection boundaries are pushed to the lowest hardware layers, resulting in: # a set of libraries that implement mechanisms such as those needed to drive hardware or talk network protocols; # a set of policies that enforce access control and isolation in the application layer. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unikernel Mirage Example
A unikernel is a specialised, single address space machine image constructed by using library operating systems. A developer selects, from a modular stack, the minimal set of libraries which correspond to the OS constructs required for the application to run. These libraries are then compiled with the application and configuration code to build sealed, fixed-purpose images (unikernels) which run directly on a hypervisor or hardware without an intervening OS such as Linux or Windows. The first such systems were Exokernel and Nemesis in the late 1990s. Design In a library operating system, protection boundaries are pushed to the lowest hardware layers, resulting in: # a set of libraries that implement mechanisms such as those needed to drive hardware or talk network protocols; # a set of policies that enforce access control and isolation in the application layer. The library OS architecture has several advantages and disadvantages compared with conventional OS designs. One ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virtualization
In computing, virtualization or virtualisation (sometimes abbreviated v12n, a numeronym) is the act of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of something at the same abstraction level, including virtual computer hardware platforms, storage devices, and computer network resources. Virtualization began in the 1960s, as a method of logically dividing the system resources provided by mainframe computers between different applications. An early and successful example is IBM CP/CMS. The control program CP provided each user with a simulated stand-alone System/360 computer. Since then, the meaning of the term has broadened. Hardware virtualization ''Hardware virtualization'' or ''platform virtualization'' refers to the creation of a virtual machine that acts like a real computer with an operating system. Software executed on these virtual machines is separated from the underlying hardware resources. For example, a computer that is running Arch Linux may host a virtual machi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rump Kernel
The NetBSD rump kernel is the first implementation of the "anykernel" concept where drivers either can be compiled into or run in the monolithic kernel or in user space on top of a light-weight kernel. The NetBSD drivers can be used on top of the rump kernel on a wide range of POSIX operating systems, such as the Hurd, Linux, NetBSD, DragonFly BSD, Solaris kernels and even Cygwin, along with the file system utilities built with the rump libraries. The rump kernels can also run without POSIX directly on top of the Xen hypervisor, an L4 microkernel using the Genode OS Framework or even on "OS-less" bare metal. Anykernel An anykernel is different in concept from microkernels, exokernels, partitioned kernels or hybrid kernels in that it tries to preserve the advantages of a monolithic kernel, while still enabling the faster driver development and added security in user space. The "anykernel" concept refers to an architecture-agnostic approach to drivers where drivers can either b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Container (virtualization)
OS-level virtualization is an operating system (OS) paradigm in which the kernel allows the existence of multiple isolated user space instances, called ''containers'' ( LXC, Solaris containers, Docker, Podman), ''zones'' (Solaris containers), ''virtual private servers'' (OpenVZ), ''partitions'', ''virtual environments'' (VEs), ''virtual kernels'' (DragonFly BSD), or ''jails'' (FreeBSD jail or chroot jail). Such instances may look like real computers from the point of view of programs running in them. A computer program running on an ordinary operating system can see all resources (connected devices, files and folders, network shares, CPU power, quantifiable hardware capabilities) of that computer. However, programs running inside of a container can only see the container's contents and devices assigned to the container. On Unix-like operating systems, this feature can be seen as an advanced implementation of the standard chroot mechanism, which changes the apparent root folder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microkernel
In computer science, a microkernel (often abbreviated as μ-kernel) is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system (OS). These mechanisms include low-level address space management, thread management, and inter-process communication (IPC). If the hardware provides multiple rings or CPU modes, the microkernel may be the only software executing at the most privileged level, which is generally referred to as supervisor or kernel mode. Traditional operating system functions, such as device drivers, protocol stacks and file systems, are typically removed from the microkernel itself and are instead run in user space. In terms of the source code size, microkernels are often smaller than monolithic kernels. The MINIX 3 microkernel, for example, has only approximately 12,000 lines of code. History Microkernels trace their roots back to Danish computer pioneer Per Brinch Hansen and his tenure in Danish computer compan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
